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the owner, used or waived the agreement, or otherwise used, the validity of
this document has lost its validity or is canceled.
The issue of canceling or changing an administrative document of a state
div (official) is considered by the court if it concerns the legitimate
interests of a competent investor and business entity. (Article 1 of the
Decree of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan dated August 1, 2018
«On measures to radically improve the investment climate in the Republic
of Uzbekistan»), except in cases where its protection threatens public
interests [4].
The application of these rules is seen as an important guarantee for
investors in reducing the risk to investors and in interaction with
government authorities. Today, the most important task is to ensure that
their rights are strictly applied in judicial practice as well.
References
1.
Law of the Republic of Uzbekistan «On investments and investment
activities» dated December 25, 2019
2.
Farkhutdinov I. Z. International investment law: theory and practice
of application. Moscow: volters kluver, 2005. pp. 75-80
3.
Law of the Republic of Uzbekistan «On investments and investment
activities» dated December 25, 2019
4.
Decree of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan dated August 1,
2018 «On measures to radically improve the investment climate in the
Republic of Uzbekistan»
M.G. Safin, F.Kh. Rakhmonov,
Samarkand Institute of Veterinary Medicine,
Samarkand, Uzbekistan
THEORETICAL BACKGROUND OF THE ENDEMIC
ICTEROGHEMOGLOBINURIA OF THE KARAKUL SHEEP
M.G. Safin, F.Kh. Rakhmonov
It is known that in Uzbekistan there are widespread violations of the
copper metabolism of Karakul sheep associated with both a deficiency and
an excess of this element in their div. Both of these types of impaired
copper metabolism are accompanied by serious pathological deviations,
leading to a decrease in the productivity of Karakul sheep and often to their
death. In Southwestern Kyzilkum, Karakul sheep constantly has a disease
with signs of jaundice and blood urine.
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Subsequently, this disease of Karakul sheep was called endemic
ikterohemoglobinuria, and it was shown that it is directly associated with a
violation of copper metabolism in their div. In addition to the excessive
accumulation of copper in the liver, a significant increase in its
concentration was found in the blood of patients (4.7 ± 0.5 mg / kg) and the
kidneys of fallen animals (27.8 ± 4.8 mg / kg), as well as in the heart ( 6.03
± 0.4 mg / kg), lungs (7.4 ± 0.6 mg / kg), spleen (9.65 ± 0.9 mg / kg), bile
(3.2 ± 0.3 mg / kg) and urine (8.15 ± 1.9 mg / L. It was shown that
generalized jaundice in sick sheep has a hemolytic nature, and excessive
accumulation of copper in the liver is due to its functional inferiority.
In specially designed experiments, it was shown that the cause of
functional damage to the liver and the subsequent accumulation of excess
copper in it is the eating of sheep pasture plant heliotrope hairy
(Heliotropium dasycarpum) containing alkaloids (heliotrin and its N-oxide),
which have hepatoxic effects. Thus, it was found that endemic
ikterohemoglobinuria of Karakul sheep has an alkaloid-copper etiology and
is hepatogenic chronic copper poisoning. At the same time, the biochemical
mechanisms underlying this disease cannot be considered fully understood.
This report attempts to discuss these mechanisms with the help of
scientific publications on this problem and the results of our own studies,
which were aimed at studying the subcellular distribution of copper in
hepatocytes, the level of activity of copper-containing liver enzymes, and
regulatory mechanisms responsible for copper homeostasis in the div of
Karakul sheep. Our studies showed that with endemic ikterohemoglobinuria
there is an increase in the copper content in the liver tissue by 3 or more
times and that all fractions of the liver cells participate in the accumulation
of copper in the liver, moreover: the concentration of copper in large
granules increases by 2.4 times, in microsomal fractions - 2.9 times, in the
cytosol - 2.5 times, in nuclei with debris - 3.4 times.
A study of the activity of acid phosphatase-marker enzyme lysosomes
showed that a sharp increase in the activity of this enzyme occurs in the
fraction of large granules and the nuclear fraction with fragments
(respectively, 10 and 8 times). Moreover, judging by the activity of acid
phosphatase, cellular lysosomes of the liver are almost evenly distributed
between these two fractions. It was also found that the total copper content
in the liver, at which its concentration in both fractions is equal, is 400 mg /
kg of fresh tissue. Up to this concentration, the copper content prevails in
the fraction of large granules, and at higher concentrations, in the fraction of
nuclei with fragments. This phenomenon is due to the fact that when
saturated with copper, lysosomes âheavierâ and when centrifuged, they
sediment more and more with a fraction of nuclei and cell debris.
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After the accumulation of copper has begun, this element itself can
disrupt the excretory function of lysosomes, interfering with the synthesis
of tubulin and destroying the microtubules necessary for the movement of
these organelles. In this case, a vicious circle occurs when, under the action
of pyrrolisidine alkaloids, copper exchange at the hepatocyte level is
disrupted leading to the accumulation of an element in the lysosomes in the
metallothionein, which undergoes polymerization and becomes insoluble.
Thus, there is a violation of the synthetic, excretory and depot processes
associated with the exchange of copper, carried out between the subcellular
components of hepatocytes.
In particular, it seems promising for us to include in the diet of animals
from endemic icterohemoglobinuria dysfunctional farms increased doses of
zinc, which has a decreasing effect on copper absorption in the
gastrointestinal tract and also stabilizes cytoplasmic membranes. By the
way, vitamin A also has a similar effect. It is quite possible that these factors
play a role in stopping the outbreaks of ikterohemoglobinuria in the South-
Western Kyzilkum in the spring when grazing sheep on green pastures.
It should be noted that according to our observations, the outbreaks of
this disease of sheep are cyclical in nature and it is correlated with the
amount of rainfall that fell on natural pasture. In those years when the
pasture diet is varied, sheep cover their daily feed requirement without the
consumption of alkaloid plants, the signs of the disease are not noticeable or
absent, and in periods when the diet of animals is poor and the sheep begin
to cover their feed requirement with plants containing alkaloids, outbreak
of the disease.
D. Kakharova,M. Mamadieva, D. Kakharova, Andijan State Medical Institute
EXPREIENCE IN THE TREATMENT OF PURULENT CORNEAL ULCERS WHILE
WEARING SOFT CONTACT LENSES
D. Kakharova,M. Mamadieva, D. Kakharova
Relevance. Purulent corneal ulcer - a serious eye disease, which is the
outcome of gross corneal scarring with persistent depression of vision and,
in extreme cases, loss of an eye as an organ. It proceeds most aggressively
against the background of wearing soft contact lenses.
Purpose. Analysis of the results of treatment of purulent corneal ulcers
on the background of wearing soft contact lenses.
Material and methods. Under observation were 11 patients (11 eyes)
with a diagnosis of purulent corneal ulcer on the background of soft contact
