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crossing is a simpler and more economical means of increasing the attention
of drivers as they approach the crossing. At the same time, more favorable
conditions for movement are provided, as well as a sufficiently high level of
hazard warning.
Thus, the implementation of the proposed measures will increase the
level of road safety in the zone of railway crossings by improving their
designation on the section of the road network, advance warning of road
users about the danger, equipping devices that exclude unauthorized
departure of vehicles on the move when approaching it rolling stock of
Railways and increasing the quality requirements for the maintenance of
roads and streets in the zone of crossings. The inclusion of outdoor lighting
at low-activity railway crossings located outside cities and towns at the time
of the train's entry into the approach section will improve the economic
performance of such road network facilities.
References :
1.Vrubel, Yu. A. Organization of traffic: at 2 p.m. / Yu. A. Vrubel. -
Minsk: Belarusian Foundation for Road Safety, 1996. - Part 2. - P.
123¬126
2. Schroder, F. Das Sicherheitsprogramm 2003 der DB AG / F.
Schroder, W. Schafer // Deine Bahn. - 2003. - No. 6. -P. 323-327.
3. Technical means of traffic management. Rules of use: STB 1300-
2002. -Minsk: NP RUE BelGISS, 2002. - 95 p.
Turganbaev P .U
1
., Astankulov A.F
1
., Ospanov Ð. Ð.,
2
Bekbaev X . A .
2
1
Nukus branch of Samarkand Institute of Veterinary Medicine
2
Nukus branch of the Tashkent State Agrarian University.
(Nukus, Uzbekistan)
ADAPTIVE FEATURE OF THE SHEEP OF THE KARAKALPAK SURA TO DRY
CLIMATES
Turganbaev P .U., Astankulov A.F., Ospanov Ð. Ð., Bekbaev X . A .
Abstract: the article presents the results of the study of the main
defining signs of breeding Karakul sheep of the Karakalpak sura. The
optimal criterion was determined for the distribution of experimental lambs
of different colors according to adaptive types, classiness, and the width and
length of curls of Karakul sheep of the Karakalpak type suras.
Key words: Karakalpak sur, colors, adaptive type, classiness, curl width,
curl length.
Scientific research results in pandemic conditions (COVID-19)
14
Introduction: Currently, more than 500 sheep breeds of various
directions of productivity are bred in the world, their total number today is
about 1.25 billion heads of sheep, and only one Karakul breed is capable of
producing amazingly beautiful and graceful lamb skins, among which the
most original are the skins of the coloring of suras of the Karakalpak breed
type.
Today, Karakul sheep are raised in more than 50 countries of the world,
their total number is more than 30 million.
Due to the very high viability and adaptability of Karakul sheep, the
rational use of the extreme conditions of pastures in these countries is
ensured and makes it possible to improve the social and material situation
of the population living in these regions. On a global scale, the demand for
original colored karakul is growing in the foreign and domestic market. [2;
S.13-20].
For this reason, the primary task for the karakul breeders of the
Republic of Karakalpakstan is to conduct scientific research to satisfy the
demand of the population for karakul pelts and karakul products aimed at
maximizing the specific gravity of obtaining lambs of original, valuable
colors and on the rational use of breeding sheep. [9; P.164].
The purpose of the research is to investigate scientifically based
methods and techniques for breeding Karakul sheep of the Karakalpak Sura,
to identify important breeding traits for selection, inherent in each color.
The object of the research was purebred Karakul sheep with colorful
wools of Karakalpak breed type, lambs of different ages, and Karakul pelts.
Research Methodology. The feeding qualities of the lambs were
evaluated at birth by individual scoring at 1-3 days of age in accordance with
the instructions for scoring with the basics of breeding (T. 2015). A scented
description of karakul on lambs and pelts was selectively carried out in
accordance with the recommendations of the scientific research institute
(according to R. T. Pissmennaya and M. D. Zakirov, 1963). The resulting
digital material was processed by methods of variation statistics [4C.7-45].
Climatic pasture characteristics place of research. Of the total area of
Kyzyl Kum, 20 million hectares, the Karakalpak part in the northwest of the
massif occupies about three million hectares. [4; S.417-420].
Kyzyl Kum is a vast plateau 200-350 meters high above sea level,
overlain by hilly and ridged sands. Their soil is sandy and desert gray soils
and takir-like on the plains with a total feed capacity of about 4.0 million
centners of hay per year [3; P.48-50]. The climate of the desert is sharply
continental. The average annual air temperature in Kyzylkum is about 11 °
C. The absolute maximum temperature reaches 40-44 ° C, the absolute
minimum â27 ° C, -32 ° C. The amount of precipitation does not exceed 100
mm. Duration without a frost period is 196 days [9; P.164].
Scientific research results in pandemic conditions (COVID-19)
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The entire territory of the Karakalpak Kyzyl Kum, according to the type
of plant groupings, is divided into a number of districts. In the mountainous
regions - Sultan - Waisa, vegetation is very poor, both in the number of
species and in the number of individuals, and is represented mainly by types
of xerophilous shrubs. The leading plants of this region are wormwood,
kurchat, ephedra, as an impurity in the cover, the grasses of bluegrass are
involved, the ephemeral-ephemeroid cover forms the basis of fodder stocks
for karakul breeding of the sand desert. The Bukhara highlands â the main
plant groups are wormwood and wormwood âshrub thickets: wormwood,
fluffy hodgepodge - keireuik, annual ephemera, boyalash, teresken and
others. In these areas, the crop yield does not exceed 1.0 - 2.5 c / ha.
Areas of salted basins are richer in hodgepodge, like biiyurgun, sarsazan
and dwarf saxaul (Arthrophytum Litwinovi). Most of the Karakalpak
Kyzylkum area covers sandy areas where wormwood, black and sand
Helaxylon, dzhuzgun, rank, selets, ephemera, moss, koyan suyak
(Ammodendron Conollyi), and cereal in seleu (Aristida Karelini) are
widespread.
In the northwestern part of the Karakalpak Kzylkum, in the region of
ancient alluvial deposits, which occupies huge lowlands, the main
background of the vegetation of the pastures forms Anabasis salsa. A few
annual hodgepodge and ephemera, as well as wormwood and black saxaul,
are mixed with it.
Research results. Based on a comprehensive study of the Karakul sheep
of the Karakalpak breed suras of the breed type, available colors, their main
breeding characteristics and qualitative indicators for the selection of
animals, as well as evaluation criteria for the lambs of each color, which will
be used in breeding and selection to create a population of sheep of valuable
color, are determined. The results of the study of the adaptive type of lambs
of different colors of the Karakalpak sura are given in table-1.
Table 1
Dry climate adaptive type of lambs of different colors of Karakalpak sura,%.
Colors
Number of
animals
Jacket
Jugate
Flat
Caucasian
X±Sx
Shamchirak-
gul
110
67,3±4,1 4,5±0,9
12,7±2,6 15,5±2,7
Uryuk-gul
129
65,9±3,2 6,2±1,2
15,5
±3,0
12,4 ±2,5
Pulaty-sur
80
61,3±2,7
11,3
±2,0
18,7
±3,4
8,7 ±1,.9
Kamar:
Red
66
46,9±1,5 6,1±1,1
31,8±4,3 15,2±2,7
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Dark
35
48,6±1,7
14,2
±2,6
22,6±3,8 14,6±2,5
Light colored
43
53,4±2,1 14,3±2,7 20,7±2,5 11,6±2,2
Shabdar
25
60,0±2,7 12,0±2,3
16,0
±2,3
12,0±2,1
Chakyr
25
56,0±2,3 16,0±1,7 12,0±2,0 16,0±1,9
Black
colored
108
55,6±2,1 19,4±1,9 14,8±2,6 10,2±1,8
The data in table 4.2.1. show that the bulk of the lambs of the desired
colors (shamchyrak-gul, uryuk-ghul, pulat-sur and Kamar red) are of the
jacket type. Among the animals, the colors of the shamchirak-gul of the
jacket type (67.3 ± 4.1) are significantly higher in comparison with the
Kamar red (46.9 ± 1.5), which is - 20.4%, and the yield of Caucasian type
lambs is approximately the same . The proportion of jugate-flat types in the
offspring of the shamchirak-gul color is 17.2%, and in the color of the Kamar
red is 20.7% more, due to a decrease in the jacket-type lambs. The animal
colors of Uryuk-gul and Pulat-sur occupied an intermediate position,
between the colors of Shamchirak-gul and Kamar (red). And among the
lambs, the less valuable colors of the jacket type were significantly less.
The class of sura lambs was established during the assessment
(scoring), taking into account, first of all, the severity, contrast and uniform
coloring and colors, the quality of curls and hair, the constitution and
development of animals. The class of lambs of the Karakalpak-type suras is
shown in Table-2.
Table 2
The class of lambs of the Kara-Kalpak type sur, %
Colors
Number
of animals
Elite
Class I
Class II
Unfit
X±Sx
Shamchira
k-gul
110
14,5±1,
3
51,8±3,
8
28,1±2,
1
5,6±0,8
Uryuk-gul
129
10,9±1,
1
49,6±3,
6
31,0±2,
3
8,5±1,0
Pulaty-sur
80
16,2±1,
7
47,5±2,
9
32,5±2,
5
3,8±0,6
Kamar:
Red
66
9,1±0,8
43,9±1,
8
37,8±2,
1
9,2±1,3
Scientific research results in pandemic conditions (COVID-19)
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Dark
35
2,9±0,4
42,8±1,
6
48,6±3,
4
5,7±1,0
Light
colored
43
2,3±0,3
41,8±1,
4
44,3±3,
1
11,6±1,7
Shabdar
25
-
48,0±1,
7
36,0±2,
3
16,0±2,4
Chakyr
25
-
48,0±1,
9
40,0±2,
6
12,0±2,1
Black
colored
108
12,9±1,
3
50,9±3,
7
32,6±1,
9
3,6±0,6
As the data in table 4.2.2 show the largest number of lambs of the elite
and first class (66.3%) was among the animals of Shamchirak-gul, this
indicator in lambs of Uryuk-gul-60.5%, colors of the pulatн-sur-63.7% and
then Kamar red-53.0 %.
Lambs of undesirable colors have a specific gravity of rejects of
adaptation for a significant amount greater than light Kamar (11.6 ± 1.7),
shabdar (16.0 ± 2.4) and chakyr (12.0 ± 2.1). In general, the obtained data
on the class of lambs fully confirm the results of studies on the main dry
climate adaptive indicators for coloring suras - the severity, contrast and
evenness of colors and indicate relatively high wool qualities of lambs of the
Karakalpak breed type of sheep. The results of studying the size of curls in
lambs of the Kamar color (red, dark and light), depending on the type of
wool, are shown in table-3.
Table 3
The size of curls in lambs of Kamar coloring (red, dark and light) depending
on the wool type, mm.
Wool
type
Red n=66
Dark n=35
Light n=43
width
length
width
length
width
lenght
X±Sx
Jacket
9,2±0,37 26,5±0,6
1
9,7±0,23 28,1±0,8
7
8,9±0,24 25,1±0,1
9
Jugate
10,3±0,3
5
25,9±0,7
8
10,4±0,2
7
26,5±0,6
9
9,4±0,17 24,9±0,1
6
Flat
9,6±0,29 28,4±0,8
1
9,9±0,31 29,7±0,9
3
9,3±0,29 25,9±0,2
5
Caucasia
n
9,3±0,24 23,1±0,6
9
9,6±0,27 23,5±0,5
4
9,1±0,23 22,8±0,1
3
In the
middle
9,6±0,32 25,9±0,7
2
9,9±0,27 26,9±0,7
3
9,2±0,22 24,6±0,1
7
Scientific research results in pandemic conditions (COVID-19)
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It is difficult to talk about any regularity (table-3.) by the width of the
curl of each wool type of all colors, it is essentially absent, and the differences
are statistically unreliable.
The data on the length of the curl (valka) to some extent confirm the
results of other studies on Karakul black lambs. Relatively long curls are
characteristic of animals of jugate and flat types, short ones are
characteristic for lambs of the Caucasian wool type, individuals of a jacket
type have an average size.
In general, no significant differences were observed in terms of the size
(width, length) of the curl between the lambs of the studied colors of the
Karakalpak sura. They are more characteristic of the average (width) size
(8.9-10.4 mm.) of the curl, short and medium in length of the roller. The
obtained measured indicators of curls confirm the distribution of the
experimental groups of lambs of the studied colors.
Conclusions. Thus, analyzing the research results, it should be noted that
the darker the karakul fur, the greater the number of valuable wool types.
The results of the study show that, excessive lengthening of the hair length
of the hair loses the quality of wool.
It is necessary to pay attention in the breeding process to the length and
width of the size of the curls in the lambs, the coloring of the Kara-Kalpak
type suras.
Reference:
1. Ðалиев У. Ð. ÐаÑакÑлеводÑÑво в ÐÑганиÑÑане. ÐолоÑ: ÐоÑква,
1980, 13-20.
2. ÐигинейÑвили
Ð.С.
ÐлеменнаÑ
ÑабоÑа
в
ÑвеÑном
каÑакÑлеводÑÑве. ÐоÑква: ÐолоÑ, 1976, Ñ.48-50.
3.ÐжÑманиÑзов Ю.Ð. ÐаÑакалпакÑкий ÑÑÑ Ð¸ меÑÐ¾Ð´Ñ ÐµÐ³Ð¾ ÑазведениÑ.
ÐаÑеÑÐ¸Ð°Ð»Ñ Ð¸ ÑекомендаÑии на ÑлÑÑÑение племенного дела в
живоÑноводÑÑве. ÐоÑква: ÐолоÑ, 1966, 417-420.
4. ÐÐ»Ð¾Ñ Ð¸Ð½Ñкий Ð.Ð, Ð ÑководÑÑво по биомеÑÑии Ð´Ð»Ñ Ð·Ð¾Ð¾ÑÐµÑ Ð½Ð¸ÐºÐ¾Ð²
Ðзд.: «ÐолоÑ», 1969, 7-45.
5. ТÑÑганбаев Ð .У ÐаÑакалпакÑий поÑоднÑй Ñип каÑакÑлÑÑÐºÐ¸Ñ Ð¾Ð²ÐµÑ
окÑаÑка ÑÑÑ. //ÐоногÑаÑиÑ.- ТоÑкенÑ, 2012,-Ð.164.
D. Juraeva, PhD student of scientific research institute of animal husbandry
and poultry farming Republic of Uzbekistan
O.Turaev - candidate of agricultural sciences. Head of department
Beekeeping of a scientific research institute of animal husbandry and
