Problems and theoretical solutions for the participation of the teacher and psychologist in criminal proceedings

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Pulatov, A. (2022). Problems and theoretical solutions for the participation of the teacher and psychologist in criminal proceedings . Результаты научных исследований в условиях пандемии (COVID-19), 1(02), 108–113. извлечено от https://inlibrary.uz/index.php/scientific-research-covid-19/article/view/7984
Azizkhon Pulatov, Tashkent State University of Law

 Independent researcher

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Аннотация

Problems of a legal regulation of the procedural status of teachers, psychologists, their participation in investigatory actions are described in this article. Authors suppose that teachers and psychologists are independent participants of the process, they propose that certain modification in the Criminal Procedure Code of the Republic of Uzbekistan. These modifications will help to define more exactly the status of the teacher, the psychologist and their role in the process with participation of the minor

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Declaration confirmed by all the countries joined UN, it is based on national
traditions.


References:
1.

Constitution Republic of Uzbekistan–T.:O’zbekiston. 2018. B.11

2.

A.Saidov The history ofConstitution of Uzbekistan –T.: Tasvir. 2018.

B.374

3. Mirzayusuf Rustambekov va boshq.“O`zbekiston Konstitutsiyasini

o`rganish”-T.: Yangi asr avlodi2005.-p.253




Azizkhon Pulatov, Independent researcher of Tashkent State University of

Law

PROBLEMS AND THEORETICAL SOLUTIONS FOR THE PARTICIPATION OF

THE TEACHER AND PSYCHOLOGIST IN CRIMINAL PROCEEDINGS

A. Pulatov


Abstract: Problems of a legal regulation of the procedural status of

teachers, psychologists, their participation in investigatory actions are
described in this article. Authors suppose that teachers and psychologists
are independent participants of the process, they propose that certain
modification in the Criminal Procedure Code of the Republic of Uzbekistan.
These modifications will help to define more exactly the status of the
teacher, the psychologist and their role in the process with participation of
the minor.

Keywords: Criminal Procedure Code, teachers, minor, psychologists,

procedural status, interrogation, national and foreign experience.


The implementation of large-scale reforms to ensure the rule of law and

improve the judicial system in our country is reflected in the work to create
a justice system aimed at ensuring the interests of man, his rights and
freedoms, improving the work of law enforcement agencies. In particular,
the President of our country Sh.M. Mirziyoyev decided to take meAndijan
State University named after Z.M.Boburres to radically improve the system
of criminal and criminal procedure legislation in 2018.

This decision is one of the priorities of the state to ensure the rule of law,

law and order, human rights and freedoms, public and state interests, peace
and security, a number of systemic problems and shortcomings in this area.
showed. He also called for the improvement of criminal procedure norms
aimed at ensuring the protection of the rights and legitimate interests of


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minors, the restoration of their violated rights, as well as the strengthening
of meAndijan State University named after Z.M.Boburres for the prevention
and prevention of juvenile delinquency [1]. Of course, one of the main and
important tasks of the criminal process is to create a guaranteed mechanism
for the protection of the legitimate interests of minors and to improve the
rights of minors in the existing legislation.

Therefore, the participation of educators and psychologists in criminal

proceedings is one of the most pressing issues. In addition, one of the major
research issues under study is the procedural status of educators and
psychologists. In particular, the legal status of teachers and psychologists in
Chapter 6 of the Criminal Procedure Code of the Republic of Uzbekistan in
the chapter “Other persons involved in criminal proceedings” is not strictly
defined in separate articles [2]. But in scientific circles, scholars have
expressed two conflicting views on the question of whether they legally
consider educators and psychologists to be participants in criminal
proceedings. Some see the educator and the psychologist as specialists
because they have the basic characteristics that are unique to litigation,
firstly, that they have specialized knowledge and secondly that they are not
interested in the case.

In fact, in 1966, O.S. Piussa also noted in his works that “the participation

of the educator in the interrogation should be considered as an expert by the
procedural law, he is an assistant to the investigator in this or that case, a
consultant” [3]. In his writings, he stated that the educator, based on his
existing knowledge, would assist the investigator in establishing the
necessary contact with the juvenile.

A. Doshitsyn argues that the purpose of the educator's involvement in

juvenile affairs should be to provide maximum psychological comfort, as
well as to ensure that the child is not subjected to violent pressure by one of
the parties [4].

A.A. Novikov also mentions educators and psychologists, falling into the

category of specialists. However, do some legal scholars view the educator
and psychologist as independent participants in the criminal process? [5]
From legal scholars, M.S. Strogovich argues that it would be wrong for the
investigator to equate the educator as an expert in the interrogation of a
juvenile defendant. His supporters share the view that, first, the educator
and the psychologist have broader rights under the procedural law of
foreign countries, and second, the involvement of a specialist, educator and
psychologist in the criminal process is involved for different purposes: the
educator and the psychologist organize the preliminary investigation they
are not involved in assisting the juvenile, but in ensuring the rights and
legitimate interests of the juvenile [6].


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The same ideas were expressed by S.V. Tetyuev also agreed that the

involvement of the educator in the interrogation of a juvenile in a criminal
case does not correspond to the specific specification of the task and
function of the specialist [7]. So, if we look at these ideas, the point is that
the notion that it is in the interests of the minor is not given enough attention
in the legislation.

One of the legal scholars, N.V. Mashinskova, a psychologist, states that in

order to participate in criminal proceedings, a person must have a university
degree in psychology and at least three years of experience in the field.

In the process of analyzing the theoretical opinions of procedural

scholars, they list the current issues as to which pedagogue or psychologist
should be involved in the criminal process, as well as the fact that scholars
have conflicting views. But scholars prefer to involve more psychologists in
the criminal-procedural part of their criminal-procedural theory. Some
scholars believe that the direct involvement of the educator in the criminal
process is a thing of the past. In the last century, due to the lack of
professional staff in psychology in educational institutions and other
organizations, this function was assigned to educators [9].

A.N. Popov says that the participation of educators in the CPC should be

eliminated altogether. However, in practice, more educators are involved.

One of the legal scholars, F.N. According to Bagautdinov, there are also

gender issues in the interrogation of minors. This means that if a juvenile is
male or female, it remains an open question as to which gender the educator
or psychologist is.

One of the Russian jurists, M.V. Kostitsky writes that when questioning

a minor, it is necessary to involve a psychologist in the first place, that is, it
is preferable to involve a specialist in the field of child pedagogy psychology.
He also wrote that there were no objections to the teacher's participation.

In practice, however, there are cases where even the person being

interrogated is a minor and mentally ill at the same time. In such cases,
experts unanimously believe that it is preferable to involve and ensure the
participation of a psychologist in the interrogation. Ammo A.N. Popov in his
recommendations, argues that if the juvenile suspect or accused is mentally
retarded, it is advisable to ensure the participation of a psychiatrist [13]. In
particular, in Article 69 of the Criminal Procedure Code of the Republic of
Uzbekistan Specialist. An expert is called in to assist the inquiry officer,
investigator, prosecutor and the court in finding and consolidating evidence
during the investigation and trial. It has been established that doctors,
educators and other persons with the necessary knowledge and skills can be
invited as specialists [14].

In our opinion, it would be expedient to consider educators and

psychologists as independent participants in criminal procedure legislation


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and to strengthen their procedural status in detail in the section on “other
persons involved in criminal proceedings”. There are a number of reasons
for this:

First, it is true that the participation of all participants in specific cases

in the criminal process is motivated by strict goals.

Secondly, if we look at the history, for a long time in criminal procedure

terminology the words “pedagogue" and “psychologist” have been used, but
the phrase "specialist, pedagogue and psychologist" is not used.

Third, if we look at the criminal procedure legislation of foreign

countries, he was one of the first to be recognized as a teacher, a participant
in criminal proceedings.

Also, Article 121 of the Code of Criminal Procedure of the Republic of

Uzbekistan, which specifies the specifics of interrogation of a minor witness
or victim, should be worded as follows: Interrogation of a witness or victim
under the age of sixteen by a legal representative or a close relative, teacher,
psychologist or with the consent of the victim's representative. It is
expedient to introduce the notion that these persons may ask questions to a
witness or victim with the permission of the interrogator [15].

S.I. Ojegov’s definition of a psychologist is defined in the Russian

Explanatory Dictionary as follows: a psychologist is a scientist, a specialist
in psychology, and an expert in human psychology [16].

A psychologist is a person with knowledge of adolescent psychology

who is involved in investigative actions in cases specified by law, ie in
interrogation, confrontation, identification, as well as in the examination of
testimony of a minor victim, witness, suspect, accused and defendant.

In our opinion, it would be correct to use the words that the educator

and psychologist should not refuse the summons of the inquirer,
investigator, or court, and should not disclose the materials of the initial
investigation known to be involved in the criminal case.

Also, one of the problems with juvenile investigation in criminal

procedure law is the question of how old a juvenile victim, witness, and in
some cases a suspect, accused should sign a statement of interrogation.

In summary, the educator, the psychologist, participates in the

interrogation, confrontation, recognition, and other situations of the
juvenile. as well as the fact that the educator and the psychologist are
involved in the investigative activities is not of independent proof. We only
see that the educator and the psychologist are involved as part of the
investigative action. In addition, the teacher is tasked with performing
specific (classification) tasks in the questionnaire, the sequence of
questions, form, appropriateness of the questionnaire, choosing the right
style of questioning from a pedagogical point of view, establishing


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psychological contact with the respondent and receiving complete and
reliable testimony.

The specialist has special knowledge, in cases specified in the criminal

procedure legislation in the procedural actions to seize documents, items,
confirm, identify, use technical means in criminal case materials, ask
questions to the expert, as well as answer and explain to the court questions
related to his professional activities. is a supportive person.


References:
1.Ўзбекистон Республикаси Президентининг 2018 йил 14 майдаги

ПҚ-3723-сон қарори.

2.Ўзбекиcтон Республикаси жиноят-процессуал кодекси. - Т.:

Ўзбекистон, 2018.

3. Пюсса О. Участие педагога в допросе несовершеннолетних //

Правоведение. 1966. № 4. С. 163–165.

4. Дощицын А. Производство следственных действий с участием

малолетних и педагога // Уголовное право. 2010. № 4.

5. Новиков А.А. Институт специалиста в уголовном судо-

производстве России: Автореф. дис. … канд. юрид. наук. Калининград,
2007. С. 8.

6. Строгович М.С. Курс советского уголовного процесса. М., 1970. Т.

2. С. 477.

7. Тетюев С.В. Педагог (психолог), участвующий в допросе

несовершеннолетнего,

и

«иные»

участники

уголовного

судопроизводства: общее и особенное // Российский юридический
журнал. 2009. № 6. С. 135–140; Он же. О регламентации участия
педагога (психолога) в производстве по уголовным делам в
отношении несовершеннолетних в странах СНГ.

8. Машинская Н. В.

Проблемы обеспечения эффективного участия

педагога и психолога в досудебном производстве по уголовным делам
несовершеннолетних

//

Вестник

Северного

(Арктического)

федерального университета. – Серия «Гуманитарные и социальные
науки». – 2015. – № 2. – С. 123–130.

9. Любичев С. Г. Особенности расследования преступлений

несовершеннолетних

на

современном

этапе

//

Проблемы

отправления правосудия по уголовным делам в современной России:
теория и практика: сборник научных статей. – Ч. 1. – Курск: Изд-во
Курск. гос. техн. ун-та, 2007. – С. 163–166.

10. Попов А. Н. Производство по делам о преступлениях

несовершеннолетних: монография / 2-е изд., испр. и доп. – Кн. 1. –
Красноярск: ГОУ ВПО «Сиб. гос. технол. ун-т», 2004. – 104 с.


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11. Багаутдинов Ф. Н. Ювенальная юстиция начинается с

предварительного следствия // Российская юстиция. 2002. № 9.

12. Костицкий М.В. Использование спецалных психологических

знаний в совестском уголовном процессе: дис.... д.ю.н. Львов, 1990. С.
177.

13. Попов А. Н. Правовединие. Производство по делам о

преступлениях несовершеннолетних: Учебное пособие для студентов
всех специальностей и всех форм обучения. Книга 1. Красноярск, 2004.
С. 45.

14. Ўзбекистон Республикаси жиноят-процессуал кодекси. 69-

модда. Ўзбекистон, 2018.

15. Ўзбекистон Республикаси жиноят-процессуал қодекси. - Т.:

Ўзбекистон, 2018.

16. Ожегов С.И. Толковый словарь русского языка. – Москва: АСТ,

2010. – 736 с.




Yuldoshali Rakhimov, Andizhan State University, Doctor of Sciences in Law,

Republic of Uzbekistan

PROCEDURAL ASPECTS FOR THE STUDY OF THE DEFENDANT

Y. Rakhimov


Abstract: In this article author paying particular attention to the

principles of the psychology of the accused, other researchers also express
their views on the technological structure of the person and the role of
biological and social factors as well.

Keywords: procedure, aspect, study, defendant, determine, choice.

The study of the identity of the person being questioned in the initial

investigation will determine the truth of the case, the correct choice of
precautionary meAndijan State University named after Z.M.Boburres, the
use of investigative tactics, the objective examination and evaluation of
evidence, the commission of a crime A.S. Krivosheey is mainly K.K. Based on
Platonov’s opinion, he repeats it in his research.

The scientific material that seeks to unravel the essence of the individual

belongs to other specialists as well. For example, Ya.S. Avrakh believes that
the criminal character consists of a set of qualities formed in the process of
interaction with human society on the basis of a psychological description,
which is a general nriitspial rule, which is considered a social being [1].
However, the individuality of the person is part of this complex, and taking

Библиографические ссылки

Узбекистан Республикаси Президентининг 2018 йил 14 майдаги ПК-3723-сон царори.

Узбекистон Республикаси жиноят-процессуал кодекси. - Т.: Узбекистан, 2018.

Пюсса О. Участие педагога в допросе несовершеннолетних // Правоведение. 1966. № 4. С. 163-165.

Дощицын А. Производство следственных действий с участием малолетних и педагога // Уголовное право. 2010. № 4.

Новиков А.А. Институт специалиста в уголовном судопроизводстве России: Автореф. дис. ... канд. юрид. наук. Калининград, 2007. С. 8.

Строгович М.С. Курс советского уголовного процесса. М., 1970. Т. 2. С. 477.

Тетюев С.В. Педагог (психолог), участвующий в допросе несовершеннолетнего, и «иные» участники уголовного судопроизводства: общее и особенное // Российский юридический журнал. 2009. № 6. С. 135-140; Он же. О регламентации участия педагога (психолога) в производстве по уголовным делам в отношении несовершеннолетних в странах СНГ.

Машинская Н. В. Проблемы обеспечения эффективного участия педагога и психолога в досудебном производстве по уголовным делам несовершеннолетних // Вестник Северного (Арктического) федерального университета. - Серия «Гуманитарные и социальные науки». - 2015. - № 2. - С. 123-130.

Любичев С. Г. Особенности расследования преступлений несовершеннолетних на современном этапе // Проблемы отправления правосудия по уголовным делам в современной России: теория и практика: сборник научных статей. - Ч. 1. - Курск: Изд-во Курск, гос. техн, ун-та, 2007. - С. 163-166.

Попов А. Н. Производство по делам о преступлениях несовершеннолетних: монография / 2-е изд., испр. и доп. - Кн. 1. -Красноярск: ГОУ ВПО «Сиб. гос. технол. ун-т», 2004. - 104 с.

Багаутдинов Ф. Н. Ювенальная юстиция начинается с предварительного следствия // Российская юстиция. 2002. № 9.

Костицкий М.В. Использование спецалных психологических знаний в совестском уголовном процессе: дис.... д.ю.н. Львов, 1990. С. 177.

Попов А. Н. Правовединие. Производство по делам о преступлениях несовершеннолетних: Учебное пособие для студентов всех специальностей и всех форм обучения. Книга 1. Красноярск, 2004. С. 45.

Узбекистан Республикаси жиноят-процессуал кодекси. 69-модда. Узбекистан, 2018.

Узбекистан Республикаси жиноят-процессуал цодекси. - Т.: Узбекистан, 2018.

Ожегов С.И. Толковый словарь русского языка. - Москва: ACT, 2010.-736 с.

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