The role of tolerance in the social and spiritual life of Uzbekistan (on the example of the medieval)

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Odilov, A. (2022). The role of tolerance in the social and spiritual life of Uzbekistan (on the example of the medieval) . Результаты научных исследований в условиях пандемии (COVID-19), 1(05), 130–132. извлечено от https://inlibrary.uz/index.php/scientific-research-covid-19/article/view/8518
A Odilov, National University of Uzbekistan

Candidate of Historical Sciences, Associate Professor Faculty of History

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Аннотация

For centuries, the territory of our country has been located at the crossroads of East and West trade and economic relations, and in turn, the ideas of different ethnic groups and religions have entered this land. In the socio-spiritual life of the Middle Ages, in turn, these circumstances led to the assimilation of the ideas of tolerance into the way of life of the population. This article for the first time analyzes the issue of ethnic and inter-religious tolerance in the socio-spiritual life of the country in the Middle Ages

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A.A.Odilov, Candidate of Historical Sciences, Associate Professor National

University of Uzbekistan, Faculty of History

THE ROLE OF TOLERANCE IN THE SOCIAL AND SPIRITUAL LIFE OF

UZBEKISTAN (ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE MEDIEVAL)

A. Odilov

Abstract: For centuries, the territory of our country has been located at

the crossroads of East and West trade and economic relations, and in turn,
the ideas of different ethnic groups and religions have entered this land. In
the socio-spiritual life of the Middle Ages, in turn, these circumstances led to
the assimilation of the ideas of tolerance into the way of life of the
population. This article for the first time analyzes the issue of ethnic and
inter-religious tolerance in the socio-spiritual life of the country in the
Middle Ages.


Keywords

: population, country, socio-spiritual life, Middle Ages


The Uzbek people, with its glorious historical past, millennial statehood

traditions, rich cultural heritage and spiritual values, is distinguished among
the peoples of the world by its unique spiritual and moral principles.

The role of the territory of our country in the geopolitical arena, located

at the crossroads of Eastern and Western trade routes, the combination of
different cultures, ideologies and religions for centuries has directly affected
the lifestyle, behavior and worldview of the people who lived and worked
here. Natural-geographical changes, various invasions and invasions also
undoubtedly had an impact on the above-mentioned issue.

As a result, the people of the region are deeply rooted in the qualities of

patience, tolerance, endurance, tolerance, broad-mindedness and
benevolence towards different groups, peoples and religions. For the hard-
working and industrious peoples and nations living in the territory of our
country, creative ideas have always served as a program.

In the Middle Ages, philosophical views in the East, the humanistic ideas

of Islam had a huge impact on the formation of the spiritual image of the
population. The principle of tolerance is reflected in the essence of Islam,
and the fact that during the Middle Ages there were no conflicts on any
religious grounds, the fight against other religions was at the level of state
policy is a practical confirmation of the above.[1, p.20]

The progressive and tolerant ideas of Islam are directly reflected in the

activities and creativity of a number of great people, scholars, theologians
and others who grew up in our country. In particular, Imam Moturudi - in
the science of aqeedah, the great muhaddith - Imam Bukhari in the science
of hadith, Burhaniddin Marginoni - in fiqh, Abu Lays Samarkandi - in the


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science of tafsir, Ahmad Yassavi - in mysticism propagated the ideas of
religions, peoples, inter-citizen tolerance, solidarity and harmony.

The principle of tolerance also had its philosophical significance in the

works of medieval oriental scholars - Abu Rayhan Beruni, Abu Nasr al-
Farabi, Ibn Sina, Mahmud az-Zamahshari. This principle served as an
integral part of the domestic and foreign policy of the state during the reign
of Amir Temur and the Temurids. This can be seen in the "Statutes of
Temur", the views of Mirzo Ulugbek, the activities of Sultan Hussein
Boykaro, the work of Alisher Navoi, the policy pursued by Zahiriddin
Muhammad Babur and the Baburis.

The struggle against heresy in medieval Europe, the religious tolerance

that prevailed in the land of Movarounnahr at a time when the Inquisition
was dominant, and the opening of the way for the development of a
philosophical-scientific worldview are undoubtedly unique. In this regard, it
is necessary to acknowledge the following historical fact.

In other words, the land of Movarounnahr is a land of tolerance in the

social and spiritual life of the Middle Ages. The scientific community of the
XXI century rightly acknowledges that this country has put into practice the
principle of tolerance towards other peoples, nations and religions. It should
also be noted that the ideas of religious tolerance existed in the first half of
the XVII-XIX centuries, which was later a period of backwardness and
depression.

The socio-political and economic changes that took place in the world

at the end of the twentieth century further advanced the process of
globalization. As a result, instead of the "cold war", the struggle between
ideologies and systems, terrorism, extremism, drug addiction, universal
values in the socio-traditional sphere, the institution of the family, "mass
culture" began to enter the minds and lifestyles of young people.

Various conflicts on racial, religious, territorial, ethnic and other

grounds have started to escalate in the world. At the same time, there was a
growing need for reconciliation, tolerance and solidarity with people of
different languages, religions, races and genders.

In view of the above considerations and the relevance of the issue in the

global context, on November 16, 1995, UNESCO adopted the "Declaration of
Principles of Tolerance". The Declaration was signed by 185 countries,
including Uzbekistan. This aspect serves as an ideological and
methodological basis for the prevention and elimination of all forms of
discrimination against any religious, ethnic, human, groups, extremist,
terrorist ideas and practices around the world.

The priority of the ideas of tolerance in the field of social and spiritual

life, in particular, in ensuring mutual friendship, harmony, nations, citizens,


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inter-religious harmony, is reflected in a number of speeches of President
Mirziyoyev, including a speech from the UN rostrum. [2, p.1-2]

In his speech at the UN General Assembly, President Mirziyoyev

stressed the need for the world community to take a step towards the idea
of "enlightenment and religious tolerance" in the context of globalization. As
noted above, the fact that the land of Uzbekistan has long been a country
where the principle of tolerance has been established, and this tradition
continues in the XXI century, was recognized in August 2018 at an
international conference on religious tolerance in New York. More than 80
countries participating in the conference recognized the experience of
Uzbekistan in the field of tolerance. In this regard, it is worthwhile to draw
the reader's attention to the factors that have influenced the decision of the
principle of tolerance in the territory of our country.

References:

1.Buryakov Yu. Stanovlenie xristianstva v Sredney Azii (po pismennym

i veshchestvennym istochnikam) // Russkaya pravoslavnaya tserkov v
Sredney Azii. 140 years. Dobrososedstva with Islam. Materials mejd.konf.-
Tashkent, 2011. - P.20-21.

2.Speech of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan Sh.M.Mirziyoev

at the 72nd session of the UN General Assembly // People's speech,
September 20, 2017.




K.D.Saipova, Candidate of Historical Sciences, Associate Professor

National University of Uzbekistan, Faculty of History

CARE FOR EVACUATED CHILDREN

K.D.Saipova

Abstract: in this article, the author closes the concern for evacuated

children from frontline territories that were evacuated to the territory of
Uzbekistan during the Second World War. The republic rendered great
assistance in accepting and accommodating evacuated children, providing
them with first aid, and opening orphanages. In August 1941, trains with an
evacuated population began to arrive in Uzbekistan, the Council of People's
Commissars of the Republic adopted a resolution on the organization of a
commission for their reception and arrangement. Residents of the republic
showed great care for them, helped with housing, food, clothing. Particular
attention was paid to evacuated children who lost their parents. The
republic accepted in the autumn of 1941 one and a half million evacuated.
Among them, 200 thousand children, half of whom were orphans.

Библиографические ссылки

Buryakov Yu. Stanovlenie xristianstva v Sredney Azii (po pismennym i veshchestvennym istochnikam) // Russkaya pravoslavnaya tserkov v Sredney Azii. 140 years. Dobrososedstva with Islam. Materials mejd.konf.-Tashkent, 2011.-P.20-21.

Speech of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan Sh.M.Mirziyoev at the 72nd session of the UN General Assembly // People's speech, September 20, 2017.

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