Scientific research results in pandemic conditions (COVID-19)
72
Farida Kuldasheva â PhD student of Tashkent State Agrarian University
T.Ahmedov - researcher of scientific research institute of animal husbandry
and poultry farming Republic of Uzbekistan
COMPARATIVE ASSESSMENT OF HONEY BEES IN UZBEKISTAN
F. Kuldasheva
Abstract: results of comparative assessment of honey bees of different
breeds bred in Tashkent region are presented. Studies were carried out on
the apiary of the farm "Kodirkhuja ota" of the Kibrai district of Tashkent
region.
Keywords: morphometric feature, exterior, cubital index, living mass,
local population, egg production, acclimatization, aboriginal.
Introduction. Currently, almost every region of Uzbekistan can find bees
of non-zoned breeds that cannot fully show their economically useful
qualities due to climatic and medical harvesting conditions [1].
Analyzing the results of acclimatization of bees in different regions, we
came to the conclusion that success depends on the bee breed and is
primarily determined by the physiological possibility of bee families [2].
To date, apiaries of the republic are bred on a number of native breeds
by imported Carpathian bees (Apis mellifera carpatica), carniva (Apis
mellifera carnic). To this end, our task was to compare economically useful
signs between local and imported honey bees in Uzbekistan. The work was
carried out on the apiary farm of the Kibrai district of the Tashkent region.
Research Methodology. Families were evaluated by the quality of egg
production, the weight of the fetal queens, as well as working bees,
productivity, and exterior indicators. The daily egg production of the uterus
was determined by a grid frame after 12 days according to the method of
V.G. Kashkovsky (1970). When determining the mass of working
individuals, 50 bees were selected from each family and weighed to the
nearest 1 mg.
Exterior assessments of bees were carried out according to the method
developed by professors V.V. Alpatov and V. A. Gubin (1976) [3].
Productivity was taken into account by the gross collection of honey. All
honey that was selected and left in the nests for wintering was weighed to
an accuracy of 100 g. Waxing of families was taken into account according
to the set up framework and the cost of wax for sealing the honeycomb
according to the method of V. G. Kashkovsky (1970) [4].
Results. The daily egg production of the uterus was determined by a 5 Ã
5 grid, 100 pieces fit into each frame. cells, including a closed brood, a full
5x5 frame with a closed brood is considered one 5x5, if 50% of the 5x5 frame
is an open and closed brood then 0.5 + 0.5 = 1 is considered. Local
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73
individuals chose the Carpathian bees as the experimental groups as control
groups; bee families fed 50% of them sugar syrup. Thus, the eggs were laid
every 12 days for the uterus, and the results are shown in Table 1 below.
Table 1
Daily egg production of queens, 2019
Date of
observation
n
lim
X±S
x,
pcs.
Cv, %
Live weight of
queens, X±S
x
,
mg
Carpathian Apis mellifera carpatica
28.03.2019
10
441-836
638,3±9,1
4,51
190,3±4,1
11.04.2019
10
559-1309
934,2±8,4
25,40
200,3±5,0
23.04.2019
10
755-1376
1065,5±80,8
24,0
200,5±5,0
04.05.2019
10
1211-1760 1489,2±29,5
3,01
206,3±5,5
16.05.2019
10
1540-1940 1738,3±30,9
3,21
224,8±6,5
28.05.2019
10
1569-2055 1811,6±48,5
4,31
226,3±7,0
10.06.2019
10
1804-2151 1977,5±64,4
3,30
227,1±7,1
22.06.2019
10
1914-2369 2134,2±70,1
4,16
230,3±7,9
Local population
28.03.2019
10
289-550
419,5±6,1
3,42
180,9±2,5
11.04.2019
10
345-609
477,2±7,0
15,0
189,3±3,0
23.04.2019
10
475-876
675,5±9,8
17,0
190,5±3,9
04.05.2019
10
901-1150
1025,5±15,5
2,07
196,3±4,5
16.05.2019
10
1040-1190 1115,3±20,9
2,51
198,8±5,5
28.05.2019
10
1085-1255 1170,6±35,3
2,91
200,3±5,9
10.06.2019
10
1125-1351 1238,2±39,8
3,00
207,2±6,1
22.06.2019
10
1114-1469 1291,5±40,3
3,16
208,3±6,9
The results of research show that the uterus of local bees lay two times
less eggs than the Carpathian. In April, the egg production of the uterus of
the local population averaged from 477.2 to 675.5 pcs. since at this time the
egg production of the Carpathian individuals is from 934.2 to 1065.5,
respectively. in May, indices of the local population ranged from 1025.5 to
1170.6 pcs. Carpathian from 1489.2 to 1811.6 pcs. When examining the
nests of the local population on a honeycomb removed from the hive, he is
worried, the uterus runs along the honeycomb with bees. When smoking,
the bees run away from the smoke, and then they attack the honey and drink.
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A different situation with Carpathian bees is a positive reaction, a less active
reaction to knocking, smoke, when examining the nest, the uterus does not
run on the frame, but sits quietly on the comb. The egg production rates of
uterine Carpathian bees are higher than the local population.
Table-2
Living mass of aboriginal and acclimatized working individuals,
July 2019
Breed
n
lim
X±S
x
mg
Carpathian
210
107,4-110,2
109,2±1,12
Local population 220
103,9-107,2
105,1±1,09
On Table 2, the living weight of the working individual of Carpathian
bees was on average 109.2 mg, the working individual weight of the local
population was on average 105.1 mg, 4.1 mg less than Carpathian working
individuals.
To determine the productivity of bee families, control and experimental
groups were located in the sunflower field of the Kibrai district at a distance
of 0.5-1 km. The results have shown in Table 3.
Table - 3
Productivity of bee families, Kibrai district of Tashkent region, 2019
Breed
Product, kg
honey
wax
Carpathian
40,7±1,78
1,154±0,084
Local population
32,4±1,16
0,988±0,126
Table 3 took into account the productivity of the Carpathian breeds and
the local population. The productivity of aboriginal breeds was lower than
that of Carpathian breed families. The difference is reliable.
To fully characterize the bees, we performed an external assessment of
them. Morphometric indices are shown in Table 4.
Table 4.
Exterior indicators of different breeds of bees in Tashkent region
Signs
Breed
Carpathian
Local population
Proboscis length, mm
6,72±0,01
5,01±0,001
Front wing length, mm
9,6±0,03
8,1±0,02
Front wing width, mm
3,08±0,01
2,86±0,002
Qubit Index,%
45,7±0,39
55,76±0,116
Number of hooks on the rear
wing, pcs
21,38±0,19
18,15±0,13
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Sum of lengths 3 g and 4 g
tergites, mm
2,52±0,02
4,77±0,01
2,20±0,02
4,55±0,021
2,02±0,003
3,15±0,015
2,00±0,001
3,55±0,018
The findings suggest that Carpathian bees differ from local bees in terms
of external traits. The length of the proboscis of Carpathian bees is 1.71 mm
more, the length of the front wing is 1.5 mm more, the width of the front
wing is 0.22 mm more, the number of leads is 3.23 pcs more than local
populations, the cubital index in the local population is 10.06% more than
the Carpathian breed.
Conclusions. Thus, the unsystematic import of bees of different breeds
into the Republic of Uzbekistan from other regions led to the formation of
variability in the local population. Comparing the economically useful signs
of different breeds of honey bees, we can say that Carpathian bees are
productive, the mass of the div of the fruiting uterus and working
individuals is larger than local populations.
References:
1. Trotsuk O.O., Korotkova M.O., Kolesnichenko D.V. "Prioksky bees in
the Ryazan region" g. "Beekeeping" â 6, 2015
2. Suyarkulov S.R. "Carpathians of the Fergana region" g.
"Beekeeping"â 6, 2010
3. Alpatov V.V. Rocks of honey bee. - M: Kolos, 1948
4. Gaidar V.A. "Morpho ethological standard of Carpathian bees" g.
"Beekeeping" â 6, 2004
5. Gaidar V.A., Levchenko I.A. "Comparative assessment of Carpathian
and Ukrainian bees" g. "Beekeeping" â 8, 2003
6. Zemskova N.E., Sattarov V.N., Tuktarov V.R. "Condition and safety of
honey bees in the Crimea" g. "Beekeeping" â 5, 2016