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Gayrat Mamarajabov,
Termez State University, Senior Lecturer,
Department of Philosophy
THE DEVELOPMENT OF NATIONAL CRAFTS IN THE SOUTHERN REGIONS
OF UZBEKISTAN
G. Mamarajabov
Abstract. This article reflects the development of handicrafts in the
southern regions of the Republic of Uzbekistan, the types of handicrafts
specific to this region, the national values formed in the oasis and continuing
to this day. The article also reflects the conditions created by the state for
artisans during the years of independence and the issue of state policy.
Keywords. Crafts, profession, specialization, home-based work,
industry, tradition, master, apprentice, crafter.
I.
INTRODUCTION.
The intensification of the study of national culture on a scientific basis
for the cultural and educational development of Uzbekistan is associated
with the achievement of state independence, the adoption of important state
programs for the revival and development of traditional crafts. This fact
proves that the reforms in the field of handicrafts in the years of
independence of the Republic are conceptually and practically correct. The
"Strategy of actions for the five directions of development of the Republic of
Uzbekistan in 2017-2021" is one of the most important and important tasks
in the development of the state and society, modernization of the country,
socio-economic development [1]. The theory is based on the study of
historical and cultural heritage, as well as the expansion of contacts of Uzbek
artisans with countries around the world, strengthening their place in the
socio-political life of the republic.
Kashkadarya, Surkhandarya region are the most important historical
and cultural regions of Uzbekistan, and since ancient times, handicrafts have
been one of the most important sectors of economic life in the region. In the
southern region of Uzbekistan, handicrafts have a special place in the socio-
economic and cultural relations with neighboring countries. One of the most
important issues after the independence of the Republic of Uzbekistan is the
education of people in society, the creation of new opportunities for the
spiritual heritage of the Uzbek people.
As the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan Shavkat Mirziyoyev has
mentioned “All the necessary raw materials for the development of
handicrafts (boat building, ceramics, blacksmithing, construction) in the
southern regions of Uzbekistan are obtained in pure form from the regions
themselves. This is also due to changes in the natural geographical
environment and society”. [2.16].
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II. MAIN PART.
In the first years of independence, the restoration of forgotten types of
national handicrafts, the equipment created by artisans based on the needs
of the population, the people's way of life, rare works of art were able to
attract the attention of locals and foreigners. During the Soviet era, the
development of the national handicraft industry, which had developed over
the centuries, was severely damaged. [3] This led to the decline of national
handicrafts, the abolition of handicraft occupations in rural areas, and the
influx of many villagers to abandon their occupations. During the Soviet era
in Uzbekistan, the national handicrafts in the countryside were severely
damaged, but the Uzbek people, who have a sedentary cultural lifestyle, have
preserved the foundations of these handicrafts as three cultural heritages.
On the basis of reforms in the state program, the preservation and
development of national culture in rural areas, the restoration of tradition
in the production of handicrafts has become a natural process [4. 266].
Historically, the daily needs of the people of the oasis have been provided
mainly by household items, household items and tools made by local
artisans.
In 1949, the V.Buysun handicraft cooperative named after V.Kuybeshev
produced 94,593 meters of jade, 2,697 meters of janda, 894 meters of
abershin and 90 meters of satin [5.17]. The Boysun Experimental Silk
Weaving Factory, the construction of which began in 1966 and was launched
in 1972, produced products worth 907,000 soums in the same year. In 1971-
1975, a tweed scarf factory and a sewing factory in Boysun also established
branches in the villages of Sariosiyo and Kofurun, which belonged to the
district, and provided 600 women [6,295]. Despite the difficulties, problems
and restrictions imposed by the center in Uzbekistan in 1960-1970, the light
industry also grew slightly. In 1970, industrial production in the country
increased by 6.25% compared to 1966, including 7.5% in Surkhandarya
region and 8.2% in Kashkadarya region. This growth in the light industry
was achieved primarily through the production of cotton. During the
planned economy, the development of handicrafts in the country has come
to a standstill. During this period, handicrafts were administratively extinct.
In 1926, individual farmers and unorganized artisans accounted for 80.2
percent of the total population, and workers and employees for 19.8 percent.
During these years, artisans were forcibly merged into co-operatives, and
with the end of industrialization the figure changed dramatically. In 1939,
the number of workers and employees was 32.2 percent, while farmers and
unorganized artisans were 2.9 percent. In 1956, the government of the
Union passed a resolution "On the abolition of artisan cooperation" and the
production of handicrafts by various technical means, machine tools, and
artisans were forced to unite in handicraft factories.
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The potential for the quality of products produced in handicraft
factories has changed dramatically, labor productivity has declined. After
gaining independence, the development of handicrafts has risen to the level
of state policy. From the first years of independence, the President and the
Government of the Republic of Uzbekistan have paid serious attention to the
development of national handicrafts in a free, democratic environment.
After the independence of our country, great changes have taken place
in the applied arts of the Uzbek people, as in any field. The Decree of the
President of the Republic of Uzbekistan "On measures to further develop
handicrafts and comprehensive support for artisans" was adopted [7].
There is a growing interest in the field. In particular, our art of painting is
rich in traditions and is distinguished by the diversity and diversity of work
methods. The painter skillfully uses the natural luster of his work, the
material texture of the elegant form, to achieve a bright expression. Mankind
is constantly improving and decorating all the clothes, household and
household items that it deems necessary. At the same time, each artistically
decorated item and equipment has its own decoration methods and stages
of artistic processing of materials. Such ornaments and processed items give
people aesthetic pleasure and increase their love for life. Hand painting by
our flower masters. jewelry, knives, embroidery, pottery, wood carving are
not only our historical, but also the historical and spiritual values of our
future generations, and are respected by our people and attract the attention
of visitors.
Taking into account the main socio-economic factors in the
development of handicraft production in Uzbekistan, a number of funds and
associations have been established to provide comprehensive support to
handicrafts. In particular, the restoration of tradition has become a natural
process for the preservation and development of national culture.
Accordingly, the traditional craft industry has been revived in order to
develop and improve the craft industry. Favorable conditions were created
for artisans, tax exemptions and financial support were provided. The main
attention paid to the labor activity and distribution relations of artisans in
the period under study also led to the formation of socio-economic
incentives in them business, entrepreneurship, home-based work, material,
material interests. In 2012-2016, the state's efforts to support the
restoration and development of handicrafts will continue in subsequent
years, creating favorable conditions for artisans. In particular, in accordance
with the Decree of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan dated
December 27, 2017 No PP-2899, the main areas of handicrafts, the range of
products produced by artisans increased from 25 to 34. At present, being
produced. New jobs have been created, the production of products from
local raw materials has been launched, and artisans have the opportunity to
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enter the world market with their products. Patterns of applied decorative
art are not only forms or ornaments, but also one of the important
ethnographic sources. Patterns are divided into geometric (handicraft),
plant (Islamic), zoomorphic (animal-shaped) and anthropomorphic
(human) patterns according to their characteristics [8.12]. In folk arts and
crafts, geometric (cosmogonic), zoomorphic, plant, object, atropomorphic
themes, especially zoomorphic images in patterns, are embodied as a “whole
divided into parts”. Zoomorphic patterns reflect stylistic images of real or
imaginary creatures (such patterns are also commonly referred to as “wild”
styles), which are especially common in the weaving, embroidery, jewelry,
and pottery of the southern regions. The potters of the Karshi oasis made
terracotta sculptures in zoomorphic and anthropomorphic forms [9.105].
Nowadays, such patterned images can also be observed in jewelry.
The human factor is important in the development of handicrafts and
has a special place in teacher-student relations [10.247]. Such traditions
have a place in the rise of handicrafts to the level of folk art. It mainly focuses
on the modernity, modernization of traditional and non-traditional arts, as
well as the harmony between them.
III. CONCLUSION.
Thus, during the years of independence, due to the revival of traditions
and increased attention to the national heritage, the attitude to crafts and
artisans has risen to the level of state policy. Particular emphasis was placed
on strengthening the legal framework of national handicrafts, and a number
of measures were taken to restore and develop it.
Refernces:
1. Decree of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan dated February
7, 2017 No. PF-4947 "On the Action Strategy for further development of the
Republic of Uzbekistan".
www.strategy.regulation.gov.uz
2. Davlatova S. “Uzbek traditional handicrafts in the context of historical
processes (on the example of the southern regions of Uzbekistan) ” - T .:
YANGI NASHR, 2018. - p.16.
3. Botirov I. Old Termez in historical sources. - T., 2010.
4. Tursunov S.N. others History of cultural and applied arts in the
southern regions of Uzbekistan. - Termez: Surkhan-nashr, 2017. - p. 266.
5. Berdiev.H and others. Scenes from the history of Surkhandarya. T.
"Light". Creative Production Association.1991. p.17.
6. Tursunov S. Rashidov Q. Boysun. T. "Akadem-Nashr". 2011. p.295.
7. PF-5242 of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan dated
November 17, 2017. www.lex.uz.
8. Gyul E. Cultural dialogue in the art of Uzbekistan. - Tashkent, 2005. -
p.12.
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9. Isomiddinov M.H, Yarkulov A.A “The history of Naxshab Crafts”-B.105.
10. Toynbee A. Understanding History. - M., 1991 .-p.247.
G'ayrat Mamarajabov, Termez State University, Senior Lecturer,
Department of Philosophy
Sevara Hasanova, student, Termez State University
CONTRIBUTIONS OF EASTERN THINKERS TO WORLD CIVILIZATION
G'. Mamarajabov, S. Hasanova
Abstract: This article deals with the enormous influence of our
civilization on the development of the peoples of the East, Arab culture and
Islamic philosophy. The establishment of states in its territory, which gained
relative independence from the Arab Caliphate, has reached new heights
due to the tolerance of our people. The article also says that our country has
become a major center of culture and science in the world. The ninth and
twelfth centuries were known as the Eastern Renaissance, during which
scholars al-Khwarizmi, Ahmad al-Farghani, Abu Nasr al-Farabi, Ibn Sina, and
Abu Rayhan al-Biruni worked in all fields of science.
Keywords: civilization, science, the process of cognition, the thinker, the
laws of medicine, Islamic philosophy.
I.
INTRODUCTION.
Today, the process of studying the unique contributions of Eastern
scholars, especially Islamic scholars, to world civilization is becoming more
important than ever. As our esteemed President Sh.M. Mirziyoyev said, there
is no other country with such a rich history and great scholars as our
ancestors. We need to study this heritage in depth and pass it on to our
people and the world. [1] The influence of our civilization on the
development of the peoples of the East, Arab culture and Islamic philosophy
was enormous. The establishment of states in its territory, which gained
relative independence from the Arab Caliphate, has reached new heights
due to the tolerance of our people. Cultural and spiritual progress in the
secular and religious spheres is a vivid example of this Renaissance. The
traditions of the Avesto, the achievements in the study of nature, the positive
developments in the humanities, have had a profound effect on the
development of the peoples of the East, Arab culture and Islamic philosophy.
At that time, the spiritual and intellectual prestige of our country grew in the
world. It has become a major cultural and scientific center in the world.[2]
