11
Volume 04 Issue 04-2022
The American Journal of Medical Sciences and Pharmaceutical Research
(ISSN
–
2689-1026)
VOLUME
04
I
SSUE
04
Pages:
11-15
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2020:
5.
286
)
(2021:
5.
64
)
(2022:
6.
319
)
OCLC
–
1121105510
METADATA
IF
–
7.569
Publisher:
The USA Journals
ABSTRACT
The disease of the musculoskeletal system in children of the first months of life is quite a lot, deformities of the lower
extremities are most common. The reason for the observed deformities of the lower extremities is the delay in the
development of the bone skeleton during fetal life, due to heredity, infectious diseases of the mother during
pregnancy, endocrine pathologies, toxicosis (especially the first half of pregnancy). Many authors, studying the
endocrine status of patients with deformities of the lower extremities, came to the conclusion that this pathology is
hormonal and mainly develops in the late period of the child's intrauterine life [1, 2, 4, 5 ].
KEYWORDS
Toxicosis, hypofunction, Morphological, hypoparathyroidism.
Research Article
MORPHOLOGICAL STRUCTURE OF THE FEMUR IN WHITE RATS WITH
HYPOPARATHYROIDISM
Submission Date:
April 05, 2022,
Accepted Date:
April 15, 2022,
Published Date:
April 28, 2022 |
Crossref doi:
https://doi.org/10.37547/TAJMSPR/Volume04Issue04-03
Khidirova G.O.
Tashkent pediatric medical institute, Uzbekistan
Khasanov K.D.
Tashkent pediatric medical institute, Uzbekistan
Erkinova Dilrabo
Tashkent pediatric medical institute, Uzbekistan
Abdurakhmanova Nafosat
Tashkent pediatric medical institute, Uzbekistan
Journal
Website:
https://theamericanjou
rnals.com/index.php/ta
jmspr
Copyright:
Original
content from this work
may be used under the
terms of the creative
commons
attributes
4.0 licence.
12
Volume 04 Issue 04-2022
The American Journal of Medical Sciences and Pharmaceutical Research
(ISSN
–
2689-1026)
VOLUME
04
I
SSUE
04
Pages:
11-15
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2020:
5.
286
)
(2021:
5.
64
)
(2022:
6.
319
)
OCLC
–
1121105510
METADATA
IF
–
7.569
Publisher:
The USA Journals
INTRODUCTION
It has been established that there is a relationship
between the function of the parathyroid gland in the
mother and the frequency of various forms of
orthopedic deformities of the lower extremities in
newborns. At the same time, the dependence of the
process of differentiation of the connective structures
of the fetal limbs on the concentration of protein-
bound iodine in the mother's blood was revealed. A
decrease in these indicators in pregnant women
caused an increase in the incidence of congenital
orthopedic diseases in newborns. Disorders of
connective tissue development that occur with
hypofunction of the parathyroid gland can also cause
skeletal deformities [3,4, 6].
Morphological changes in the bone structure, namely
the structure of tubular bones against the background
of diseases of the parathyroid gland, are insufficiently
covered in the literature. Meanwhile, the solution of
these issues would contribute to a more in-depth
clarification of the place and significance of the
hypothyroid state of the maternal organism during
pregnancy in the pathogenesis of deformities of the
lower extremities from the system into the flesh to
generalized forms and would serve as a basis for the
development of new pathogenetic prevention and
treatment.
The purpose
of this study was to evaluate changes in
the morphostructure of the femoral bones of
experimental animals with hypoparathyroidism.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
The experiments were carried out on 30 mature white
rats, which were divided into two groups: control
(n=10) and experimental (n= 20). A group of
experimental animals performed coagulation of the 1st
lobe of the parathyroid gland and revealed
hypoparathyroidism. At the end of the experiment, the
rats were decapitated under light ether anesthesia, the
femurs were extracted and the histological picture of
the diaphyses and epiphyses was studied. Bone pieces
were fixed in 10% neutral formalin, decalcified for 3
weeks in 7% nitric acid solution with a change of solvent
every week.
Thoroughly washed in running water for two days and
then passed through alcohols of increasing strength,
ethanol-chloroform, paraffin-chloroform, two portions
of paraffin and poured into paraffin. 5-6 microns thick
sections were made and stained with hematoxylin and
eosin, picrofuxin according to Van Gieson, in
accordance with Mallory histochemical staining
methods were also usedin the modification of
Heydenhain: toluidine blue for glycosaminoglycans,
CHIC reaction. The study of tissue sections was carried
out under a microscope MS-300 (Austriya), and
microphotography was carried out using a Nikon Cool
Pix 4500 camera.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
In animals of the control group, the diaphysis is formed
by bone tissue with solid architectonics. The compact
(cortical) substance is externally covered with a
periosteum consisting of outer and inner layers. The
outer layer is formed by dense fibrous tissue, the fibers
are oriented parallel to the bone surface. The inner
layer is formed by loose fibrous tissue. Fibroblasts and
osteoblasts, as well as blood capillaries, are found
among the thin collagen fibers. The outer common
plate is located under the periosteum, the inner
common plate is also deeper defined. On the side of
the bone marrow there is an endost containing
osteoblastic cells. The bulk of the compact substance
13
Volume 04 Issue 04-2022
The American Journal of Medical Sciences and Pharmaceutical Research
(ISSN
–
2689-1026)
VOLUME
04
I
SSUE
04
Pages:
11-15
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2020:
5.
286
)
(2021:
5.
64
)
(2022:
6.
319
)
OCLC
–
1121105510
METADATA
IF
–
7.569
Publisher:
The USA Journals
of the diaphysis is made up of osteons, which have the
form of cylinders and are located along the long axis of
the bone. Insertion (interstitial) plates are located in
the spaces between the osteons. Between the bone
plates there are lacunae with osteocytes, the
processes of which extend into the bone tubules. Small
blood vessels are located in the tubules of the osteons,
and perforating channels are also found that provide
blood supply from the periosteum. The spongy
substance of the epiphysis is characterized by a
network of anastomosing trabeculae, in the space
between which the red bone marrow is located.
The trabeculae of the spongy substance of the bone
are formed by parallel bone plates combined into
packages. Between the bone plates of the spongy
substance there are lacunae with osteocyte bodies
with pronounced processes. Thicker trabeculae
located around blood vessels have a similar structure
to osteones. Inactive and active osteoblasts are
distinguished in bone arches. In the zone of transition
of the epiphysis to the diaphysis, the epiphyseal
cartilaginous growth plate is determined - hyaline
cartilaginous tissue with chondroblasts arranged in the
form of cartilaginous columns with signs of
calcification of the structure of both the periosteum
and the common plates and the osteoid system. In the
outer layer of the periosteum, collagen fibers split
unevenly and have a bundle structure. The inner layer
of the periosteum is barely distinguishable, there are
few resting osteoblastic cells among the thin collagen
fibers. In the outer common plate, along with the
normal histological structure, areas with pronounced
uneven basophilia are determined, especially at the
border with the periosteum. Osteones and inset plates
are also colored unevenly, there is a tortuosity of the
bone plates. Uneven staining and tortuosity of bone
plates indicate a violation of the metabolic
homeostasis of compact bone, characteristic of the
phenomena of destruction and demineralization. In
some areas of the common bone plate of the diaphysis,
cracks filled with a translucent liquid are revealed.
Osteocytes located in bone lacunae are poorly colored
and are more characterized by oxyphilicity. Bone
lacunae are somewhat larger than osteocytes, and
bone plates do not have a clear distinction. At the same
time, there are osteons that peel off from the rest of
the bone structures along the, so-called cementing, or
soldering, line.
In the spongy substance of the epiphysis of the tubular
bone, the anastomosing bone trabeculae differ in a
variety of thickness and stainability, mainly inactive
osteoblasts. There are expressed branching of bone
trabeculae with detachment of the red bone marrow
from bone structures. In trabeculae, basophilic
wavelike lines are determined, resulting from the
processes of demineralization and violation of
mineralization of the intercellular substance of bone
tissue.
Thus, when hypoparathyroidism is detected in tubular
bones, changes in the histological structure of both the
diaphysis
and
metaepiphysis
are
revealed,
characterizing the development of destructive
degenerative processes with impaired mineralization
of the intercellular matrix.
Based on the results of morphological research
methods, the dynamics of the formation of tubular
bones is revealed and the regularities of ossification of
bone
tissue
against
the
background
of
hypoparathyroidism are established. As a result of the
study, the difference from the normal histological
picture of hypoparathyroid individuals in the growth
zones was shown, namely the basal layer of
chondrocytes vacuolized. In places, the appearance of
young osteoblasts is determined, they are located
according to the type of differently directed
14
Volume 04 Issue 04-2022
The American Journal of Medical Sciences and Pharmaceutical Research
(ISSN
–
2689-1026)
VOLUME
04
I
SSUE
04
Pages:
11-15
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2020:
5.
286
)
(2021:
5.
64
)
(2022:
6.
319
)
OCLC
–
1121105510
METADATA
IF
–
7.569
Publisher:
The USA Journals
architectonics. As a result of a detailed analysis of
morphological changes, the dynamics of development
in limb deformity against the background of reduced
parathyroid function has been prepared. Taking into
account the significant influence of mineral
metabolism, weight, age and composition of the diet
on the condition of animals, identical conditions were
observed during the experiments.
The development of destructive phenomena is most
likely associated with the effect of hypoparathyroidism
on the state of bone tissue, and ultimately leads to a
decrease in the metabolism of a number of minerals.
The determination of the content of certain elements
in the bone tissue of experimental animals, carried out
by the method of biochemical blood analysis, showed
a significant fluctuation in microelements, which leads
to the destruction of bone tissue, contributing to the
development of osteopenia and a decrease in bone
strength. Toxic metals can be embedded in the
composition of hydroxyapatite crystals, displacing
calcium, and also cause metabolic disorders in bone
tissue and dysregulation of remodeling processes.
The obtained results of the histological structure of
bone tissue reflect a decrease in its strength, observed
with a decrease in bone mineral density under the
influence of hypothyroidism.
CONCLUSIONS
Our studies show that PTH is also necessary for the
normal formation of the enchondral bone, mainly in an
additional way regulate individual areas of the growth
plate. PTH is produced only in the parathyroid glands,
and its synthesis and secretion are regulated by
calcium. Thus, reduced resorption of differentiated
chondrocytes is the most likely cause of the slightly
enlarged hypertrophic zone observed in rats. PTH
indicates an increase in the hypertrophic zone, which
leads to a slight increase in the overall size of the
growth plate. Therefore, PTH is important for normal
cartilage remodeling. In addition, a decrease in
osteoblast production in the absence of PTH led to
poorly developed primary spongiosis and, ultimately,
to a decrease in the volume of spongy bone. However,
this reduction led to a decrease in the length of the
bone tissue as such, although the total length of the
tibia was almost normal. In the tubular growth zone,
the ability to maintain normal calcium transport is
reduced
and,
consequently,
they
develop
hypocalcemia. Consequently, the predominant effect
on osteoblasts in primary spongioses at this stage of
development seems to be associated with PTH.
Hypoparathyroid state in experimental animals leads
to the development of structural changes in the
histology of tubular bones. Signs of destructive and
degenerative processes associated with a violation of
the state of the intercellular matrix appear in the
diaphyses and metaepiphyses of bones, which
undoubtedly leads to a decrease in bone strength.
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Volume 04 Issue 04-2022
The American Journal of Medical Sciences and Pharmaceutical Research
(ISSN
–
2689-1026)
VOLUME
04
I
SSUE
04
Pages:
11-15
SJIF
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MPACT
FACTOR
(2020:
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(2021:
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64
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(2022:
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OCLC
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1121105510
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The USA Journals
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