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3.Williams M.C. What is the National Interest? The Neoconservative
Challenge in IR Theory // European Journal of International Relations. –
2005. – Vol. 11. – No.3. – P. 321.
4.Bolton J.R. The UN Crisis Is About More Than Money // Los Angeles
Times,
13.04.1997.
//
http://articles.latimes.com/1997-04-
13/opinion/op-48352_1_legitimacy-crisis
5. Schmitt G., Memorandum to: Opinion Leaders, Subject: NATO
enlargement. What is the «Threat?» // Project for the New American
Century, 13.10.1997. // http://www.newamericancentury.org/nato-
19971013.htm
6.Turaev, A. (2019). Islamic factor in neoconservative foreign policy of
the USA in the Middle East. Theoretical & Applied Science, (2), 175-178.
7. Turaev Abrar Salokhiddinovich, Abdusamadov Farrukh. (2020). The
Impact of Changes in Public Administration on the Development of
Neoconservative Ideas in the United States. International Journal of
Advanced Science and Technology, 29(3), 8104 - 8114.
Abrar Turaev, Senior Lecturer, Department of Social Sciences, Jizzakh State
Pedagogical Institute, Uzbekistan
THE IDEOLOGY OF NEOCONSERVATISM IN THE CLASSIFICATION OF
INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS
Abrar Turaev
Abstract: This article describes the role of the US ideology of
neoconservatism in the system of international relations, approaches to
national interests, the methodological basis of modern neoconservative
theories.
Keywords: U.S. neoconservatism, ideology, international relations,
national interests, security
U.S. neoconservatism incorporates elements of classical paradigms -
political realism and liberalism - in the theory of international relations.
Neoconservatism is a unique subjective reality in international relations and
world politics that defines the long-term and priority goals of the United
States in this area. In the foreign policy views of neoconservatives, the
process is characterized by a binary, two-way assessment (good-bad,
positive-negative), which is clearly reflected in foreign policy practice.
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At each stage of development of neoconservatism, as an ideological and
political system, new ideological and value elements are added by its
supporters without changing the basic principles.
According to the ideological views of neoconservatism on foreign policy
issues, international relations are in a state of anarchy, and the power factor
is decisive. International law and institutions are ineffective tools and can
also play a negative role in advancing national interests.
At the initial stage of the formation of neoconservative ideology, the
leading directions in the theory of international relations were the schools
of political realism and strategic analysis close to it. Proponents of the past
constructive approach oppose the view of the state as the sole subject of
study, as well as a number of key actors such as individuals, subnational
groups (political parties, media ...), nation-states, transnational groups and
NGOs, international organizations influencing the development of the global
political situation. separated. But, like political realism, neoconservatism
sees the nation-state as the main subject.
Unlike realists who base the system of stability and relations in
international relations on a "balance of power," neoconservatives seek to
articulate this issue through the ideology of "America's Choice" and the
universality of American socio-political principles.
The neoconservatives have emerged as supporters of a unipolar world
in terms of maintaining confidence in the possibility of building an
"American Age" or "Pax American." Neoconservatives oppose the idea of a
multipolar world and multipolarity. In their view, such a model of
international relations cannot be realistic and can only be a fictitious system.
All, except the United States, want equal cooperation in a multipolar world
without fees or responsibilities. No country is demonstrating its readiness
to take responsibility for managing global crises. In this context, the
multicenter world order is, according to neoconservatives, chaos, with little
chance of anyone answering. Only "Benevolent Hegemony" can keep the
world from "excessive" armaments, the rise of authoritarian regimes and the
formation of opposing blocs. According to them, "American hegemony is the
only and most reliable protection against the destruction of the
international order and the world (peace).
W. Kristol and R. Kagan developed these ideas, emphasizing that the
main goals of American foreign policy would not change even if the USSR did
not exist. Instead of waiting for the next serious threat, the United States
should rule out the possibility of its emergence. The main goal for the United
States is to maintain international order. Otherwise, such an order will be
established by other forces that do not represent the interests and values of
the United States. It is important to achieve such a goal. And that’s why it
sets long-term, community-building goals. From this it can be seen that in
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neoconservatism the issue of national interests is a priority attribute. In
political realism, national interests are democratized and based on rational
actions aimed at maintaining sovereignty and security.
The spread of democracy should serve as a basis for strengthening
international security.
Neoconservatives have been strongly opposed to entering into a
number of arms deals. This ranges from nuclear test ban treaties to medium-
and short-range missile limitation treaties. In general, neoconservatives
believe that U.S. security, in turn, relies on the U.S. armed forces, not on the
mirage of arms control. That is, in the anarchic context of international
relations, it makes no sense to reduce or limit U.S. military power. In turn,
U.S. neoconservatives support military cooperation, particularly military
blocs led by him. In this regard, Churchill's view that "sometimes, in
cooperation with the Allies, they also have personal views" and similar
approaches are in full harmony with the views of neoconservatism.
According to neoconservatives, NATO has the ability to perform many UN
functions. With the end of the Cold War, it became a central element of a
community of nations that united common political values. This military
bloc is proving to be the guarantor of the world order.
In general, after the Republican administration came to power,
neoconservatives began to argue that concepts such as “stability” and
“norm” and “good neighborliness” should not be given too much importance.
At the same time, they believe that in the modern world, mechanisms such
as "hold", "restriction", "realism", "collective security", "confidence building"
and "consensus" no longer work. In their view, all treaties and agreements
are aimed at limiting and controlling U.S. military forces.
Thus, the analysis shows that the principles of neoconservatism have
demonstrated the foundations of a specific integral security paradigm under
the influence of traditional realism and idealist approaches to security. That
is, in the structure of national interests, neoconservatives combined and
combined realistic elements (power, intervention) with idealistic elements
(character of political systems, values, ideas, commitment to historical
traditions, freedom). Idealistic elements undoubtedly take precedence in
their interpretation of national interests. Pursuing an idealistic policy leads
to the application of double standards. In particular, the United States has
sometimes turned a blind eye to violations of democratic values and human
rights when it is in its best interests. Moreover, the mere inculcation of
democratic ideas into the world through violence is itself incompatible with
democratic principles.
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References:
1.Kagan R. The Return of History and the End of Dreams. – New York:
Alfred A Knopf, 2008. – P. 3, 64.
2.Kristol W., Kagan R. Toward a Neo-Reaganite Foreign Policy //
Foreign
Affairs,
July/August
1996.
//
URL:
https://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/1996-07-01/toward-neo-
reaganite-foreign-policy
3.Kagan R. The Benevolent Empire // Foreign Policy, Summer 1998. //
URL:
https://carnegieendowment.org/1998/06/01/benevolent-empire-
4. Muhammadsidiqov, Muhammadolim (2018) "The influence of
“religious factor” on ethno-political and confessional conflicts in muslim
countries,"
The Light of Islam: Vol. 2018 : Iss. 1 , Article 18.
5. Turaev, A. S., & Ernazarov, A. A. (2015). Neoconservative approaches
of society reformation: democratization and ideology of hegemony. In The
Fourth International conference on development of historical and political
sciences in Eurasia (pp. 28-32).
Z.Zayniddinova, Teacher Samarkand State University
IMPROVING THE METHODOLOGICAL SUPPORT OF PRESCHOOL
EDUCATION
Z. Zayniddinova
Abstract: The article discusses the issues of improving the educational
and methodological support of preschool education. Today, the
development of preschool education is one of the most important issues for
ensuring the future of our youth.We need to develop children from an early
age. This article is useful for developing this area.
Keywords: Education, preschool education, upbringing, spiritual
education, methodology.
The physical and spiritual well-being of the young generation and the
responsibility of the education system also play an important role in the
development of society. The feasibility of this aspect is the key to the overall
development of society. This social-natural law has been relevant
throughout the history of mankind.Especially in modern globalized
information technology. This is based on improving the educational system,
methodological support, ensuring the spiritual and physical development of
the younger generation, a responsible person with high intelligence, rich
knowledge and experience. It is also clear that the dedicated and demanding
