The American Journal of Applied sciences

ENHANCING HYBRID RICE DEVELOPMENT: EXPLORING GENE ACTION AND GENETIC IMPROVEMENT OF PARENTAL LINES FOR NOVEL HYBRIDS

Orimer Ashraf, Amenhotep Dawood — Sun, 21 Apr 2024 00:00:00 +0800

Hybrid rice has significantly contributed to global food security by increasing yield potential and improving resilience to biotic and abiotic stresses. To further enhance the development of novel hybrids, understanding the gene action and genetic improvement of parental lines is crucial. This study explores the mechanisms of gene action governing important agronomic traits in parental lines and investigates strategies for genetic enhancement to create high-performing hybrids. Through a combination of molecular genetics, breeding techniques, and field trials, this research elucidates the genetic basis of key traits and identifies promising parental lines for hybrid rice breeding programs. Insights gained from this study inform breeding strategies aimed at developing superior hybrids with improved yield, quality, and stress tolerance, ultimately contributing to sustainable rice production and food security.

THE STUDY OF SOCIAL NETWORKS AS AN ACTIVE FACTOR INFLUENCING THE FORMATION OF YOUTH VALUES FROM THE POINT OF VIEW OF PSYCHOLOGY

Jumaboyev Abbos Xasan ogli — Fri, 19 Apr 2024 00:00:00 +0800

The article is devoted to the phenomenon of "virtual" social media as a factor influencing the formation of markers of the value palette and preferences of modern youth. The purpose of this study is to identify among the youth audience the role of social media in the formation of value-semantic attitudes and preferences. Through the content analysis of virtual discourse, the authors determine the motives for the inclusion of young people in virtual communities and the content orientation of these virtual groups. As a result, the authors conclude that the dominant force of social networks is the self-affirmation of a personality with an active representative sample included in various communities, living and acting according to the rules of these groups and receiving social approval and support, which often leads to a break with cultural tradition and the formation of a new type of personality, which determines the novelty and relevance of the research in in modern conditions of the development of a digital society.

FEMALE GENITAL MUTILATION: A THREAT TO FEMALE SPORTS PARTICIPATION IN EKITI STATE

ALADE TEMITOPE T. — Tue, 23 Apr 2024 00:00:00 +0800

Female Genital Mutilation is widespread among the various ethnic groups and socio-economic groups and classes and it is usually practice for cultural, religious, and ritual purposes, often as part of initiation rite into womanhood. Noting that the health of a girl-child is paramount to effective sport participation among elites. Without an optimal healthy living among female or girl-child, sports participation will be male gender focused, leading to gender inequality in sports. Hence, the researcher seek to examine female genital mutilation as impediment to sports participation amongst girl-child in Ekiti State. Descriptive survey research design was adopted for this study and two hundred (200) respondents were selected using multi-staged sampling techniques. A self-constructed questionnaire was developed by the researcher to collect data for the study. The instrument was validated by experts and a reliability coefficient of 0.86 was obtained using split half method of reliability. All data collected was analysed using inferential statistics of Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and Regression to test the hypotheses set for the study at 0.05 level of significance. From the results of the study, that female Genital Mutilation had significant impact on health of a girl-child/women in the society and thereby affecting female sport participation in Ekiti State. Majorly, psychological trauma and health implications of FGM tends to have significant impact on sport participation of females in sport. The researcher therefore recommended that planned health education campaigns are mandatory to elude the drawbacks of female genital mutilation and hazards of continuation of the practice so as to promote the healthy living of female in order to facilitate their participation in sport as well as maintain a balance of gender equality in sport.

USE OF BASALT AND CLAY MATERIALS IN THE COMPOSITION OF CERAMIC MASSES

Sun, 21 Apr 2024 00:00:00 +0800

The article examines the chemical mineral composition, the formation of crystalline phases of minerals, the basic properties of ceramic masses with igneous rocks and the formation of minerals during the sintering process in the temperature range 950-1150°C. The results obtained indicate that the introduction of iron-containing basalts stabilizes the structure of ceramic slabs and reduces their sintering temperature. According to geological data, kaolins from the Republic of Karakalpakstan are promising for use.

ILLUMINATING CANCER DETECTION: SPECTROSCOPY'S VITAL ROLE IN SCREENING AND DIAGNOSIS

Caoimhe Brennan — Mon, 01 Apr 2024 00:00:00 +0800

This paper explores the pivotal role of spectroscopy in cancer screening and diagnosis, shedding light on its significance in early detection and accurate characterization of cancerous tissues. Spectroscopic techniques offer unique capabilities for non-invasive and real-time analysis of tissue composition, providing valuable insights into biochemical and structural alterations associated with cancer development. By leveraging the inherent molecular signatures of tissues, spectroscopy enables clinicians to identify abnormal changes indicative of cancer presence, facilitating timely intervention and improved patient outcomes. This review examines the principles, methodologies, and applications of spectroscopy in cancer detection across various modalities, including Raman spectroscopy, fluorescence spectroscopy, and infrared spectroscopy. Additionally, it discusses recent advancements, challenges, and future directions in harnessing spectroscopic technologies for enhanced cancer screening and diagnosis.