The quality of the wool of dromedary camels in the conditions of Kyzyl-Kum (Nukus, Uzbekistan)

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Tleumuratov, A., & Turganbaev, R. (2022). The quality of the wool of dromedary camels in the conditions of Kyzyl-Kum (Nukus, Uzbekistan). Результаты научных исследований в условиях пандемии (COVID-19), 1(05), 79–83. извлечено от https://inlibrary.uz/index.php/scientific-research-covid-19/article/view/8454
Akylbek Tleumuratov, Tashkent State Agrarian University

Aspirant at the Nukus branch

Ruzimbay Turganbaev, Institute of Veterinary Medicine

Scientific adviser, doctor of agricultural sciences, professor of the Nukus branch of the Samarkand

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Аннотация

The article presents the results of a study of the quality of wool of dromedary camels in the conditions of Kyzyl-Kum in the Republic of Karakalpakstan depending on animal constitutions. The basic parameters of the quality of the wool were studied, such as density, fineness, length of wool fibers and conclusions have been drawn


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Tleumuratov. Akylbek. Kanalbaevich. Aspirant at the Nukus branch of

Tashkent State Agrarian University

Turganbaev. Ruzimbay. Urazbaevich. Scientific adviser, doctor of

agricultural sciences, professor of the Nukus branch of the Samarkand

Institute of Veterinary Medicine

THE QUALITY OF THE WOOL OF DROMEDARY CAMELS IN THE

CONDITIONS OF KYZYL-KUM (Nukus, Uzbekistan)

Tleumuratov. A, Turganbaev. R


Abstract: The article presents the results of a study of the quality of wool

of dromedary camels in the conditions of Kyzyl-Kum in the Republic of
Karakalpakstan depending on animal constitutions. The basic parameters of
the quality of the wool were studied, such as density, fineness, length of wool
fibers and conclusions have been drawn.

Keywords: wool, fluff, transitional hair, spine, density, fineness, length

of wool fibers.

Introduction. None of the types of farm animals so successfully combines

such qualities as high working capacity, meatiness, milk production,
wooliness and adaptability to harsh conditions of deserts and semi-deserts,
like a camel [1], therefore, to increase the production of cheap high-quality
meat, milk and wool these animals are bred in many countries of the world.
Camel husbandry is one of the main branches of livestock farming in the
Republic of Karakalpakstan, it is important in the development of vast desert
territories with a sharply continental climate, providing the local population
with food (meat, milk), and industry - raw materials (wool, leather). The
importance of camel breeding is especially enhanced due to the intensive
industrial development of the vast expanses of the Ustyurt Plateau (total
area of 7.5 million hectares) specifically because of the limited possibilities
for breeding dairy and beef cattle in this territory [4].

Wool has high thermal conductivity and moisture insulation properties,

and there has always been a great demand in the domestic and international
markets for this very raw material.

Studies [2], [5], [7], and others, established that, with proper

maintenance and care, camels grow well in desert and semi-desert
conditions, develop and produce high-quality products at their low cost. A
serious obstacle to the development of the camel husbandry is the neglect of
breeding work, throughout the whole industry in the Republic of
Karakalpakstan.

Breeding work is one of the largest factors in the matter of mass

improvement of the situation in camel breeding. Science has proven that
increasing the meat and wool productivity of camels by 25-30 percent
depends on the breeding work in the field and the breed of camels [6].


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In the Republic of Karakalpakstan, there is insufficient work to

qualitatively improve the composition of camels. In this case, it is necessary
to carry out a set of zoo technical measures that would contribute not only
to the numerical growth of camels - dromedaries, but also to improve its
breed qualities [4].

The aim of this work is to develop optimal methods for the production

of dromedary camel wool, which helps to increase their quality of wool of
different and constitutional types of animals.

Research material and methods: Wool samples were taken from three

animals of each group using a restrictive fork 4 cm2 in size. The natural
length of pigtails, downy layer and fineness of individual types of fibers was
determined according to the method of V.V. Kalinina. The experimental data
were processed on a computer using the STRAZ program and the method of
variation statistics described by N. A. Plokhinsky (1980).

The place research carried out. The research was started in 2018 at the

Nurtilek Karauzyak farm in the Karauzyak district of the Republic of
Karakalpakstan. The stock of camel farms is represented mainly by single-
humped camels and their hybrids. Animal farms are characterized by their
typicality, high adaptability to local natural and forage conditions, without
any special exterior flaws. The selection and formation of camels in groups
was carried out according to the principle of analogues taking into account
age (6-12 years), constitution (strong), live weight and div measurements
(average for the population). The initial selection of animals was carried out
from the number of one-humped in March 2018 from the number of camels
which newly gave birth. Selected mother camels and other camels were
marked with special paint and experimental groups were formed.

The object of the study was purebred one-humped camels of different

constitutional types of animals.

Climatic and vegetation characteristics. According to the data of the

«Buzubai» weather stations, the pasture territory of the farm where the
scientific work was carried out is located in the north-eastern part of Kyzyl
Kum and is characterized by a sharply continental climate. The
Karakalpaksky part of Kyzyl Kum is located in the territories of two
republics - Kazakhstan, and Uzbekistan. It is characterized by a specific
climate. Summer is hot and dry, winters are not snowy with frosty and cold
northeasterly winds. The coldest months are January, February. The average
monthly temperature is -12.9 -15.0 ° C, and the hottest is July + 30 ° C. On
the hottest days, the temperature can rise to + 47 ° C., And in winter drop to
- 30 ° C. The average annual rainfall is 90-120 mm. The period with snow
cover in the year is 25-30 days. The thickness of the snow cover varies from
8 to 12 cm, and in some years it can be thicker. The average relative humidity
in the summer is 20%, in the spring 30-40%, and in the winter 70-80%. The


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number of days in a year with a relative humidity of 50% or less is on
average 120-150 days.

The pasture is drought-tolerant, salt-tolerant, grass in the southern part,

mainly consists of ephemera, ephemeroids, wormwood, hodgepodge and
cereal vegetation. In the northern part, the most common are hodgepodge,
legume, saxaul, etc. Their productivity largely depends on the amount of
precipitation and can range from 1.2 to 10.0 c / ha. In the pasture territory,
water sources are uneven, water is mainly slightly saline 3-5 g / l. The best
pastures are located in areas adjacent to the Aral Sea and here the yield
reaches up to 10 c / ha. The total area of the plateau is divided into ten
massifs, which are characterized by the peculiarity of soils, vegetation by the
presence of water sources, and with this in mind, they are seasonally used
in animal husbandry.

The results of the study. Camel wool is heterogeneous, in morphological

terms, consists of fibers of fluff, transitional hair and spinal wool. The
content and density of these fibers in the coat of the skin is due to overgrown
animals and the economic value of camel hair. Camel hair has a high heat-
insulating and waterproof ability. The morphological structure of the coat of
camels is subject to high variability. It depends on the species, breed, and
gender, and age, physiological condition of the animals, season and region of
the animal. Each individual animal of one herd according to the
morphological composition of the coat and growth can be very different
from other animals.

The wool quality indicators are shown below in the following table -1
Table 1
Quality indicators of fluff wool of a camel

Animal constitution

Fluff
Density,%

Fineness, mk

Length, cm

Gentle

86,5

14,0

4,0

Strong

87,4

15,0

6,0

Rough

87,2

15,0

6,0


An analysis of the data given in Table 1 shows that the conditions of the

type of constitution of the mother camel are mainly influenced by the
quantitative indicators of wool-length, and such indicators as the
quantitative ratio of individual fiber types, while fiber fineness remain
practically unchanged.


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Table 2
Quality indicators of transitional hair of camel

Analysis of tables 2 and 3 shows that the length of the fluff in the strong

constitution of animals was one and a half times longer than in the gentle
type of constitution. The difference in the length of the transitional hair
between the strong constitution and the gentle constitution was 20.6 and
21.9 percent, respectively the length of the core fibers, this difference was
16.6 percent in favor of a strong type of constitution.

Table 3
Quality indicators of the spinal wool of camel

Animal constitution

Ость
Density, %

Fineness, mk

Length, cm

Gentle

5,0

56,0

12,0

Strong

4,3

58,0

14,0

Rough

4,2

56,0

14,0


Thus, the analysis of the results of studies on the quality of mother camel

wool of different types of constitution shows that an improvement in their
feeding conditions has a positive effect on their wool productivity, while an
increase in haircuts is due to lengthening of the wool fibers, which
accordingly leads to an increase in their cuts.

Conclusions. The results of a study of the quality of wool of a single-

humped mother-camel are given below.

1. Obtaining the largest amount of wool requires paying attention to the

age of animals and the constitutional type of dromedary camels.

2. The quality of the wool of a mother camel is directly dependent on the

constitution of animals, since in a strong and rough type of constitution, one-
humped mother camel exceeded the tender constitution of animals with
their peers.


References:
1.

Baimukanov A.B. Actual issues of camel breeding (Bulletin of

agricultural science of Kazakhstan, Alma-ata, (1982)

2.

Baimukanov A.B. Instructions for rating camels. Moscow, 1985.S. - 1 -

21.

Animal consititution

Transition hair
Density, %

Fineness, mk

Length, cm

Gentle

8,5

38,0

10,5

Strong

8,3

39,0

12,6

Rough

8,6

39,0

12,8


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83

3.

Dzhumagulov I.K. Interspecific hybridization of camels. «Kaynar»

Publishing House, Alma-ata, 1969.

4.

Eshmuratova S.T. «Tuya suti» (Camel Milk), J. Agriculture of

Uzbekistan, Tashkent, № 3, 2006, pages 25-26.

5.

Jumagulov I. Kulieva V.A. «Otkorm verblyudov arvana» Journal of

agricultural economy of Turkmenistan, 1980, 4. 19-20.

6.

MusakaraevT, Saparov K. “The state and prospects of camel breeding”

Journal of Agriculture of Turkmenistan, 1986, No. 6, pp. 21-22.

7.

Sokratyants Yu.S., Toshev K.I., Atakurbanov F.I. The state of camel

breeding in Uzbekistan. Materials of the international scientific and practical
conference "Problems of grazing and desert ecology." Samarkand, 2000.



Sabohat Sultanova, doctoral student, Tashkent State University of Law,

Uzbekistan

THE ESSENCE OF NEW APPROACHES IN THE LAWMAKING ACTIVITY OF

THE REPUBLIC OF UZBEKISTAN

Sultanova S.

Abstract: This article provides a brief overview of the concept of “smart

regulation” used in the lawmaking of many developed countries to improve
the quality of legislation. The essence of the Concept of improving
lawmaking activity adopted in the Republic of Uzbekistan to improve the
efficiency of legislation is revealed.


Legal acts adopted in any country certainly create a legal framework for

various spheres of public life. However, domestic and international law
enforcement practice shows that normative fixing of certain requirements
is not enough. The most crucial point is for legislation to be effective.

It is in order to make legal acts effective in the 1980-1990s. in Western

countries, the concept of “evidence-based lawmaking” was launched. This
idea was to overcome the traditional “theoretical and legal approach” to
legislative activity, in which “the differences between legal norms,
legislation, on the one hand, and social reality, on the other, are ignored, and
there is no reaction to impulses from social problems” [1, с.132].

The concept of “evidence-based lawmaking” is in turn based on

“evidence-based evaluation”. Researchers believe that the idea of the need
to assess state regulation developed in connection with what happened in
the economically developed countries of the West in the 1980-1990s. public

Библиографические ссылки

Baimukanov А.В. Actual issues of camel breeding (Bulletin of agricultural science of Kazakhstan, Alma-ata, (1982)

Baimukanov A.B. Instructions for rating camels. Moscow, 1985.S. -1 -21.

Dzhumagulov I.К. Interspecific hybridization of camels. «Kaynar» Publishing House, Alma-ata, 1969.

Eshmuratova S.T. «Tuya suti» (Camel Milk), J. Agriculture of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, № 3,2006, pages 25-26.

Jumagulov I. Kulieva V.A. «Otkorm verblyudov arvana» Journal of agricultural economy of Turkmenistan, 1980,4.19-20.

MusakaraevT, Saparov K. "The state and prospects of camel breeding" Journal of Agriculture of Turkmenistan, 1986, No. 6, pp. 21-22.

Sokratyants Yu.S., Toshev K.I., Atakurbanov F.I. The state of camel breeding in Uzbekistan. Materials of the international scientific and practical conference "Problems of grazing and desert ecology." Samarkand, 2000.

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