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Kuchkarova Zulhumor Rahmonberganovna
Teacher of History department of Andijan State University
HISTORY OF ARCHAEOLOGY AND PRACTICAL WORK OF ARCHAEOLOGISTS
IN UZBEKISTAN
Z. Kuchkarova
Abstract: This article covers the historiy of archeology and the practical
studies of historical monuments in our country by archaeologists.
Key words: numismatics, linguistics, ethnography, monumental,
platform
An evaluation of the past is, of course, an objective and, most
importantly, free of any ideological views.
Shavkat Mirziyoyev
Archeology and anthropology, ethnography, numismatics, and
linguistics are the most important sources of information on archeology, and
archeology is an integral part of history. Numerous archeological researches
have been carried out in different regions of Uzbekistan and continue to this
day. The findings of new artifacts and research by archaeologists expand the
knowledge of the most ancient and medieval history. These sources and
materials provide a more complete picture of the political, economic, social
and cultural processes of the ancient history of Uzbekistan.
Archeology is an independent branch of history, the object of its
research, as well as the use of special methods in their study. In other words,
archeology is the study and restoration of primitive, ancient and medieval
monuments. Archeology and history are inseparable, the purpose of both
sciences is the same, that is, to study the history of mankind. People working
in this field are called historians and archaeologists.
According to M.Ye.Masson, archeology is a branch of history that traces
the past and activities of human society to various traces, often material
monuments, and, where possible, written sources, language, ethnography,
soil science, anthropology, zoology, botany, and is a science that relies on the
achievements of other sciences.
The term "archeology" is first mentioned in written sources in the work
of the Greek philosopher Plato, "A Conversation with the Great Hippias." The
term "archeology" was also used by Strabo and other Greek historians, who
believed that the term covered not only ancient but also primitive times. The
Latin authors of the Roman Empire used the term "antiquity" -
"antiquitates", in the Middle Ages the term "archeology" was replaced by the
term "antiquity" and was not remembered for a long time (until the XIX
century).
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In 1718, for the first time in Russia, under the leadership of Peter I, the
search for, collection and study of antique materials began. All findings were
placed on the Kunstkamera. During this period, excavations were carried
out in the burial mounds in Siberia, and a large number of bronze and gold
objects were found. From the end of the 18th century, the field of archeology
became widespread in Russia, and various scientific societies and museums
were established to preserve archeological finds.
In 1818, the Asian Museum was established within the Kunstkamera,
and in 1846, the Society of Archeology and Numismatics was established in
St. Petersburg, which was engaged in the organization of archeological work.
In 1855 the Faculty of Oriental Studies was opened at the University of St.
Petersburg.
After the conquest of Turkestan by Tsarist Russia, interest in this
science began to grow. On December 11, 1895, the Turkestan Amateur
Archeology Circle was formed. In the 80s and 90s of the XIX century, the
local population became more interested in antiquity. During this period, the
first excavations were carried out in the ruins of Afrosiyob, Ulugbek
Observatory and Poykand. Later, V.L. Vyatkin Afrosiyob ruins, M.Ye. Masson
visited the Ahangaron Valley, A.Yu. Yakubovsky visited the Zarafshan valley,
V.A. Shishkin Tali Barzu Varaxshani, S.P. Tolstov and Ya.G. Gulyamov
irrigation canals in the ancient Khorezm oasis, A.P. Okladnikov excavated
the Teshiktash and Machay caves.
In 1940 on the basis of the Faculty of History of the Central Asian State
University M.Ye. At the initiative of Masson, the Department of Central Asian
Archeology was established. Members of the department conducted large-
scale excavations in various Central Asian republics, especially in
Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan. In 1963, the Kesh archeological and
topographic expedition was organized to study the upper part of the
Kashkadarya oasis. The establishment of the Institute of Archeology of the
Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan in 1970 further expanded
the scope of archaeological research.
During the twentieth century, archeological monuments, ancient canals
and streams of all periods have been studied throughout Uzbekistan, and to
this day the study continues in all regions of the country, as there are many
undiscovered aspects of the distant past.
Many local and foreign archaeologists have excavated the site of
Mingtepa in the Andijan region. In particular, since 2012, scientists of the
Institute of Archaeological Research of the Academy of Sciences of the
Republic of Uzbekistan and the Institute of Archeology of the Academy of
Social Sciences of the People's Republic of China under the leadership of
Doctor of Historical Sciences, Professor Bakijon Matboboev have found
valuable finds. the findings have changed history. According to sources,
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more than 2,000 years ago, Mingtepa was the largest full-fledged castle city
in the Fergana Valley.
According to the world scientific development, the area was originally
not less than 5-6 square meters and was densely populated, the square was
surrounded by a defensive wall, the residence of the city's upper class
governors. to be distinguished from ordinary citizens, there must be a
monumental tower built on the high foundation (platform) of the mayor, a
city seal that counts the symbol and emblem of the city. So, the above signs
were identified as a result of research, and it was found that Ershi, the capital
of Davon state, was later renamed Mingtepa, and as a result of research,
Mengtepa became a tourist city in December 2017, in February 2018,
Mingtepa - Cultural Heritage Public Foundation was established. Today, the
center is working to raise awareness of the importance of the Mingtepa
monument and historical shrines in the district. The basis of these efforts is
the commitment of the younger generation to the country, the preservation
of the priceless heritage and the transmission of it to future generations.
One of the unique monuments, which is currently being studied
scientifically and practically, is that from 2018 in collaboration with
scientists of the Samarkand Institute of Archaeological Research of the
Academy of Sciences of Uzbekistan and the Tokyo University of Arts in Japan
Oyim village of Jalal-Abad district of Andijan region. Professor Archaeologist
Bakijon Matboboev, BMAbdullaev and Japanese archaeologists Shogo Kume
and Yuki Tatsumi are conducting research at the nearby Dalvarzin
monument. The monument may date back to the XII-VII centuries BC, two
cultural strata have been identified, and excavations of pottery fragments,
pottery, and pottery intact are still ongoing, the final conclusion of which will
be announced by archaeologists.
In conclusion, there are many such historical sites in our country, and
by studying them, the ancient history of the country will be enriched. Article
49 of the Constitution of the Republic of Uzbekistan states that "Cultural
monuments are under state protection." As a result of organizing lessons
with students through live examples in such places, the mysteries of history
are explored through the education of our youth in the spirit of respect and
love for historical sites, as well as the development of scientific and practical
knowledge.
References:
1. Kabirov J., Sagdullayev A. Archeology of Central Asia. - T., 1990.
2. Matyushin G.N. Archaeological Dictionary.M., “Ucheb.lit” 1996.
3. Gulomov Ya. G ’. History of irrigation in Khorezm. Fan, 1959.
4. Avdusin D.A. Osnovi arxeologi. - M., 1989.
5. Askarov A. The oldest cities. T, 2001.
