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5. Decree of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan No. UP5969 of
19 March 2020 "On the priority measures to mitigate the negative impact of
the coronavirus pandemic and global crisis phenomena on the economic
sectors". Available at: https://lex.uz/ru/docs/4770763.
8. https://e-cis.info/news/568/86834/
9. http://infoshos.ru/ru/?idn=24402.
10. http://ipem.ru
11.The Chinese authorities have supported road carriers in the
coronavirus. Information and analytical agency "SeaNews", 27.03.2020.
Available
at:
https://seanews.ru/2020/03/27/ru-vlasti-kitaja-
podderzhali-avtoperevozchikov-vuslovijah-koronavirusa/.
12. https://www.trend.az/azerbaijan/politics/3231853.html.
13. Ibragimova D.T. "Assessment of the impact of coronavirus pandemic
on the transport sector of Uzbekistan and measures to mitigate negative
consequences", collection of articles "Ensuring macroeconomic stability of
the new economy of Uzbekistan" in 2020.
Farrukh Madiev - teacher,
Sodiq Rahmonkulov - master,
Samarkand city, Samarkand State Institute of Architecture and
Construction,
STANDARDIZATION OF TRAFFIC
Farrukh Madiev, Sodiq Rahmonkulov
Abstract: To study the effect of the condition of the road environment or
the terrain on the aesthetic condition of the road in violation of the
ecological regularity of the construction and operation (use) of highways.
Keywords: Road, environment, traffic technology, ergonomics
We need to understand and feel that the road is a special part of the
human environment. As the basis of human evolution, highways are
primarily a means to an end.
But during human activity, almost half of the earth has become
uninhabitable. To illustrate this: How many natural landscapes have been
destroyed for agricultural development in the Neolithic period, how many
European forests have been burnt for land reclamation, how many irrigation
systems have been destroyed in the south? One of the main representatives
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of the ecological changes in Western Asia and, finally, the so-called scientific
and technological revolution of the XIX-XX centuries, the irreversible
environmental degradation on a global scale is the so-called
"communication corridor".
Mankind, which did not expect such drastic and dangerous changes, was
left with no more important task than to understand and analyze the
concepts of "environment" and "ecology" and to draw scientific conclusions.
Even in the field of architecture and construction, this concept is firmly
rooted and serves as a scientific and organizational basis for the
preservation of nature.
The construction and operation of highways play a key role in
disrupting the environment. that is, it damages the position of the
environment in space. As an engineering structure, space occupies a large
part of the natural environment and adorns the natural landscape we have
struck.
The above concepts primarily determine the effect of the condition of
the road environment or the terrain on the road directly on the aesthetic
condition of the road. With this in mind, the concept of the road environment
includes: the road, the factors that determine the nature of the landscape,
the natural, economic, cultural construction, as well as all the details of the
road area.
However, it should be noted that the road environment is very
important from an environmental point of view. that is, each path passes
through a specific landscape and consists of various natural elements. But
instead of the historical process, we all know that it is a stage in human life.
This means that no matter what the road environment is, the problem of
designing it to be more useful than harmful to human life will not go
unnoticed by any specialist in this field.
When analyzing a road from an engineering-aesthetic point of view, we
can see a continuous connection between its function (role) and its shape as
an object. The most prominent architects in history, Le Corbusier of France
and Louis Sullivan of the United States, have described it as follows:
1. A highway is a moving house for living.
2. On the highway, the form follows the function.
Indeed, in every age of technology, the shape of a road is closely linked
to its functional characteristics, such as purpose, character, and type of
communication. For example: caravan roads, state-owned courier roads,
roads for military operations, special state roads - each of which has its own
character and requires different attention to itself. attracted This type of
attention is based on the types of vehicles and the mode of movement. That
is why the type of traffic and its nature as a process of spatial time
measurement is called the technology of road availability.
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Of course, the fact that the technology of traffic has played a key role in
the origin of modern roads can be seen from the design decision, which is an
integral part of the road, to the number of roads it can withstand. This, in
turn, proves the connection between the technological and aesthetic
qualities of the road.
In particular, there are primary factors that cannot be ignored, i.e., the
fact that there is a factor influencing developmental activity between the
transport process system and its formal existence, which necessitates
scientific analysis.
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Figure 1/ New York city
The development of the road is usually considered in the form of work
performed in the "man-car-road" system, in which the man-driver
(operator) as the basis of labor activity, the car as a controlled object and
the road in turn is analyzed and studied as a field.
From an ergonomic point of view, the driver's place of work is not only
the car, but also the road itself. This means that the engineering-
psychological adaptation of the road environment must be provided by the
psychophysiological capabilities of the driver.
One of the most important factors of ergonomics is the creation of
transport communication, the organization of its spatial orientation, that is,
the creation of plan elements, longitudinal profile and their compatibility.
This in itself requires the study of the trajectory of motion, that is, the spatial
position of the trajectory in addition to the mode of motion.
One of the most important factors influencing the organization of spatial
communication is the rhythm of movement. This, in turn, includes the
repetition of factors of equal importance, such as the repetition of the speed
mode, the change of direction, the repetition of the movement, and the
repetition of the stop.
Therefore, the rhythm of the movement should be defined as a factor
that depends on the condition of the track, its geometric parameters.
Because the system of parking areas and rest areas is directly related to the
rhythm of movement. The same factors play a key role in the organization of
bus services, such as gas stations, motels, restaurants.
Thus, the requirements of automotive technology often determine the
spatial system of spatial communication and serve as a basis for the
formation of its aesthetic qualities.
When studying the highway as a communication phenomenon, we pay
more attention to the information received from the objects observed
around the road in question. Therefore, the condition of the highway space
includes observation of the traffic. At the same time, in the eyes of the driver,
the diversity of the environment sometimes appears, sometimes disappears,
sometimes changes, sometimes takes a completely different look. The same
process is the kinetic art of road architecture.
During movement, not only space but also time is deformed, which
means that as the speed increases, in the eyes of drivers and passengers, the
objects of the environment in a short time enlarge and continue in the
opposite direction.
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References:
1. Resolution of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan dated
February 14, 2017 "On measures to implement the program of development
of regional roads in 2017-2018";
2. On the basis of the data of the organization of use of territorial roads
"Samarkandavtoyol";
Saidova Navruza - teacher,
Farrukh Madiev - teacher,
Samarkand city, Samarkand State Institute of Architecture and
Construction,
LANDSCAPING IS A PRIORITY FOR DEVELOPMENT
Saidova Navruza, Farrukh Madiev
Abstract: Creating good conditions for recreation and work of cultural
and social services to the population, in solving these tasks, a comprehensive
study of the urban environment, new scientific and technical achievements
and engineering measures in the field of engineering beautification of urban
and rural areas Ensure that the solution is studied and taken into account.
Keywords: landscaping, urban planning, engineering, architecture,
settlements, landscaping.
In recent years, unprecedented creative and beautification work has
been carried out in our country. As a result of large-scale reconstruction,
buildings and structures have been erected in accordance with the rules of
modern urban planning, emdiving national and modernity. In urban and
rural construction, that is, in the creation of good conditions in urban areas,
in the construction and operation of healthy and economically viable cities
and villages, the improvement of urban and rural areas is one of the top
priorities. At the present time, during the development of the city (modern
"Tashkent city", "Samarkand city"), the operation of landscaped areas plays
an important role.
Based on the practice of urban planning in Uzbekistan and abroad, it is
considered by generalizing and analyzing the methods and principles of
organization of elements of landscaping and landscaping. Improving the
living conditions of the population, engineering equipment of the
population, an understanding of the transport system and facilities; , be able
to know and use building codes, urban planning rules, design urban
