SCIENCE AND INNOVATION IN THE
EDUCATION SYSTEM
International scientific-online conference
62
A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF SIMILAR AND DISTINCTIVE
ASPECTS IN THE STORIES OF ABDULLA QAHHOR AND JACK
LONDON
Bahriddinov Muslimbek Muhiddinovich
Teacher of the Department of English Language and Literature,
Associate Professor,
Andijan State Institute of Foreign Languages, Andijan
Email: bahriddinov5434@gmail.com
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14709571
Annotation:
In the current process of globalization, like all other fields,
science is also rapidly developing. In particular, changes in the field of literature
have significantly increased. The development in the literature of one nation is
particularly noticeable when compared to the literature of another nation.
Analyzing rare works in Uzbek literature, studying the life and creativity of their
authors is urgent, and at the same time, comparing these works with the
literature of another nation on the other side of the world is an indispensable
task. Therefore, in order to contribute to research in this field, we decided to
compare certain aspects of Uzbek and American literature. In this article, the
works of two great writers, the master of Uzbek short stories, Abdullah Qahhor,
and the representative of American literature, Jack London, are analyzed based
on various literary criteria. The similarities and differences in their works, as
well as their unique features, are studied. When the creativity of representatives
of two different national literatures is compared, studying the religious, social
origin, lifestyle, and living conditions of these peoples is also one of the
important aspects of this scientific work. This article not only examines the
peculiarities, similarities, and differences in the works of these two storytellers
but also delves into the analysis of some of their short stories.
Keywords:
humanism, social issues, hero, image, theme, realism, social
inequality, physical struggle, spiritual struggle, class conflict.
INTRODUCTION
In the field of comparative literary studies, a significant amount of work is
being done, and as a result, numerous academic articles and monographs are
being published. In particular, the works of Abdulla Qahhor and Jack London
have been studied extensively from a comparative perspective, and research
continues to this day. To contribute to this academic exploration, we analyzed
the distinctive features, similarities, and differences found in the short stories of
SCIENCE AND INNOVATION IN THE
EDUCATION SYSTEM
International scientific-online conference
63
both authors, as well as certain important elements from a literary criteria
perspective.
MAIN BODY
When it comes to the short story genre in Uzbek and American literature,
the writers who undoubtedly come to mind are Abdulla Qahhor and Jack
London. Although they lived in somewhat similar periods, it is rare to consider
them contemporaries. Their different social environments, religious beliefs, and
moral values played a key role in shaping the distinctive features, similarities,
and differences in their works. These unique characteristics are reflected in their
literary directions, themes, character creation, and the ideas promoted in their
works.
As two of the leading writers of their time, Abdulla Qahhor and Jack
London focused on studying humanity and addressing social and psychological
issues in their works. While Qahhor's stories depict the rural life of Uzbekistan
and its inner struggles, Jack London's stories highlight people's battles with
nature and their survival instincts. To understand the primary differences and
similarities between these two writers, it is essential to analyze the unique
elements in their works.
Although these two authors represent different literary traditions, come from
different societies, and follow different religions, a comparative study of their
works reveals numerous similarities and differences. Below, we will analyze
some of the unique features in the stories of Abdulla Qahhor, an Uzbek writer,
and Jack London, a representative of American literature:
1.
Literary Directions
: Abdulla Qahhor's stories are based on realism and
socialism, while Jack London uses naturalism and socialism in his works.
2.
Main Themes
: Qahhor addresses the social issues, pressures, and national
values of the Uzbek people, while Jack London focuses on themes like nature and
the human struggle for survival in difficult circumstances.
3.
Characters
: In Qahhor's stories, the characters are often ordinary
people—workers, peasants, and simple Uzbek women—who have grown up in
the environment in which the author himself lived. In contrast, Jack London's
characters include adventurers like gold miners, hunters, and often animals.
4.
Social Issues
: In his "Fairy Tales from the Past," Abdulla Qahhor writes
about social injustices, harsh working conditions, and human rights violations as
the central issues in his stories. In Jack London's works, issues like class
differences, poverty, and the problems between humans and nature are
prominent.
SCIENCE AND INNOVATION IN THE
EDUCATION SYSTEM
International scientific-online conference
64
Further exploration of these unique features could continue, but within the
scope of this research, let's now focus on the similarities and differences in the
works of these authors.
Below, we highlight some of the shared features in their stories:
1.
Inner World Depiction
: Both writers skillfully portray their characters'
inner worlds, internal struggles, emotional states, and psychological torment.
2.
Humanism
: The idea of humanism is central in both authors' works, with
a focus on the improvement of the individual, moral growth, and social
betterment.
3.
Human and Society
: Both Qahhor and London emphasize social issues,
with their characters striving to find their place within society.
4.
Realism
: Both authors depict reality and characters in a realistic style,
presenting them as they are without embellishment.
5.
Social Inequality
: Both writers address social inequality, with their
characters consistently fighting against injustices in life.
In addition to the similarities mentioned above, social injustice, characters'
external struggles, self-realization, philosophical questions, and character
torment are also observed in both authors' works.
When comparing and analyzing the unique features of two different
literary traditions, significant differences emerge between their works.
Following the previous analysis, let's now examine the differences in their
stories:
1.
Cruelty of Life
: In Jack London's works, such as
Love of Life
,
The Call of the
Wild
, and
White Fang
, the cruelty of nature and external conditions in human life
is more prominently featured, whereas Abdulla Qahhor focuses more on societal
and internal human issues.
2.
Role of Nature
: In Jack London’s stories, nature often serves as an
external force testing the characters, while Qahhor's works focus on
relationships between people within society.
3.
Approach to Humanism
: Abdulla Qahhor portrays humanism through
spirituality, moral values, and the fight against injustices within society, while
Jack London highlights humanism in the context of survival and willpower
against nature.
4.
Physical vs. Spiritual Struggle
: In Jack London's stories, characters often
fight physical battles to survive, while Abdulla Qahhor's characters are more
engaged in spiritual and emotional struggles.
SCIENCE AND INNOVATION IN THE
EDUCATION SYSTEM
International scientific-online conference
65
5.
Class Struggle
: Jack London depicts class struggles and inequality more
prominently, whereas Abdulla Qahhor focuses on the moral and spiritual aspects
of society.
6.
Struggle Against Nature
: In Jack London's stories, nature's victory is
often portrayed, with characters battling natural forces. Abdulla Qahhor, on the
other hand, focuses on human relationships.
These analyses show that when comparing the works of two different
literary traditions, special attention must be paid to the unique features, shared
characteristics, and differences in literary elements.
Lastly, let’s focus on some key aspects of Abdulla Qahhor's works. In his
story
Maston
, the image of an Uzbek woman striving for freedom and new life,
breaking free from the "ancient chains" of oppression, is vividly depicted. This
story showcases real events and social relations of the time, illustrating the
struggles of women in the context of social change. Despite the story's brief
timeframe, it reflects deep societal reactions and changes, alongside individual
struggles, offering a window into the aspirations and hardships of women
fighting for equality.
CONCLUSION
In conclusion, the similarities and differences identified in the stories of
these two authors reveal that their divergent societal contexts, religious beliefs,
and moral values have played a significant role in shaping their works. For
example, concepts like loyalty, friendship, and family views in the characters of
Qahhor's stories differ significantly from those of London's characters.
References:
1.
Abdulla Qahhor “Asarlar”, Besh jildlik, Birinchi jild, G’afur G’ulom
nomidagi adabiyot va san’at nashriyoti, Toshkent, 1987, 333 - bet
2.
Abdulla Qahhor “O’tmishdan ertaklar”, “Yulduzcha” nashriyoti, Toshkent,
1987, 127 bet
3.
Қаххор А. Ўтмишдан эртаклар. Т.: Ғ.Ғулом номидаги адабиёт ва
санъат нашриёти, 1988. – Б. 144.
4.
Jack London, “The call of the wild and White Fang”, Signet Classics, 2010, p.
285
5.
M.M.Bahriddinov. “Said Ahmadning “Qorako'z Majnun” asarida badiiy
g'oya va mavzu”, International Global Conference, 2024/5/7
6.
M.M.Bahriddinov, “Jek London va Abdulla Qahhor hikoyalarining badiiy
uslub jihatidan qisyosli tahlili”, International Journal of Education, Social Science
& Humanities, 2024/4/3
SCIENCE AND INNOVATION IN THE
EDUCATION SYSTEM
International scientific-online conference
66
7.
M.M.Bahriddinov, “Jek London va Abdulla Qahhor hikoyalarining poetik
jihatdan qiyosli tahlili”, International Journal of Education, Social Science &
Humanities, 2024/4/3
8.
https://uzsmart.ru/kutubxona/asarlar/1536-hayotga-muhabbat-hikoya-
jek-london.html
