The history of interethnic relations in Uzbekistan

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Khusanov, K. (2022). The history of interethnic relations in Uzbekistan. Результаты научных исследований в условиях пандемии (COVID-19), 1(02), 67–72. извлечено от https://inlibrary.uz/index.php/scientific-research-covid-19/article/view/7942
Khabibullo Khusanov, Andizhan State University

Senior teacher of the chair of “Theory of civil society”

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Аннотация

In this article the essence and relationship between concepts national interest and the international relations in the conditions of globalization in public life is investigated. It is considered that the foundations of any international relation make national interests , their content and its socio-political role

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committee and the OGPU div. These representatives are responsible for
keeping records of residents and newcomers in settlements, ensuring public
order and safety in settlements, ensuring compliance with all orders of
higher authorities, reporting violations to the relevant authorities, crime
prevention, mobilization of the population in the fight against natural
disasters. to issue the necessary certificates to the population, to investigate
any criminal applications, to take meAndijan State University named after
Z.M.Boburres, to register acts on civil status. In these settlements it was
possible to place rich, ear farms from other districts of the USSR. The
People’s Commissariat of Land and Water of the USSR was tasked with
allocating a certain amount of land to those who had been resettled for
intensive agricultural work.


References:
1. The tragedy of the Central Asian village. Volume 2.-Tashkent: Shark,

2006.

2. UzR PAA, 58-fund, 128-case.
3. Shamsutdinov R. Rural tragedy.-Tashkent: Shark, 2003.
4. MIA of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Fund 32, List 1, Case 5.
5. From the materials of the International Scientific-Practical Expedition

Fund “Me’ros”: RFDA Fund 9779, List 1, Case 80.




Khabibullo Khusanov, Senior teacher of the chair of “Theory of civil

society” of Andizhan State University, Republic of Uzbekistan

THE HISTORY OF INTERETHNIC RELATIONS IN UZBEKISTAN

Kh. Khusanov


Abstract: In this article the essence and relationship between concepts

national interest and the international relations in the conditions of
globalization in public life is investigated. It is considered that the
foundations of any international relation make national interests , their
content and its socio-political role.

Keywords: globalization, nation, national interest, international

relation, national consent, national developments, national conflict,
genocide.


As you watch the events taking place in the political arena around the

world, you will see the need to reflect on their impact on the socio-political
life of Uzbekistan and their socio-political consequences.


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The problem that has been the subject of research in this article is that

the cause of unprecedented conflicts, destructions, and deaths of millions of
innocent people in human history is the relationship between national
interests and nations. The urgency of the topic is that the problem is
intertwined with political relations within one country and between
different countries. That is why national interests and interethnic relations
have always been at the forefront of human history. Therefore, in this article
we found it necessary to talk about the social phenomenon associated with
this topic. The article also describes how the topic of research is directly
relevant to the socio-political life of all countries, including Uzbekistan.

In Uzbekistan, even today, under the radical democratic reforms,

national interests and interethnic relations are one of the priorities of state
policy [1, p.34].

The head of our state noted that “I consider it my priority to keep and

strengthen the atmosphere of harmony, mutual respect and kindness in the
country and the nations that dominate in our country. More than 130
nations and ethnic groups live in our country [2, p.54].

National interests are “the notion of a nation, a system of social,

economic, political and cultural relations a system of aspirations related to
national needs, the preservation of national consciousness, thinking and
traditions” [3, p.32].

As each nation realizes its own interests, it first of all possesses material

and spiritual values. National interests include, first of all, the factors, related
to the fate, life and prosperity of each nation. These include, above all, the
right of the nation to self-determination, the right to national statehood, the
possibilities of economic prosperity, the full expression of national, cultural,
national language, religious freedom [4, p.65], and national values. At
present, the first and foremost feature of the 193 sovereign nations is the
national sovereignty. Mutually beneficial cooperation in international
relations is based on the aforementioned factors. Otherwise, the national
relations will be different.

Item 5 of the Presidential Decree "On the Strategy of Action for the

Further Development of the Republic of Uzbekistan for 2017-2021", dated
February 7, 2017: “Ensuring security, interethnic harmony and religious
tolerance; Strengthening the independence and sovereignty of our state-
directed policy, creating an environment of security, stability and good
neighborliness in Uzbekistan; strengthening our international authority” [2]
that is exactly what our national interests are.

It is well known that the national composition of most countries is made

up of one or more nationalities. In Uzbekistan, more than 130 nations and
nationalities live in harmony. Peace and harmony among many nations
living in one country is an important factor in the socio-political stability and


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prosperity of this country. After all, the incompatibility of national interests,
in turn. It creates national conflicts, conflicts and conflicts, even bloody wars.
As a result, in the face of such events, national wealth will increase, and
destruction and misery will increase. We can cite many examples from
history [5, p.21].Recently, the ongoing ethnic conflict in Afghanistan (about
40 rounds), bloody events between Azerbaijanis and Armenians in
Azerbaijan, Karabakh (90s of the 20

th

century), bloody clashes between

Uzbeks and Kyrgyz in Kyrgyzstan (90s of the 20

th

century and 2010). The

bloody conflict between the Uzbeks and the Meskhetian Turks (1989). This
phenomenon has occurred and continues to exist in many parts of the world,
such as Africa, Asia, Europe and America [6].

The main issue is to prevent ethnic and ethnic disagreements within a

particular region and country, and to avoid making mistakes in national
issues [7].

It is unfortunate that the interests and interactions of various

nationalities, in the history of mankind and now, unfortunately have been
violated by some nations, even with the policy aimed at their destruction -
genocide (Greek genus - genus caedere - killing, extermination); with and
without disastrous consequences. As an example, in the early twentieth
century in Turkey, the genocide committed by the Ottomans to the
Armenian people caused the loss of more than one million Armenian
ethnicity. During World War II, over 65 million people were killed by
German fascism as a result of a genocidal policy against many nations,
including Jews, Russians, French, Poles, and even their own people 1975-
1979 in Cambodia by Paul Pota and Ieng Sari more than 3 million citizens of
Cambodia were killed by the Nazi military. Even during the Soviet era of the
former totalitarian regime, the massacre of genocide against various peoples
and nations has killed millions of innocent people. In some countries today,
there are genocide-specific actions against certain people and nations [8,
p.87].

Increasing military conflict in different parts of the world, between

nations and nations is a serious threat facing humanity. In the Middle East,
Syria, Iraq, Yemen, South Sudan, Sakhal, Afghanistan and other countries
have been killed by wars in 2017 (Myanmar (formerly Burma)), and cities
and villages are devastated.

The increasing number of refugees around the world can serve as

evidence for this. According to the UN, the number of refugees in the world
now exceeds 66 million. They are mainly from Afghanistan, Syria, Iraq, South
Sudan and Myanmar. More than half a million refugees from Myanmar have
fled to Bangladesh [9].

Addressing the 72nd session of the UN General Assembly in New York,

United States, September 19-25, 2017, President Shavkat Mirziyoyev spoke


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of the UN’s commitment to peace and security, development, human rights,
including the rights of young people and the analysis of pressing issues, such
as their role and role in the spiritual development of humankind, and made
important suggestions and recommendations for their solution.

President Shavkat Mirziyoev proposed to adopt a special resolution of

the UN General Assembly to support efforts of the Central Asian states to
strengthen security and regional cooperation.

Many strategic issues related to this strategic issue were held on

November 10-11, 2017 in Samarkand under the auspices of the United
Nations High Level International Conference “Central Asia: Common History
and Common Future, Sustainable Development and Development” problems
were discussed.

The political significance of this international conference is that the five

independent states of Central Asia and the more than 60 million people
living in the region have all their past, destiny, and future, and will take all
the necessary steps to ensure their coexistence. On the other hand, the
establishment of friendly, friendly and mutually beneficial relations with
neighboring countries is an important factor for their further development
and prosperity.

The following conclusions can be drawn from the comments and

comments cited above.

1. Any form of interethnic relations is based on certain national

interests.

2. Interethnic relations based on equality ensure the realization of

national interests.

3. Our domestic and foreign policy, based on the “Strategy of Action”

currently pursued in our country, will contribute to ensuring security and
stability in Central Asia, enhancing the level of political trust with
neighboring countries and contributing to the further development of
interethnic relations in the region.

Indeed, today we have been targeted at building a civil society by

introducing the concept of "from a strong state to stronger society" to the
development of the developed countries, whilst fully overseeing human
rights and interests, creating a free and prosperous life. In this regard, it is
the time of deepening democratic reforms and modernization of the
country, primarily aimed at improving the state and society building.
Further improvement of the role of executive power in reforming and
modernizing the public administration system has become a necessity to
develop a concept of administrative reform to regulate democratic reforms
in a society. Based on this need, the Decree of the President of the Republic
of Uzbekistan Shavkat Mirziyoev of 8 September 2017 "On Approval of the


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Concept of Administrative Reforms in the Republic of Uzbekistan" was
adopted by the Decree # PD - 5185 [10, p.3].

Consequently, the modernization of state power bodies has been step

up in all spheres of life in order to liberalize all spheres of public life. The
existing shortcomings in the public administration system do not allow
adequate response to growing demands of the community, addressing the
problems faced at the local level, accelerating the development of the
economy and, as a consequence, the ongoing positive changes in the lives of
people. In this regard, it is of particular importance to formulate a
conceptual new concept of public administration through the successful
implementation of the Concept of Administrative Reforms, which outlines
the main directions.

Particular attention was paid to the sharp reduction of the direct

intervention of the executive structures of the executive and administrative
bodies of the executive branch to the functioning of the business structures
in order to change the powers of regulating and distributing their
management. In other words, adaptation of their powers to free market
relations and market principles was taken to reduce the interference of the
state into economic management. This led to the decentralization transition
from centralization to governance, namely, the transition from the national
level to the regional, district and city levels, and to the self-governing div,
which was a form of governance, into the mahalla's citizens' gatherings [3,
p.9].

It is necessary to say today President Shavkat Mirziyayev's initiatives

are being carried out by the Presidential Councils of the Republic of
Uzbekistan in all regions of the Republic to hear about the challenges and
problems of the 33 million people of Uzbekistan. In addition, the electronic
communication service has been established and the Presidential Party is
functioning. On the basis of the idea that “public institutions should serve
the public, not the public,” the focus is on improving the performance of
public administration in order to increase the effectiveness of public
services in the country, and administrative reform is being carried out.


References:
1. Mirziyoev Sh (2016). "We will build a free and prosperous,

democratic Uzbekistan with our courageous and noble people." Speech by
Shavkat Mirziyoev at a joint session of the chambers of the Oliy Majlis
dedicated to the inauguration of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan
// Khalk suzi. December 16, 2016

2. Decree of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan “On the Strategy

of Action for the Further Development of the Republic of Uzbekistan”//
Khalk suzi February 8, 2017.


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3. Spirituality: An explanatory dictionary of basic concepts. T.:

Publishing house named after Gafur Gulom. T. 2010.

4. (2018) Appeal to the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan Shavkat

Mirziyoev to the Oliy Majlis. Tashkent – Uzbekistan.

5. The Decree of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan No. UP-

5185 // Publication No. 201 (6874)

6. Yunusov (2013) Leader + law + work style + Responsibilities

Success in modern governance Andizhan.

7. Scientific-methodological manual on the study of the State Program

on implementation of the Strategy of Action in the five priorities of
development of the Republic of Uzbekistan for 2017-2021 at the Year of
Communication and Human Interest in Public Relations Tashkent-2017

8. Appendix 1 to the Decree of the President of the Republic of

Uzbekistan dated February 7, 2017, N UP-4947, dated 28 February, 2011,
No. 28 (6722) of the "Khalk Suzi" newspaper.

9. (2017) Khalk Suzi newspaper, February 12.
10. (2017) Khalk Suzi newspaper, February 9, 2017



Oybek Komilov, Doctor of Sciences in History, Professor at the department

“National idea, bases of morality and law education” of Andizhan State

University, Andizhan region, Republic of Uzbekistan

FROM THE HISTORY OF REFORMS IN NATIONAL EDUCATION OF

UZBEKISTAN (As an example of the 20s of the XX century)

O Komilov


Abstract: In the present article the history of national schools and

madrasahs during the soviet period in Uzbekistan have been analyzed in
details. Besides that reformation of national enlightenment system by
Jadids, results of reforms, applying new programs and methods to
madrasahs and schools have been investigated with important sources.

Keywords: national education, reforms, national school, madrasah,

enlightenment system, Uzbekistan, program.


INTRODUCTION
Education system is one of the important fields in the world countries

in recent time. As a result of Uzbekistan’s independence, our national culture
and values have been restored. Independence has also had a positive impact
on the development and development of the national education sector,
which is a component of our culture. It was during the independence that

Библиографические ссылки

Mirziyoev Sh (2016). "We will build a free and prosperous, democratic Uzbekistan with our courageous and noble people." Speech by Shavkat Mirziyoev at a joint session of the chambers of the Oliy Majlis dedicated to the inauguration of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan // Khalksuzi. December 16, 2016

Decree of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan "On the Strategy of Action for the Further Development of the Republic of Uzbekistan”// Khalk suzi February 8, 2017.

Spirituality: An explanatory dictionary of basic concepts. T.: Publishing house named after Gafur Gulom. T. 2010.

(2018) Appeal to the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan Shavkat Mirziyoev to the Oliy Majlis. Tashkent - Uzbekistan.

The Decree of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan No. UP-5185 // Publication No. 201 (6874)

Yunusov (2013) Leader + law + work style + Responsibilities Success in modern governance Andizhan.

Scientific-methodological manual on the study of the State Program on implementation of the Strategy of Action in the five priorities of development of the Republic of Uzbekistan for 2017-2021 at the Year of Communication and Human Interest in Public Relations Tashkent-2017

Appendix 1 to the Decree of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan dated February 7, 2017, N UP-4947, dated 28 February, 2011, No. 28 (6722) of the "Khalk Suzi" newspaper.

(2017) Khalk Suzi newspaper, February 12.

(2017) Khalk Suzi newspaper, February 9, 2017

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