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The form and content of shift schedules, providing visibility and ease of
use, are developed by the enterprise itself. However, calculations and
distribution of working hours should be made on the basis of the
requirements stipulated by the Labor Code.
References:
1.
Tsvetkova ES, Romantsova TI, Runova GE, Beliaev NS, Goldshmid AE.
The influence of shift work on metabolic health. Obesity and metabolism.
2019;16(3):11-19. doi: https://doi.org/10.14341/omet10015
2.
2. The Labor Code of the Republic of Uzbekistan. National Legislation
Database,
05/11/2019,
No.
03/19/536/3114,
05.24.2019,
No.
03/19/542/317, 12/04/2019, No. 03/19/586/4106) /
3.
3. Kostyuyina G.M. Flexible forms of employment: world experience
and practice of Singapore // Work abroad. -2004.-No. 2.-S.95-110.
4.
Gasanov M.Yu., Sarymsakova G.K. Legal regulation of working hours
and rest time. Tutorial. - T .: IPTD LLC âFuqarolik Zhamiyatiâ 2017. - P. 256.
Nadzhie Abrekova, Student (PhD), Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry,
Uzbekistan,
Nuria Beknazarova, Junior Researcher, Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry,
Uzbekistan
Farhod Atamuratov, Junior Researcher, Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry,
Uzbekistan,
Sardor Makhmudov, Student (PhD), Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry,
Uzbekistan,
Tokhir Khudoyberdiev, Junior Researcher, Institute of Bioorganic
Chemistry, Uzbekistan
Bahodir Sagdullaev, Doctor of Technical Sciences, Leading Researcher,
Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Uzbekistan
RESEARCH OF ACUTE TOXICITY AND MEDIUM-DEATH DOSE OF TANNINS
OF RUMEX CONFERTUS WILLD.
N. Abrekova, N. Beknazarova, F. Atamuratov, S. Makhmudov, T.
Khudoyberdiev, B. Sagdullaev
The purpose of this study was to determine the acute toxicity and
moderate lethal dose of tannins obtained from the roots and aerial parts of
the R. confertus Willd plant. Determination of acute toxicity and the average
lethal dose of the samples was carried out according to the method of
Litchfield and Wilcoxon. As a result of the studies, the death of animals in the
Scientific research results in pandemic conditions (COVID-19)
159
studied doses did not occur. The tested drugs belong to the IV class of low
toxic compounds. LD50 â¥5000 mg / kg.
Keywords: diarrhoea, Rumex confertus Willd., acute toxicity, tannins,
Litchfield and Wilcoxon method.
According to data from the World Health Organization (WHO) and
UNICEF, around 2 billion cases of diarrheal disease are reported annually
worldwide. Each year, 1.9 million children under 5 years of age die from
diarrhea, mainly in developing countries. Every child under the age of 5
suffers on average three episodes of acute diarrhea per year. Globally in this
age group, acute diarrhea is the second most common cause of death (after
pneumonia), and the frequency and risk of mortality from diarrheal diseases
is highest in this age group, especially in infancy - therefore, levels decrease
gradually with age [1, p. 3].
In folk medicine, infusions, decoctions and herbal solutions are often
recommended for the treatment of diarrhea. One of them is the plant Rumex
confertus Willd (horse sorrel), widely distributed in Uzbekistan. According
to the description of Avicenna, sorrel and its seeds are astringents and they
fix in chronic diarrhea [2, p. 186]. The antagonistic and hemostatic effect of
horse sorrel is explained by the content of tannins and vitamin K in it [3, p.
294].
The purpose of this study is to determine the acute toxicity of tannins
obtained from the roots and aerial parts of the plant R. confertus Willd. (No.
1 and No. 2, respectively). The more thoroughly studied animal toxicity, the
less adverse reactions can occur in clinical trials [4, p. 2].
The acute toxicity of samples No. 1 and No. 2 was determined by the
Litchfield and Wilcoxon method on white mice, males, weighing 22 ± 2.0 g,
6 animals in each group [5, p. 85]. Studies were performed on healthy
sexually mature animals (mice) that were quarantined for at least 10-14
days.
The test drugs were administered intragastrically, once with a special
probe in doses from 1000 to 5000 mg / kg, in the form of a 10-18% solution.
The animals were monitored hourly during the first day in the laboratory,
while survival rates during the experiment, general condition, possible
convulsions and death were used as indicators of the functional state of the
animals. Then, every day, for two weeks under vivarium conditions, animals
of all groups monitored the general condition and activity, behavior
patterns, frequency and depth of respiratory movements, condition of the
hair and skin, tail position, amount and consistency of fecal masses, and
frequency of urination, change in div weight and other indicators. All
experimental animals were kept in the same conditions and on a common
diet with free access to water and food. At the end of the experiment, the
Scientific research results in pandemic conditions (COVID-19)
160
average lethal dose (LD
50
) was calculated and the toxicity class was
determined.
The study of the general effect of samples No. 1 and No. 2 showed that
with the introduction of drugs in doses of 1000, 2000, 2500 and 3000 mg /
kg, the general condition of the animals did not change, the frequency and
depth of respiratory movements were within normal limits. With the oral
administration of compounds No. 1 and No. 2 at doses of 4000, 5000 mg /
kg, a slight tachycardia was observed for 20-25 minutes. As a result of the
studies, the death of animals in the studied doses did not occur. The
introduction of drugs in higher doses was technically impossible.
Table 1.
Acute Toxicity Results for Oral Mice
A drug
Animal
species
How to
enter
Animal
sex
Dose
mg /
kg
The
number
of
animals
in the
group
LD
10
-m+m
mg/kg
LD
16
-m+m
mg/kg
LD
50
-m+m
mg/kg
LD
84
-m+m
mg/kg
Sample
No. 1
Mice
Oral
Males
1000 6/0
â
â
â¥5000
â
2000 6/0
2500 6/0
3000 6/0
4000 6/0
5000 6/0
Sample
No. 2
Mice
Oral
Males
1000 6/0
â
â
â¥5000
â
2000 6/0
2500 6/0
3000 6/0
4000 6/0
5000 6/0
Thus, preparations No. 1 and No. 2 belong to the IV class of low toxic
compounds. LD
50
â¥5000 mg / kg.
References:
1. Acute diarrhoea in adults and children / Global Practical
Recommendations of the World Gastroenterological Organization (GGO),
Reviewed by: Farthing M., Salam M. et al. February 2012.
2. Halmatov Kh. Kh., Usmonkhodzhaev A. Kh., Makhsumov MI,
Akhmedov W. A. Atlas of medicinal plants of Uzbekistan. Tashkent, 2020. -
201 p.
Scientific research results in pandemic conditions (COVID-19)
161
3. Tlekhas G. I. Medicinal plants of the Orenburg region. Chelyabinsk,
South Ural Book Publishing House, 1974. - 355 p. silt
4. Guskova T. A. Preclinical toxicological study of drugs as a guarantee
of the safety of their clinical trials // Toxicological Bulletin, 2010. No. 5
(104), S. 2-6.
5. Belenky M. L. Elements of a quantitative assessment of the
pharmacological effect // L. Medgiz, 1963. - 146 p.
Xodjiakbar K. Alidjanov, Candidate of Medical Sciences, Head of
Department, Republican Specialized Center of Surgical Angioneurology,
Uzbekistan
Abdurasul A. Yulbarisov, Doctor of Medical Sciences, Deputy Director,
Republican Specialized Center of Surgical Angioneurology, Uzbekistan.
Rustam T. Muminov, Candidate of Medical Sciences, Vascular Surgeon,
Republican Specialized Center of Surgical Angioneurology, Uzbekistan.
Alimjon M. Axmatov, Candidate of Medical Sciences, Neurologist,
Republican Specialized Center of Surgical Angioneurology, Uzbekistan.
Victoria E. Tsay, Assistant of Department of faculty and hospital surgery
â1, Tashkent Medical Academy, Uzbekistan.
OUR EXPERIENCE ON SURGICAL TREATMENT OF PATIENTS WITH
MULTIPLE ATHEROSCLEROTIC LESIONS OF CAROTID ARTERIES
X.K. Alidjanov, A.A. Yulbarisov, R.T. Muminov, A.M. Axmatov, V.E. Tsay
Abstract: The objective of study was improvement of results of surgical
treatment of patients with bilateral atherosclerotic defeats of carotid
arteries. Studied results of treatment of 180 patients with bilateral
atherosclerotic defeats of the carotid arteries in 2014-2019 y. Patients were
divided into the first (60 patients) and the second (120 patients) groups
depending on tactic of surgical treatment. In the 1
st
group of patients: first
stage of CEA performed on the side with greater degree of stenosis and on
the side where stroke happened. Terms of СEA on the opposite side varied
from 2 weeks till 2 years. Complications in the 1
st
group were (5.0 %). At
patients of the second group was applied to revealing of carotid pool of
primary importance. To 120 patients performed 200 carotid
reconstructions. Performance terms of CEA on the opposite side varied from
45 days till 3 months. Total percentage of complications in the 2
nd
group was
1.7 %. It is important to do CEA stage by stage. According to our data it is
ideal to perform CEA on the opposite side in period from 2 to 3 months.
