Ftom the history of establishmentnational organizations in Uzbekistan

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Ubaydullaev, U. (2022). Ftom the history of establishmentnational organizations in Uzbekistan. Результаты научных исследований в условиях пандемии (COVID-19), 1(02), 126–130. извлечено от https://inlibrary.uz/index.php/scientific-research-covid-19/article/view/7990
Uktamjon Ubaydullaev, Andizhan State University

Head of the department “National idea, bases of morality and law education”  PhD in History, Associate Professor

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Аннотация

In this article is investigated establishment and functioning of the organizations “national charge” and “national independence” against the soviet system by the helping archive sources and historical literatures as well

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Uktamjon Ubaydullaev, Head of the department “National idea, bases of

morality and law education” of Andizhan State University, PhD in History,

Associate Professor, Republic of Uzbekistan

FTOM THE HISTORY OF ESTABLISHMENTNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS IN

UZBEKISTAN

U. Ubaydullaev


Abstract: in this article is investigated establishment and functioning of

the organizations “national charge” and “national independence” against the
soviet system by the helping archive sources and historical literatures as
well.

Keywords: establishment, organization, soviet system, national

scientists, jadids, soviet government.


INTRODUCTION
At the height of the nationalist movement against the Soviet

government, Jadids, intellectuals and national leaders also led a covert
struggle to overthrow the totalitarian system. In some cases, the struggle has
been transparent and integrated into different groups and organizations. In
fact, in August 1917, in the “Ittihadi tarakkiy” organized by Turkish
immigrants Usmanbek and Haidar Efendi, Munavvar Kori was prominent.
The main purpose of the organization, which worked in the opposition, was
to criticize Soviet colonial policy, to politically activate the youth, and to
reform the school.

According to Munavvar-kori, there were not many members in

Tashkent. Although their number was less than 50, their reputation was
very high. The association will send a special delegation to Turkey for help
from foreigners, for example. But these efforts are ineffective. At the same
time, the Soviet government increasingly intensifies the persecution and
pressure on the leading representatives of the peoples of the country. In
particular, the Jadids and their leader “The Unity of Progress” attacked.
Under these conditions, the Jadids are changing the opposition movement.
In January 1919, under the initiative of Munavvar Qori, the Union was
established. But “The Prohibition” is not going to stop. In 1919, one of the
parks near the Kashgar neighborhood of Tashkent hosted the Turkestan
Congress of “Ittihadi tarakkiy”. The Central Committee of the organization
will be formed.

Munavvar Kori writes: “When I was in Bukhara, I received a notice that

the National Union of Unity had been established in Tashkent instead of the
former” Testament. It was written in Turkish and did not belong to Heydar
Afandi, because I know his handwriting well. I gave this message to


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Saudullah Khoja, Kushbegiev and Ali RAndijan State University named after
Z.M.Boburlov [1, p.34].

METHODS
Concerning the structure and management of the organization,

Munawwar Kari later wrote: There were Turks in the central committee of
the National Unity Party. After the Turks leave, everything goes into the
hands of Sadriddin Khan. The reason why the “charge of progress” is called
“the charge of nationality” is probably because:

1. A national group was formed at the time that organization was in

existence. They may be given the name “National Union” to disguise
themselves as members of this group and to represent them as
representatives of the congress.

2. Sadriddin Khan was religious and Islamic. It is likely that the

organization was called “National Unity” (Union of Nations) to unite the
Uzbek, Kazakh, Kyrgyz, Turkmen and Tajiks under its influence. In general,
it is not a good idea to call the National Testing an organization similar to
that of the “Union of Progressives”, but consisting only of local progressives,
of old domestic and anti-colonial purposes. In fact, he had a very broad
purpose.

Munavvar Kori gave detailed information about the establishment of the

National Testing organization, its purpose, objectives and activities.
Therefore, we did not consider in the dissertation the activity of the National
Union of the Union.

Anti-corruption organizations, such as “Ittihadi tarakkiy”, “Nationality

of charges”, “Birlik”, did not observe unity in their activities. Due to
differences and differences there was a division.

In this situation it was necessary to find a new tactical approach of the

opposition movement, to consider the historical situation when using the
new method. Jadids in the above-mentioned groups initially believed that
the Soviet government could not stay in Turkestan for a long time and
supported the direct armed struggle against the Soviets. But this did not give
the expected result. The Jadids have continued to struggle secretly, based on
their timing, approach to the Soviet government, and cooperation with
them. In early 1919, a group of Jadids began to join the company [2, p.67].
As a result, the number of Muslims in the comfirmation is increasing rapidly.
This accelerated the creation of a separate national Muslim Communist sect.
At the second TPP conference (March 14-31, 1919), the organization elected
a Muslim bureau. T.Riskulov (chairman), Munavvar Kori, Yu.Aliev and
H.Ibragimov were elected to its composition. The office also had its own
provincial, district and city Muslim bureaus. This system would have the
power to independently decide on matters of interest to Muslims or to
submit it directly to the central party div. In its activities, Musbyuro


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struggled as an opposition force to end the colonial efforts of the Soviet
government in the country. These actions for the benefit of the people have
been characterized as “national cohesion” and “nationalism”. This group was
persecuted by the so-called communist “racists”.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS
The Soviet government implemented a policy of centralization in

Turkestan. In spite of indigenous resistance, the national government was
forced to restrict its borders. Under these conditions, the efforts of our
intellectuals and national leaders to combat the existing regime have not
stopped [3, p.45]. The national independence movement, which fought
armed against the Soviet regime, failed. New methods of struggle are
created. One way was to gather the same intellectuals in conversation
(consecutive hospitality) and to carry out a purposeful work. At the
initiative of Rustambek Yusupov, Sadulla Kori Shamuhammedov and
Shahobiddin Ahmedov, a group of anti-Soviet Gap groups was formed in
Tashkent’s Kukcha. The group consisted of teachers, educators of the time,
who came from a family of big merchants and had studied at madrassas. The
aim is to study and promote the nationalistic ideas and to assist them in their
efforts to overthrow the Soviet government. Shahobiddin Ahmedov and
Rustambek Yusupov, members of the Ittihadi tarakkiy organization, were
highly respected. Through their efforts, the participants of the discourse
understand the essence of national identity. Until 1924, when this ruthless
group was flooded with Turkish ideas, and now its ranks were filled with
educated intellectuals, they began to work to establish an independent
Uzbekistan, not Greater Turon. In this regard, many changes are taking place
in the group. In addition to Saudullah Kori Shamuhammedov, the arrival of
new leaders such as Said Gafurov and Husan Khan Niyoziy also dictates
different tasks. The core of the tasks that must be accomplished is to educate
participants in the national spirit of the Soviet regime and to spread the
ideas of independence among the masses [4, p.65].

Ilhom Islamov said about the activity: “The leaders of the group explain

the national ideas in a systematic way. They explained the consequences of
Russian chauvinism and disregard of the Uzbeks by the Russians (examples
on the streets and trams deal with the local population), the expulsion of
Uzbeks from the state institutions, and the resettlement of Russians. Said
Gafurov then said that this was nothing more than a colonial policy that
would make Central Asia their raw material” [5, p.39].

The members of the group are still colonized about the Soviet regime,

but the difference is that once governed by one governor, now governed by
a large number of governors, if previously the king's citizens were able to
sue the governor, then no one could afford it but, on the contrary, all their
lands were in the hands of Europeans, therefore it was necessary to


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propagate the idea of establishing an independent state in Uzbekistan. They
summarize the situation in Central Asia with India: “In British colonial India,
there is freedom of the press, everyone can criticize the government in the
press, national customs are not followed, there is freedom of trade and the
dictatorship of one party” [6, p.76].

Another goal of the Gap group was to fight against the Soviets. This

Uzbekistan must be independent, or at least be the dominant of England.
Because of its colonial policy, the following advantages are shown:
Turkestan is the ally of England's assets in Asia, and most importantly, it
does not have the opportunity to colonize a country of its own (small
population). The Gap members thought that the British would not come, but
that their capital would come and that our industry would develop and then
we would get rid of the British and declare ourselves an independent state
when the economic power of our country was established. The group
concludes that “our goal is to overthrow the Soviet power and establish an
independent Uzbek bourgeois state with the help of capitalist states, and if
not impossible, to become the dominant of England like Egypt” [7, p.45].

The main task of the organization is to develop and strengthen the

national idea, national spirit. This was evident in the literature and
textbooks of that time. Members of the organization believed that one of the
key ways to achieve independence was to replace the management staff of
the government and other state-owned enterprises, institutions and
institutions with local personnel. They wanted to make use of the
localization policy of the company and seize power. That is why the Trojan
established at the National Independence Center was engaged in
localization. One worked closely with the government's localization
commission, the other worked in media editorial offices, and the third was
in government agencies, helping to bring people close to them to senior
positions and to work in various agencies and media. Ali RAndijan State
University named after Z.M.Boburlov, who headed the government's
localization commission for a while, was one of the activists of the "National
Independence". Many members of the organization, working in high-level
government and party positions, have made clear proposals for the
opposition Bolshevik party policy. They completely ignored the class
struggle, which was the main idea of the party. “We have,” writes Munavvar
Kari, the basis of our classical worldview is the denial of classes. We did not
know the classes, unless we considered the large bourgeoisie and the very
small group of landowners and traders we were all in sight. It is clear that
our role in the political life of the country after the October Overturning, our
struggle against the Soviet government and the poor dictatorship is clear.
This is how our motto of independence comes from our efforts to establish
a bourgeois democratic Turkestan and then an independent Uzbekistan”.


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CONCLUSION
Thus, until 1930 the branches of the “National Independence”

organization operated in many parts of the country. Archive documents
covering the activities of the National Coalition and the National
Independence were collected mainly through testimony from the members
of the organization and by spies. By highlighting some of these, you can
highlight the overall purpose of their work.


REFERENCES:
1.

National Archive of the Republic of Uzbekistan (NAUz), fund-R.837,

list 38, case 20, p.79.

2.

NAUz, fund-R.837, list 38, case 3803, p.234.

3.

NAUz, fund-R.2483, list 1, case 746, p.14.

4.

http//www.igpi.ru/bibl/igpi_publ/uzb_eco.html

5.

NAUz, fund-R.837, list 1, case 1595, p.289.

6.

NAUz, fund-R.837, list 1, case 1993, p.142.

7.

NAUz, fund-R.837, list 1, case 1010, p.60.




Khusanboy Umarov, Senior teacher at the Department “National Idea,

Spirituality and Legal Education” of Andizhan State University, Republic of

Uzbekistan

THE SYSTEM OF CONTRACTS GOVERNING THE ACTIVITIES OF

MICROCREDIT ORGANIZATIONS

Kh. Umarov


Abstract: The article discusses the system of contracts for legal

regulation of services provided by microcredit organizations. The article
also discusses the features of microcredit, microcredit, microleasing,
microfactoring and consulting contracts.

Keywords: microcredit, microleasing, microfinance, microfactoring,

consulting services, contracts, microcredit organizations, legal regulation


Financial activity plays an important role in the economic development

of any country. Consistent financial system of the country, development of
effective financial plans to support entrepreneurship and targeted
investment in small business are important factors in ensuring economic
stability of the country. Microfinance has a special place in this. It is known
that microfinance is the provision of loans and other financial services that
are not in a small amount for all who are not covered by the usual banking

Библиографические ссылки

National Archive of the Republic of Uzbekistan (NAUz), fund-R.837, list 38, case 20, p.79.

NAUz, fund-R.837, list 38, case 3803, p.234.

NAUz, fund-R.2483, list 1, case 746, p.14.

http//www.igpi.ru/bibl/igpi_publ/uzb_eco.html

NAUz, fund-R.837, list 1, case 1595, p.289.

NAUz, fund-R.837, list 1, case 1993, p.142.

NAUz, fund-R.837, list 1, case 1010, p.60.

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