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Gulmira Sattorova, Student of Samarkand State Institute of Foreign
Languages
FEATURES FANTASY KENZABURO OE
G. Sattorova
Abstract: This article covers the famous Japanese writer Kenzoburo Oe.
It's about Towers of Healing and its fantastic features.
Кey words: World War II, self-literature, “Towers of Healing”, Nobel
Prize.
Kenzaburo Oe is an outstanding modem Japanesc humanist painter,
which is a gencrally recognized classics of modern Japanese and world
literature. As a public figure, he is aware of his critical remarks about modem
culture and the political situation in the country. In his writings,
KenzaburoOe tries to overcome the nihilism, irresponsibility and alienation
of the modem man, which, in his opinion, reached his apotheosis in World
War II. The main motive that goes through all of his half- century artistic
activity is the issue of identifying a person and overcoming nihilism in a
world that survived World War II Trees and bizarre legends from a
childhood spent in a village on the island of Shikoku, the Japanese emperor
s renunciation of his divinity, the atomic bombs in Hiroshima and Nagasaki,
the birth of a mentally retarded son and communication with him, as well as
other images and themes that appeared back in radio the earliest works of
the writer have been preserved up to the latest works, however, the very
Scientific research results in pandemic conditions (COVID-19)
58
answer to the question of identification, operating with these images,
gradually evolved from the naive to the incredibly complex as Oe reached
the writefs maturity.
Despite the autobiography underlying his works, full of sophisticated
humor and creative experiment, they fundamentally differ from the
unwritten canon of Japanese literature: in them autobiography is not
intrinsic, it is overcome. Oe calls his method of writing novels of a mature
period of creativity grotesque realism in the sense that Mikhail Bakhtin put
into this concept. Oe argues that he is unorthodox for the Japanese context
in writing that “self-literature” is inadequate to reality, since it is impossible
to fit into a one-dimensional narrative human experience occurring
simultaneously at different temporal and spatial levels. To write literature,
where it would be possible to distinguish between these levels and at the
same time preserve their intrinsic integrity, according to Oe, it is necessary
to consciously construct the model ot tlu woild around and the personulity
model ofhiimelf as tui artist, und the role ot the jester is intended for the
writer himself, or holy fool
My books are the vvay thev are, primarily becausc I always stfrt from
my own immediate experiences and relate them ю society, couniry, and the
world.
Eschological motifs are inherent in the work of Kenzaburo Oe - the
desire to vsam about the danger of “extreme” situations that can becomc
catastrophic tor the whole society. At the center of his novels is the moral
quest for the post-wai generation. He states that society ccases to notice its
own decay. Human consciousness is corrupted, accustomed to the idca of
impunity of cvil, thc moral life ofthe spirit is paralyzed, people lose sincerity.
The words “die when they are formally referred to, and their “corpses” clog
the ether, not allowing them to figure out vvhat is really happening. Selfishly
thinking only of themsclves, wanting to save only themselves, people
destroy the whole world, for all living things are interconnected.
The Healing Towers is Kenzaburo Oe’s science fiction novel, in which
the writer considers the possible consequences of an atomic catastrophe on
its planetary scale. The chapters of the work, as they vvere written, were
published from July 1989 to March 1990 in the literary magazine
Herumessu, and then the novel was published as a separate book by the
publishing house Ivanami Sethen. The novel is translated into German and
Spanish. In 1991, Oe wrote a sequel to the novel entitled Planet of Healing
Towers.
Despite the fact that the novel “Towers of Healing” was the first work by
Oe, written in the genre of science fiction, it contains all the basic elemcnts
of the writeris classic works: escape from reality, an existential dead end, a
breakthrough and the subsequent finding of hope, which gives reason to put
Scientific research results in pandemic conditions (COVID-19)
59
“ Healing Towers ”on a par with his earlier catastrophe novel“ They
Embraced Me Water to My Soul ”. Remaining true to himself, in the “Towers
of Healing,” Oe again addresses the themes of the socio-political crisis,
freedom, and human happiness. The creativity ot Kendzaburo Oe is an
important landmark for modem science fiction. It contains the embryos ot
many plots, nodules of many conflicts, outlines the ways of creating many
tantastic situations. Kendzaburo Oe's fiction foreshadowed the onset of the
modem historical era, one of those eras on which not only the direction of
subsequent development depends, but also the very fate of civilization and
humanity on earth balloon.
Fantasy Kendzaburo Oe called for a conscious attitude to life, aroused a
sense of historical responsibility, wamed, drawing visions of terrible social
upheavals and disasters. So, Wells was one of the first to foresee the
possibility of occurrence in the 20th century. new terrible danger to the
world and man, and in his novel "Towers of Healing" depicted a picture of
the death, decay of modem civilization in the fire of atomic warfare.
So, those spiritual wounds inflicted on humanity of the 20th century
forced the writer to take up a pen, Oe admits in her confessional speech. This
means that he does not think that humanity is hopeless, he believes in the
possibility of his transformation if the instinct of compassion wakes up,
which is as primordial in man as the instinct of beauty. Oe is looking for ways
out ofthe current situation in society, looking for solutions to the duality
problem in Japan. In his speech, Oe finds a path that seems true to him. The
writer is sure that, first of all, it is necessary to overcome the alienation of
man from nature. Alienation from extemal nature led to the destruction of
the intemal nature, of man himself.
Alienation from extemal nature led to the destruction of the intemal
nature, of man himself. The more a person loses himself, the more he
destroys the Earth, bringing his own death closer. And Oe hurries to wam
people about the impending disaster, which will inevitably come closer as
retribution forhuman sins. In his Nobcl lccture, Oc gives an assessment of his
work: “I am one ofthe writers strivingto create serious literary works that
oppose those novels that only satisfy the needs of consumers ot culture.
“History repeats itself, come to your senses, while life on carth has not
stopped ... I hear the sounds of the Great Flood approaching from afar
existence, in thoughts, in the behavior of people of two generations. Its
growing buzz portends a general catastrophe. I decided to warn people,
believing in their will [13, p. 82]. So, says one of the heroes of Oe Kenzaburo’s
works. ln 1994, the Japanese writer Oe Kenzaburo received the Nobel Prizc.
He became the second Japanese writer to receive this award. Oe received his
prize “for creating a imaginary with poetic power, in which reality and myth,
combining, presen picture of today's human adversities.” The concrete ways
Scientific research results in pandemic conditions (COVID-19)
60
and methods p p Kendzaburo Oe in his later works to resolve the main social
conflicts are unreliable, contradictory, and often naively utopian.
Nevertheless, and relevance of science fiction, its high social mission, is
perhaps one of the most valuable lessons in the work of Kenzaburo Oe.
Reference:
1.
Grivnin V. S. Creative path Kenzaburo Oe. - Moscow: Nation, 1980 .-
326 p.
2.
Yoshida, S. A review of “Chiryoto” by K. Oe // World Literature Today.
- 1991. -No. 65/2.-S. 368.
3.
Grigorieva T. P. Japanese literature of the XX century. - Moscow: Alfa-
M, 2005 .—416p.
4.
Lavrentiev B. P. Japanese-Russian and Russian-Japanese. - Moscow:
Aquarium,
2005 .- 973 p.
http://fb.ru/article/253903/yaponskaya-literatura-istoriya-
Lazizbek Makhmudov - Assistant, Department of Economics of Sectors,
SIES
E-COMMERCE TAXATION PROCEDURE : INTERNATIONAL AND NATIONAL
STANDARDS
L. Makhmudov
Abstract:
Objective: controlled Kinsta the WordPress Hosting [1]
site, in 2017, e-commerce accounted for 3.26 percent of
global GDP, estimated at $ 2.3 trillion. It is expected that in 2021 this figure
will double to 4.5 trillion. By 2040, 95% of total global sales is projected in
the form of e-commerce. It can be seen that e-commerce is growing rapidly.
Consequently, in the future it will be necessary to fully form and regulate
this network infrastructure by the state. In this article, we want to present
the results of our study on e-commerce taxation.
Research Method: Empirical and theoretical methods were used in this
article. The principles and rules of taxation developed by international
organizations and various countries, including Uzbekistan, were studied, the
impact of tax rates on electronic commerce in different countries on the
development of the industry was calculated, and the tax regimes of different
countries were compared. In the course of these studies, the method of
analysis and synthesis of the theoretical method was used to analyze some
