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The Symmetric and Asymmetric Relationship of Lexemes
Expressing the Sense of Touch in English and Uzbek
Languages
Sherali SHOKIROV
1
Andijan State University
ARTICLE INFO
ABSTRACT
Article history:
Received December 2024
Received in revised form
15 December 2024
Accepted 20 January 2025
Available online
25 February 2025
This article explores the symmetric and asymmetric
relationships between lexical units representing the sense of
touch in English, Russian, and Uzbek. The study examines how
different languages express tactile sensations and how cultural
and linguistic factors influence the formation of these
expressions. The focus is on understanding the similarities and
differences in the usage of touch-related lexemes in these three
languages.
2181-
1415/©
2025 in Science LLC.
https://doi.org/10.47689/2181-1415-vol6-iss1-pp
This is an open access article under the Attribution 4.0 International
(CC BY 4.0) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.ru)
Keywords:
Touch lexemes,
symmetric relationship,
asymmetric relationship,
lexical units,
sensory perception,
cross-linguistic comparison.
Ingliz va o‘zbek tillarida teginish sezgisini ifodalovchi
leksemalarning simmetrik va asimmetrik munosabati
ANNOTATSIYA
Kalit
so‘zlar
:
Teginish leksemalari,
simmetrik munosabat,
asimmetrik munosabat,
leksik birliklar,
sezgilarni anglash,
tilshunoslik taqqoslash.
Ushbu maqolada ingliz, rus va o‘zbek tillarida teginish
sezgisini ifodalovchi leksemalarning simmetrik va asimmetrik
munosabatlari o‘rganiladi. Maqola turli tillarda teginish
sezgilarini qanday ifodalash va bu ifodalarning til va
madaniyatga asoslangan farqlari haqida tahlil qilishga
qaratilgan. Tadqiqot tilshunoslik nuqtai nazaridan, uchta til
o‘rtasidagi taqqoslashni va o‘xshashliklar hamda farqlarni
o‘rganishga bag‘ishlangan.
1
Professor, Andijan State University. E-mail: Sheralis790@gmail.com
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Симметричные и асимметричные отношения лексем,
выражающих ощущения прикосновения в английском
и узбекском языках
АННОТАЦИЯ
Ключевые слова:
лексемы осязания,
симметричные
отношения,
асимметричные
отношения,
лексические единицы,
сенсорное восприятие,
межъязыковое сравнение.
В данной статье рассматриваются симметричные и
асимметричные
отношения
между
лексемами,
выражающими осязание в английском, русском и
узбекском языках. Исследуется, как различные языки
выражают тактильные ощущения, а также как культурные
и лингвистические факторы влияют на формирование этих
выражений. Основное внимание уделено пониманию
сходств и различий в использовании лексем, связанных с
осязанием, в этих трех языках.
Ingliz tili izohli lug‘atlari ustida о‘tkazilgan tahlillar teginish sezgisini ifodalovchi
leksemalar polisemantik xususiyatga ega ekanligi va ular alohida olinganda ham, sо‘z
birikmalari va frazeologik birikmalar tarkibida kelganda ham turli-
tuman ma’nolarni kasb
etishlari mumkinligini kо‘rsatdi. Bu xol teginish sezgisini ifodalovchi leksemalari bilan
bog‘liq qator ma’nolar orasida ulardan qay biri invariant simmetrik yoki asimmetrik,
umumiy
ma’no bо‘la olishligini aniqlashda qiyinchiliklar tug‘diradi. Shuni inobatga olgan
xolda lug‘atlarda rо‘yxatga olingan teginish sezgisini ifodalovchi leksemalar
bilan bog‘liq
morfologik va sintaktik tuzilishga ega birliklarni ma’noviy nuqtai
nazardan tahlil etishni
lozim deb topdik.Teginish sezgisini ifodalovchi leksemalarning simmetrik va asimmetrik
munosabati aniqlashda tashqi ta’sirni qabul qilish qobiliyati va shu ta’sirdan yuzaga
keladigan holatni ifodalovchi: ingliz tilida:
Touch, sontact
, feel, avoid, ignore; о‘zbek tilida:
hislamoq, tegmoq, teginmoq, tekizmoq, ushlamoq, tutmoq
kabilar tahlilga tortildi,
Biz i
ngliz va о‘zbek tillarida teginish sezgisini ifodalovchi leksemalarning
simmetrik va asimmetrik munosabatini tahlil qilishda ushbu m
avzuga aloqador bо‘lgan
sо‘zlarni sо‘z turkumlar guruhiga bо‘lib chiqdik. 1. Ot sо‘z turkumiga oid bо‘lgan
leksemalar: ingliz tilida:
press, tap, pat, nudge, prod, poke, push, glance, flick, stroke, brush,
graze, pressure;
Masalan:
We were told to
push
our feelings down, not to embrace
them
[
Vanessa Etienne, Peoplemag, 1 Feb. 2024].
о‘zbek tilida: tirgak, tirgov, tirgovich,
tirgovchi, ushlovchi, hissiyot kabi:
Masalan:
Bir kun pushaymon bо‘lmagin, deyman.
Tilmochning qozikalonday tirgovichi bor, bilib qо‘y (Oybek “Ulug‘ yо‘l”).
2.
fe’l sо‘z turkumida: ingliz tilida:
Touch, sontact, feel, avoid, ignore, handle, hold, pick
up, move, meddle with, play (about/around) with, toy with, fiddle with, interfere with, tamper
with, disturb, harm:
Masalan:
Wait until the unit is cool to
touch
and only fill to the fill mark
[John Sass, Field & Stream, 3 Aug. 2023].
о‘z
bek tilida:
tegmoq, tegizmoq, teginmoq, tegishlik,
ushlamoq, tutmoq, saqlamoq, qо‘zg‘amoq tutqazmoq, ushlatmoq, tutinmoq, ovlamoq, uzatmoq,
asramoq, qо‘llamoq , itarmoq kabi.
Masalan:
Dilshod musicha iniga qо‘l chо‘zganda, sо‘ri
orasidan о‘tkazilgan elektr
simiga tegib, yerga qulagan edi (
Gazetadan
).
3.
Sifat sо‘z turkumida
:
ingliz tilida:
touched, touching, touchy, feel-good, touch-and-
go: Masalan:Cautiously her fingers felt the ground around her and
touched
the cold steel
barrel [John Sass, Field & Stream, 3 Aug. 2023].
о‘zbek tilida
: tegishqoq, tegishlicha,
qо‘llangan, ushlangan, tegingan kabi. Masalan: Obidjon yumaloq, kalta bо‘yin yigit bо‘lib,
yoshlikdan shо‘x, gapidan tegishqoq о‘sgan (I.Rahimov “Barno”).
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Ingliz tilida teginish sezgisini ifodalo
vchi “
touch
” va “
feel
” sо‘zlari bir
-biriga
chambarchas bog‘liq bо‘lib, ularning xar biri teng xis
-
tuyg‘ularni bildirish uchun
ishlatilishi mumkin.
M.: Your painting touched
me (Bо‘yog‘ingizni tekkanini his
qilyapman).
–
Feel the softness of this material ( bu matoning yumshoqligini qarang).
Ushbu ikki gapda fe’llar bir
-
birini mazmunini tо‘lidirib kelyapti.
Bundan tashqari, teginish sezgisini ifodalovchi leksemalarning mazmuniy mavzu
guruhlari, ular о‘rtasidagi ma’noviy munosabatlarni о‘rganish muhim ahamiyat kasb
etadi. Teginish sezgisini ifodalovchi leksemalarning arxisemalariiga asoslangan quyidagi
mazmun guruh (tо‘da)lariga ajratamiz:
1.
Teginish hissini jismoniy aloqada ifodalanuvchi leksemalar
guruhi: ingliz
tilida:
communication, contact, feel, taste, blow, brush, caress, collision, contingence, crash,
cuddling, embrace, feel, fondling, graze, grope, handling, hit, hug, impact, junction, kiss, lick,
manipulation, nudge, palpation, pat, peck, perception, percussion, petting, push, rub, rubbing,
scratch, shock, stroking, tap, touching, taction, brush, caress, feel, handle, hit, kiss, lick, pat,
reach, rub, strike, stroke, tap, abut, adjoin, border, communicate, contact, converge, dab,
examine, finger, fondle, frisk, glance, graze, grope, inspect, join, line, manipulate, march,
massage, meet, neighbor, osculate, palm, palpate, partake, paw, percuss, pet, probe, push,
scrutinize, sip, smooth, suck, sweep, tag, taste, thumb, tickle, tip, verge, be in contact, button,
come together, feelup, impingeupon, layafingeron, manhandle, toy with; For example: 1) But
the four Glatzel siblings are scattered and rarely keep in
contact
.
[
Laura Zornosa, TIME, 18 Oct.
2023]. 2) He was stuck in acres of thorny
brush
Cooper had to ask for help in a rush.
[
Ella
Gonzales, Fort Worth Star-Telegram, 21 Feb. 2024].
о‘zbek tilida:
tо‘qnashuv, quchoqlamoq, his qilish, paypaslash, ishlov berish, urish,
о‘pish, yalash, ergashtirish, surish, itarish, ishqalash, silash, teginish, suyanmoq, aloqa,
zarba, erkalash, tutashmoq, birlashmoq;
Masalan:
1) Qarshi darvozasidan uch farsax
narida ik
ki tomon sarbozlari tо‘qnashib, bir muddatlik tо‘s
-
tо‘palon jangdan sо‘ng,
buxoroliklar tor-
mor etildi (Mirmuhsin “Me’mor”). 2) men hozirgina terilgan lolalarni
quchoqlab, о‘rnimdan turdim (Maqsu “guldasta”).
2. His etish darajasini ifodalovchi leksemalar:
bit, dash, detail, hint, scent, shade,
taste, tinge, trace, whiff, drop, inkling, intimation, jot, pinch, smack, smattering, speck, spot,
streak, suggestion, suspicion, tincture,small amount, soupson; For example:
1)
There have
been a lot of
bits
of luck along the way but a lot of it has been about sticking at it.
[
Luke
Leitch, Vogue, 30 Oct. 2023]. 2) What happens in the U.K. can give the rest of the world hope
–
or
dash
them
[Sarah Zhang,
The Atlantic
, 3 Aug. 2021].
о‘zbek tilida:
hid, ta’m, isi, bо‘yi, batafsil, belgi, ishora, soya, rang, iz, hidlash, tomchi,
chiziq, taklif, shubhalnish, damlama, kichikmiqdor; Masalan: 1)Uyda tutun yо‘qolgan
bо‘lsa
-da, achchiq hid darrov uning burniga urildi
(Oybek “Tanlangan asarlar”)
. 2) Katta
osma lampa tutabroq yonganidan, dо‘konxonadan is va qurum hidi bilan tо‘lgan havo
darrov dimoqqa urar edi
(Oybek “Tanlangan asarlar”)
.
2.
Teginish usulini ifodalovchi leksemalar:
ability, approach, communication,
contact, effect, familiarity, flair, hand, influence, knack, skill, style, talent, technique,
understanding, acquaintance, adeptness, adroitness, art, artistry, awareness, characteristic,
command, deftness, direction, facility, faculty, finish, handiwork, mastery, virtuosity, way;
For example: 1) It is one that has to convince voters of its competence and ability to deliver
[Times, Sunday Times (2013)]. 2)
That is what negates the effect
of the lack of gravity
[
Anchorage Daily News
, 23 June 201].
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о‘zbek tilida:
masofa, qobiliyat, yondashuv, aloqa,
ta’sir, yaqinlik, qо‘l, mahorat,
uslub, iste’dod, texnika, tushunish, tanishish, xabardorlik, xarakterli, yо‘nalish, qulaylik, yо‘l;
Masalan: О‘rdagacha bir yarim chaqirim chamasi yо‘l bо‘lib, Sultonali bu masofani о‘n besh
daqiqa ichida bosdi (A.Qodiriy “Mehrobdan chayon”). 2) Meni afsun bilan ham rom qilib
bо‘lmaydi, menga zahar ham ta’sir qilmaydi, gap ham! (Mirmuhsin “Me’mor”).
3.
Teginish ta’sirni ifodalovchi leksemalar:
affect, disturb, excite, grab, impress,
influence, inspire, mark, move, stir, strike, stroke, upset, arouse, carry, melt, quicken, soften,
stimulate, sway, feel out, get through to, get to, make an impression, strike a chord, tug at
the heart; For example: 1) One major influence on the location of planned improvements
has been land ownership and inheritance patterns
[Cloke, Paul J (ed) Rural Land-Use
Planning]. 2)
The Rolls Royce of vacuums is a gift that will excite
anyone on your list
[Jaimie
Potters,
Harper's BAZAAR
, 6 Dec. 2022].
о‘zbek tilida:
bezovta, tortmoq, qatnashmoq, harakat, aralashma, xafa, eritmoq,
tiriltirmoq, yumshatmoq, rag‘batlantirmoq, chayqalmoq, taassurot; Masalan: Bezovta
shamol birdaniga kuchayib, qora bulut pardasini surib keldi (M.Qoriyev “Qiz uzatib
borganda”). 2) Bahordan buyon bir rag‘batingiz yо‘q. Mehnat qildingiz
-ku, minnatingiz
yо‘q (M.Yusuf “Osmonimga olib ketaman”).
4.
Xurmatni ifodalovchi leksemalar:
affect, consume, eat, handle, involve, concern,
drink, interest, use, utilize, be a party to, be associated with, bear on, bear upon, belong to,
center upon, concern oneself with, deal with, get involved in, partake of, pertain to, refer to;
For example:
People who consume sugar-free drinks will eat more food to make up for the
missing energy, a study suggests
[Times, Sunday Times (2016)]. 2) Just not enough
interesting ones to justify its length [Times, Sunday Times (2016)].
о‘zbek tilida:
jalb, tashvish, qiziqish, foydalanish, qо‘pollik, tegishish, ishtirok,
iste’mol, tegishli, murojaat; Masalan: 1) Ertaknamo bu hangoma qaysi mamlakatda, qaysi
zamonda bо‘lganiga hurmatli jurnalxonlar qiziqishlari tabii (Mushtum). 2) Xotinlar о‘z
tо‘ylarini О‘zbek oyim ishtiroki bilan о‘tkazib olsalar, о‘zlarini shaharning eng baxtli
xotinlaridan sanab .... yurar edilar (A.Qodiriy “О‘tgan kunlar”).
5.
Zikrni ifodalovchi leksemalar:
cover, go over, mention, discuss, note, treat,
allude to, bring in, deal with, refer to, speak of;
For example:
1) She mentions in her book
that she had a miscarriage and talks about being made redundant
[Times, Sunday Times
(2016)].
2) The two
discussed
the scandal, but Murphy did not want to speak about it too
much
[Noah Goldberg,
Los Angeles Times
, 29 Jan. 2024].
о‘zbek tilida:
zikr qilish, muhokama qilish, eslash, yod etish, muomala qilish,
murojaat qilish, gapirish: 1) Ayniqsa, quyidagi zikr qiladigan holimiz bu ikki opa-
*singilning xarakteridagi farqlarini ochib kо‘rsatish uchun yetadir (A.Qodiriy “О‘tgan
kunlar
”). 2) Eslatma ham og‘zaki, ham yozma tarzda bо‘lishi mumkin (Mushtum).
6.
Minnatdorchilikni va ma’qullovchi leksemalar:
greatefull
,
amount, equal, match, meet, parallel, rival, tie,be a match for, be in the same league, be on a
par, come near, come up to, hold a candle to, measure up, partake of, verge on;
For
example:
And for both, she is owed the thanks of a
grateful
nation
[Rochelle Riley,
Detroit
Free Press
, 20 Apr. 2018].
о‘zbek tilida:
mamnun, minnatdor, qulluq, bо‘ysinish
; Masalan: Ergash mamnun
jilmayib, Sottining yelkasiga qо‘lini qо‘ydi
(I.Rahim “Chin muhabbat”).
Tilning boyligi kо‘rsatkichlaridan biri undagi bir leksemani bir necha usullarda
ifodalash imkonini beradi. shuningdek, kvazima’nolar (qisman yoki noaniq)ning
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mavjudligidir. Shunday sо‘zlardan mos ravishda qо‘shimcha ma’no soyalari, hissiylik,
ekspressivlik, stilistik jihati bilan farq qilishi mumkin. Shunday bо‘lsada ingliz va о‘zbek
tillarida teginish hissini ifodalovchi idrok elementlarini ifodalovchi guruxlaga bо‘lib
chiqdik.
1.
Yonma-yon faolyat olib boruvchi predmet va narsalarga nisbatan: ingliz tilida:
accept, adapt, affiliate, affirm, appropriate, approve, assent, assume, borrow, embrace,
endorse, espouse, follow, go down the line, go in for, imitate, maintain, mimic, opt, ratify,
seize, select, support, take on, take over, take up, tap, use; For example: But the risk of a slow
rebuild is that those kids become accustomed to losing and
accept
it as normal
[
Helene
Elliott, Los Angeles Times, 8 Dec. 2022].
о‘zbek tilida:
moslashtirmoq, tasdiqlamoq, tegishli bо‘lmoq, rozilik, faraz, qarz,
quchoqlamoq, amallamoq, saqlamoq, qо‘llamoq:
Ular agregat harakati va tezligi bilan
moslashib, aniq ishlar edilar
(Gazetadan).
2.
Kelishuv (shartnoma)ga nisbatan:
ingiliz tilida:
acquiesce, adopt, allow, approve, buy, cave, in comply, concur, conform, consent, cut a deal,
defer, ditto, embrace, espouse, give, five, give in, go along with, go along/go along with,
grant, knuckle under, okay, pass on, permit, recognize, sanction, say uncle, shake on,
subscribe;
For example:
Farmers have watched their crops fail and according to the
government the shortages have caused nearly 700 million of agricultural losses this year
[Times, Sunday Times (2016)].
о‘zbek tilida:
qо‘shilish, qabul qilish,
kelishish, kelishish, ruxsat berish, tasdiqlash,
sotib olish, quchoqlash, qо‘llab
-quvvatlash, tan, ruxsat; Masalan: Bashirjon birpasda
shuncha rejani xayolan tuzib chiqqach, sangtarosh bilan kelishib qо‘l tashlashdi
(N. Aminov
“Suvarak”).
3.
Taxmin
sifatida qо‘laniluvchi:
accept, acquire, appropriate, arrogate,
attend to, begin, confiscate, don, embarkupon, embrace, enterupon, seize, set about, take on,
take over, take up; For example:
Wild Bunch has
acquired
the project for Germany and
Italy
[Andreas Wiseman,
Deadline
, 20 Nov. 2024].
о‘zbek tilida:
tegishli, mutakabbirlik, ishtirok, boshlash, musodara, haqida о‘rnatish,
olishga, olmoq; Masalan: Biroq Ittifoq idoralarida biz keltirgan dalillarga tegishlicha quloq
solishyaptimikan
(Gazetadan).
4.
Quchoq, kо‘ngli kenglik sifatida
qо‘llaniluvchi:
ingliz tilida:
hug, scissors, squeeze, tightembrace; For example:
о‘zbek tilida:
quchoqlash, bog‘lash,
siqish, qattiq quchoqlash; masalan: Tо‘lqin G‘ani
otaning kо‘rganida yelkasiga yopishib, bо‘ynidan mahkam quchoqlab olsalar kerak
(H.G‘ulom “Mash’al”)
Yuqorida biz ingliz va о‘zbek
tillarida teginish sezgisini ifodalovchi leksemalarning
simmetrik va asimmetrik munosabatini struktural-semantik, funksional-sintaktik va
stilistik jihatlarini о‘rganilishi haqida fikr yuritdik.
Yuqoridagi mulohazalardan kelib chiqib, i
ngliz va о‘zbek til
larida teginish sezgisini
ifodalovchi leksemalarning simmetrik va asimmetrik munosabatini til omillari kognitiv
jarayoni bosqichlarini chizma asosida ifodalashga harakat qilamiz.
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Yuqorida zikr qilingan mulohzalarga tayangan holda ta’kidlash mumkinki,
ingliz va
о‘zbek tillarida teginish sezgisini ifodalovchi leksemalarning yadrosi til egalari uchun faol
assotsiatsiya hosil qiladi, kamroq ahamiyatga ega bо‘lganlari esa dominantidan joy oladi
va markazdan uzoqlashgan sari ular (assotsiatsiya)ning ma’nosi h
am susayib boradi.
I
ngliz va о‘zbek tillarida teginish sezgisini ifodalovchi leksemalarning yadrosi sifatida
sо‘zlovchi ongida hosil bо‘lgan asosiy tushuncha (tasavvur)
tan olinadi. Uning
dominantini esa pereferiyalarning kognitiv xususiyatini baholaydigan va izohlab, talqin
qilib bera oladigan maydon hosil qiladi.
Ingliz va о‘zbek tillarida teginish sezgisini ifodalovchi leksemalarning pragmatik
xarakteri inson tabiatini, uning hissiyotlarini va umumiy psixik holatini tushunishda ham
namoyon bо‘ladi.
Bunda teginish sezgisini
ifodalovchi sо‘zlar yoki sо‘z birikmalari
kо‘plab
hissyot va tuyg‘u elementlarini ifodalashi mumkin.
Qayd qilish lozimki
, о‘zbek tilida teginish xissi uchun о‘ziga xos xususiyat bu
oshkoralik belgisidir, bu kо‘pincha ma’lum harakatlarni amalga oshirish kо‘rinishida
isbot talab qiladi, u badiiy adabiyotdan olingan misollar bilan tasdiqlanadi.
Teginish sezgisini ifodalovchi leksemalarning
dominanti о‘
zining jismoniy yoki
ruhiy olamini ochiq kо‘rsatish, shuningdek, о‘zining kuchsizligi
ni namoyon qilishdir.
Boshqa tarafdan, teginish sezgisi ifodalovchi leksema
ba’zan о‘zining ustunligini isbotlash
uchun amalga oshiriladigan harakatlar bilan munosabatda bо‘ladi.
I
ngliz va о‘zbek tillarida teginish sezgisini ifodalovchi leksemalarning
uzoq periferiyalari
uni masofadan ushlash, his qilish qobiliyati obrazining ajralmas xususiyati hisoblanadi.
Teginish sezgisini ifodalovchi leksemalarning simmetrik va asimmetrik
munosabati
nutqda turli stilistik vosita sifatida ham qо‘llanishi mumkin. Ma
salan, bu
leksemalardan metaforik va metonimik modellar yasash orqali nutqda qо‘llash mumkin.
Masalan, “
His etmoq yoki his qilmoq
” metaforik modeli inson tuyg‘u, sezgi qobiliyati
bilan idrok qilish obyekti sifatida yuzaga chiqaradi. M.:
Yodgor yelkasida qizning kaftidan
о‘tayotgan haroratni his qilar ... yuragi hayajondan gupillab urar edi
(О‘.Hoо‘imov
“Qalbinga quloq sol”).
Metaforik modellar bilan bir qatorda “teginish sezgisi –
inson (odam)“ tipidagi
metonimik modellar ham qо‘llaniladi.
Masalan: Uning hazilona teginishida tahlika,
sarosima yoki “ajab bо‘ldi!” degan bir ma’no, bir his yо‘q edi.
(Oybek “Navoiy”)
.
Ushbu
misoldan kо‘rinib turibdiki “teginish” leksemasi simmetrik munosabatda kelyapti.
Teginish sezgisini ifodalovchi leksemalarning barcha turlari asosiy informatsiya
tashuvchi yetakchi fe’l semantikasi va fe’l shakli asoosida shakllanadi. Pragmatika esa
turli nutq elementlarini
–
nutqda qо‘llaniladigan yordamchi vositalar –
menimcha,
ehtimol, hayriyatki, albatta, axir, ham
kabi vositalarning mohiyatini chuqurroq tahlil
qilish bilan shug‘ullanadi.
contact
periferiya
Press
periferiya
переферия
touch
yadro
past
periferiya
feel
dominant
coonect
periferiya
push
periferiya
Жамият
ва
инновациялар
–
Общество
и
инновации
–
Society and innovations
Issue
–
6
№
1 (2025) / ISSN 2181-1415
176
Yuqorida zikr qilingan mulohazalarga tayangan holda ta’kidlash mumkinki,
teginish sezgisini ifodalovchi leksemalarning simmetrik va asimmetrik munosabatini
turli sо‘z turkumlariga mansub bо‘lgan sо‘zlardan tashkil topgan bо‘lib, unga yondosh
bо‘lgan konnotativ ma’nolarni ham ifodalab о‘zining pragmatik xususiyatlarini namoyon
qiladi. U nutqda qо‘llanganda uning pragmatik xarakteri (konnotativ ma’nosi) doim unga
hamroh sifatida namoyon bо‘ladi.
Xulosa qilib aytganda, teginish sezgisini ifodalovchi leksemalarning simmetrik va
asimmetrik munosabatini о‘rganish jarayoni murakkab va kо‘pqirrali hodisa sifatida
turlicha ilmiy va fan yо‘nalishlari doirasida tadqiq qilinar ekan. Ushbu yо‘nalishlarning
kо‘zga kо‘ringan va tanilganlari quyidagilardir: 1) psixo
-fiziologik; 2) falsafiy; 3) ijtimoiy-
madaniy; 4) lisoniy kabilardir.
Teginish sezgisini ifodalovchi leksemalarning simmetriyadan aimmetriyaga
о‘zgarishi kontekstdagi boshqa bir konseptual strukturaning ta’siri sabab bо‘lishi
mumkin. Demak, simmetrik mazmunining situativ (kontekstual) darajaga va u
reprezentatsiya qilayotgan situatsiyaga bog‘liq bо‘lishi muayyan format
dagi bilimlarni va
ayniqsa konseptual darajadagi murakkab model bо‘lgan tushunchaning konseptual
-
taksonomik modelini tasvirlashda muhim aspekt bо‘lib hisoblanadi. Bu esa
simmetriyaing taksonomik modeli strukturasi qotib qolmagan, dinamik struktura
ekanligini anglatadi va u orqali kotseptual darajadagi ichki va konseptlararo aloqalar
amalga oshadi.
FOYDALANILGAN ADABIYOTLAR RO
‘
YXATI:
1.
Mamatov, A. (2010).
O‘zbek tilida frazeologik birliklarning tizim xususiyatlari
.
Toshkent: Fan.
2.
G‘ulomov
, A. (2005).
O‘zbek tilida ko‘rish sezgisi bilan bog‘liq iboralar va ularning
semantik xususiyatlari
.
Toshkent: O‘zMU.
3.
Qosimov, N. (2012).
O‘zbek tilining frazeologik lug‘ati
.
Toshkent: O‘zbekiston.
4.
Jo‘rayev, Sh. (2018).
Tilshunoslik va frazeologiya masalalari
. Toshkent: Fan va
texnologiya.
5.
Cowie, A. P. (1998).
Phraseology: Theory, Analysis, and Applications
. Oxford:
Oxford University Press.
6.
Moon, R. (1998).
Fixed Expressions and Idioms in English: A Corpus-Based
Approach
. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
7.
Кунин, А.
В. (1996).
Англо
-
русский фразеологический словарь
. Москва:
Русский язык
8.
Шанский, Н. М. (1985).
Фразеология современного русского языка
. Москва:
Просвещение.
