All articles - Oncology
Number of articles: 217
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At present there is a lot to reform the health care system. There is a wide network of public health institutions. They provide polyclinic, outpatient, inpatient, emergency, high-tech specialized medical care. The article presents data obtained during the timekeeping of nursing staff working in the departments of medical institutions.The purpose of the study was to eliminate losses and unproductive labor time costs by applying. -
Features of the primary diagnosis and the algorithm for further routing of patients with oropharyngeal neoplasms at a dental appointmentOncological processes of the head and neck are a large number of tumors with a different course and requiring different treatment. In advanced stages,this treatment can lead to loss of vital functions and disrupt the appearance of a person with the appearance of bone and soft tissue defects [3]. But if this process is detected at the very beginning with an asymptomatic course or at the fi rst stage of the disease, then in 95-97% of cases the neoplasm can be removed without disability [5]. At this stage in the development of modern medicine with the help of radiation therapy and endoscopic surgery, it is possible to effectively treat oncological processes of the head and neck at stages I and II [2, 6]. With regard to the use of endoscopic surgery, the risk of developing psychological trauma in patients is reduced due to the absence of large incisions [8]. In this article, 217 patients, aged 30 to 89 years old, residents of the city of Chelyabinsk and the region with a confi rmed diagnosis of malignant neoplasm of the oropharyngeal zone were analyzed, examined and questioned, of which 127 were men and 90 were women. Of the total number of patients, 30% fi rst consulted a dentist. The largest number of cases of malignant neoplasms is determined at the age of 50 to 69 years in both sexes. Patients living in Chelyabinsk were statistically signifi cantly (p<0.05) less likely to meet, in aggregate, in terms of accessibility than patients living in the Chelyabinsk region. Primary T1 tumors were statistically signifi cant (p≤0.05) more often. The absence of regional metastases (N0) was statistically signifi cant (p≤0.05) more often. Also, neoplasms with a high degree of cell differentiation (G1) were also more often statistically signifi cant. Most often (p≤0.05),malignant neoplasms were localized on the tongue and lips. The keratinizing form of squamous cell carcinoma occurred statistically signifi cantly (p<0.001) more often.
Medicine and innovations -
To the question of the results of treatment of hemispheric glial brain tumorsThe article is devoted to the modem problem of neurooncological patients. The literature data on the problem of diagnosis and treatment of the quality of life in patients with glial tumors of supratentorial localization are presented. The interrelated results of fundamental research in the field of neurooncology and the practical experience of neurosurgeons is the basis for the optimization and individualization of complex therapeutic approaches in improving the treatment of tumors of the nervous system.
Medicine and innovations -
The role of molecular genetic markers and immunohistochemistry of glial brain tumors in neurosurgeryRecent advances in biotechnology have made it possible to study the pathomorphological and molecular genetic characteristics of glial brain tumors. The histological features of brain tumors do not reflect the molecular subtype differences. In this review, we consider the main genetic changes of clinical significance, including such markers as proliferation of Ki-67, the TP53 suppressor gene, and anti-apoptotic proteins bcl-2. These markers can be included in a more accurate classification for the clinical assessment of the disease and the selection of therapy. Adequate molecular genetic diagnosis makes it possible to recommend treatment in accordance with the established nosological unit.
Medicine and innovations -
Abstract: Colorectal cancer in recent years has been considered one of the urgent problems of medicine. Considering the development of medical technology, the diagnosis of CRC reaches more than 1.8 million annually, which makes CRC the third most diagnosed among all oncological pathologies, and the mortality rate reaches 881,000 cases and takes second place in this indicator. High mortality is associated with the presence of distant or latent metastases. In recent years, detection of extracellular oncological DNA has played an important role in the diagnosis of colorectal cancer. vcDNA makes it possible to detect the presence of residual cancer with greater accuracy compared to existing laboratory and instrumental diagnostic methods, which makes it possible to choose the need for chemotherapy in the postoperative period. -
Rehabilitation of patients with malignant tumors and defects of the maxillofacial region allowed choosing the method for removing them. Patients were divided into three groups, depending on the localization of the defect: Group 1 - patients with defects of the upper jaw with intact definition of the remaining upper jaw - 61 people; group 2- patients with defects of the upper and lower jaw with partial defect of definition of the remaining upper and lower jaw - 43 people; 3 group - patients with extensive defects of the upper jaw, facial soft tissues and full secondary adentia of the alveolar bone of the remaining upper jaw -3 people. -
Annotation.The review presents the characteristics of the metabolic processes of a tumor cell and a normal cell. It has been shown that there are no processes in tumor tissue that cannot take place in healthy tissues. -
Abstract. Differential diagnosis of inflammatory diseases, solid tumors and cystic formations in the head and neck region, unfortunately, is still a difficult task for specialists. In the structure of cystic formations of the soft tissues of the neck and their complications, thyroglossal cysts steadily occupy the first place: 24% of adults and 50% of children admitted to hospitals suffer from these diseases A careful analysis of modem literature indicates the urgent need to develop an algorithm for differential diagnostic signs of sonography in cystic formations neck and determining the effectiveness of the method. -
In this article, we reviewed our own experience in the diagnosis and treatment of popliteal fossa cysts. The study included materials and data from 96 patients with Baker's cyst. The article discusses the advantages, disadvantages, as well as some features of various methods of clinical and instrumental examination of patients with this pathology. -
METHODS TO INCREASE THE EFFECTIVENESS OF ONCOLOGICAL CARE FOR PATIENTS WITH BREAST CANCER IN ANDIZHAN CITY AND ANDIZHAN DISTRICTI his article examines the statistics or breast cancer, the most common cancer in women today, as well as the administrative regions of the Republic and Andijan region. In the analysis of regional data, two regions with the highest morbidity and density were selected - Andijan city and district. In the above-mentioned regions, a program of early diagnosis and screening of breast cancer has been developed and implemented among 1,116 women. Of the patients examined. 535 were healthy and the rest had varying degrees of pathology. Patients were divided into 5 categories based on their diagnosis, and treatment and recommendations were given for each category. During the follow-up, 6 breast cancers were diagnosed and referred to the regional oncology branch for planning and conducting follow-up treatments. Based on the results obtained, recommendations were developed to supplement the risk factors and screening program in accordance with the mentality of the population.
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DETAILED ANALYSIS OF THE INCIDENCE AND LATE STAGES OF BREAST CANCER AMONG WOMEN IN ANDIJAN REGIONDuring the study, a comprehensive analysis of breast cancer incidence, late stages and mortality in 2016-2017 was conducted in Andijan region, Andijan city and district. The results showed that during the follow-up years, the incidence of this disease was highest in all age groups in the above-mentioned regions, and a rejuvenation of the disease was observed. The mortality rate also increased in 2017 compared to the previous year in certain age categories. The stages of the disease among patients diagnosed with primary breast cancer were also analyzed, and based on the results of this analysis, the reasons for the late detection of the disease were highlighted.
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COMPLICATIONS OF RENAL CELL CARCINOMA WITH METASTASIS TO BONE AND LYMPH NODES AFTER TARGETED THERAPYThe article presents the results obtained during adjuvant targeted therapy in patients with locally advanced renal cell carcinoma with drugs belonging to the group of RANKL inhibitors and angiogenesis blockers. Complications of targeted therapy were studied in 46 patients with renal cell carcinoma who metastasized to bone in regional lymph nodes. The following side effects have been reported during treatment with axitinib and denosumab: weakness, increased blood pressure or exacerbation of hypertension, diarrhea, or hypothyroidism. Based on the results obtained, we recommend the use of acitinib and denosumab in patients with metastasis to the lymph nodes and bones of renal cancer, with particular emphasis on the prevention of complications in treatment.
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ON THE ISSUE OF SURGICAL METHODS FOR THE TREATMENT OF DISLOCATION SYNDROME IN SUPRATENTORIAL BRAIN TUMORSIn this work, we present the results of our own retrospective studies, the material for which was the case histories and the results of surgical treatment of 43 patients with supratentorial brain tumors with dislocation syndrome. The surgical approach varied depending on the location, volume of formation, general condition of the patient and the degree of dislocation of the brain.
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PECULIARITIES OF SURGICAL TREATMENT FOR MALIGNANT NON-ORGAN TUMORS OF THE RETROPERITONEAL SPACE AND THEIR RECURRENCEThe article describes a clinical case of a tumor of the retroperitoneal space with a recurrent course and the tactics of managing a patient with this pathology using the example of a specific clinical situation. The studies arc based on the analysis of 58 cases when, due to the local spread of the tumor, its removal was carried out simultaneously with the removal or resection of adjacent organs, for the period from 2018-2021 in the department of thoracoabdominal surgery of the Samarkand branch of the republican specialized scientific and practical center of oncology and radiology. In all patients, the surgical intervention was of a combined nature. In 58 patients, additional organs were removed and/or resected (72): of which 1 organ - in 18 (51.3%) cases. 2 organs - in 9 (27.6%), 3 organs - 5 (13.1%), 4 or more organs - 3 (7.8%). Combined and multivisccral resections for non-organ tumors of the retroperitoneal space arc traumatic interventions and are associated with various complications. The most frequent complications were massive bleeding from the tumor bed and as a result of damage to large great vessels.
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ROLE OF POLIMORPHISM OF GENE VASCULAR ENDOTHELIAL GROWTH FACTOR (VEGF), HYPOXIA INDUCED FAKTORA-1Α (HIF-1α) AND INTERLEUKIN 17A (IL-17A) IN AGGRESSIVE PITUITARY ADENOMASPituitary adenomas are considered benign, however, in 20-50% of cases they have an aggressive course. The main criteria for aggressiveness arc frequent recurrences after surgical adenomectomy, resistance to traditional therapy, and massive invasion into nearby structures. The aim of the study was to study the molecular genetic features of invasive aggressive pituitary adenomas (APA). Gene polymorphism of VEGFA, HIF-la, and IL-I7A have been studied in 81 patients (main group) with invasive and non-invasivc pituitary adenomas (main group) and 83 healthy (control group). As a result of the study, it was found that the frequency of occurrence of the studied polymorphisms is more often observed in invasive adenomas and the detection of genotypes varies depending on the course of APA.
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IMPROVEMENT OF METHODS FOR EARLY DIAGNOSIS OF CERVICAL CANCER BASED ON LIQUID CYTOLOGY AND ONCOPROTEIN 53Cervical cancer remains a major preventive cancer (oncology) problem in both developed and developing countries, being the third leading cause of cancer mortality among women worldwide. Since the introduction of organized cytological screening programmes among the population, there has been a sharp decrease in the incidence of cervical cancer in many countries. Regardless of this encouraging result, the overall effectiveness of cervical cytologic screening of the cervix, the Papanicolaou smear is still far from optimal. Screening programmes using traditional cytology have successfully reduced the risk of cervical cancer, but new tests such as liquid cytology and human papillomavirus testing could improve screening and accuracy of the data received, and studying the p53 gene, which plays a key role in preventing tumors, could help treat malignancies. The purpose of this report was to study the descriptions of modem minimally invasive methods for determining cervical cancer risks and the possibility of using them in screening oroerammes.
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This article discusses the clinical and echodopplerographic features of cervical cancer, which allows to improve the differential, topical and clarifying diagnosis of malignant tumors of the uterus. The material for the study included 115 patients with cervical cancer who applied to the Andijan branch of the cancer center. The revealed clinical and echodopplerographic features of CC made it possible to predict the course, outcome of the disease and to choose the optimal methods of treatment. Ultrasound monitoring of patients with CC, allows to assess the effectiveness of treatment and timely detect metastases and disease progression. -
THE SITUATION AND MODERN APPROACH IN THE STUDY OF COLON AND RECTUM TUMOR DISEASES IN ANDIJAN REGIONIn the last decade, the incidence of colon cancer has been increasing in the very kup countries of the world, including Uzbekistan. 50 new colorectal cancers out of 100000 axles are observed each year, and 5% of axles are diagnosed with cancer of the Tigris Colon for the rest of their lives [1,2, 3, 4]. All over the world, about 600 thousand people a year are diagnosed with colorectal cancer, and more than half of them die within the same year [5, 6]. Tugri found that 5% of all bad - quality usma diseases of bowel cancer-6%, 40-45% of the digestive system bad-quality usma diseases [7, 8, 9]. Every year more than 600 thousand colorectal cancer diagnoses are diagnosed around the world, of which 60% come from developed countries, while 40% come from colonized countries [3, 9, 10, 11, 39]. Tugri is an adult over 55 years of age and mostly 70-75 years old tugri is associated with risk factors for colon cancer [3, 4, 12], and of which 80-85% of the kuy i is associated with 1ii-IV Bosque, and more than half of them die within a year [13, 14]. ICT of the disease world
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COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF MALIGNANT NEOPLASMS INCIDENCE INDICATORS OF ANDIJAN REGION POPULATION OF OVER THE LAST 10-YEAR OBSERVATION PERIOD (2007-2018)This article is aimed at analyzing the results when the government of the Republic of Uzbekistan adopted a strategy for the development of health care until 2021. which clearly defines the tasks of the oncological service, which can improve the situation for the early detection of malignant neoplasms, change the proportion of accumulation contingents to the early stages of cancer, which increase medical knowledge of the population can significantly help in the prevention and detection of malignant neoplastic disease in the early stages, can lead to a complete cure for malignant ailment
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CLINICAL AND LABORATORICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF SPONTANEOUS BACTERIAL PERITONITIS IN CIRROSIS OF HEPATIC VIRAL ETIOLOGYThe clinical and laboratorical characteristics of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis with cirrhosis of the liver of viral etiology were studied. Л total of 58 (32 (55.2%) men and 26 (40.6%) women) patients with cirrhosis of the liver of viral etiology aged 30 to 69 years were examined. Upon admission, all patients underwent diagnostic laparocen-tesis, followed by counting the number of neutrophils in the AF and plating on culture media. It was established in the examined patients that cirrhosis with HCV markers was most frequently encountered. An analysis of the infection factors in the examined patients with liver cirrhosis with complicated SBP showed that problems associated with parenteral interventions were noted by 67.3% and the source of infection was not established in 24.1% of patients. The most common signs of SBP were dyspeptic symptoms-60.3%. fever-37.9%, leukocytosis with the appearance of immature forms of leukocytes-48.2%.
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Pathogenesis and transition of normal urothelium of bladder into cancer arc multifactorial processes. Chronic inflammation causes the initiation and progression of the main pathophysiology of invasive and metastatic cancer. Л dichotomy is observed in the role of immune cells in bladder cancer. In this review, we discussed genetic and immunological changes of bladder cancer along with relapse of this disease; however, it should be noted that in most cases, multiple genetic and immunological changes occur simultaneously or mutually dependent on each other. Many genetic mutations disrupt the function of genes involved in regulation, and conversely, chromosomal aberrations lead to changes in transcription. Although the immune response protects the bladder by suppressing tumor growth, certain immune cells including neutrophils, macrophages, and T-lymphocytes contribute the development and progression of the tumor. -
This article discusses the application of the algorithm developed by us, which we used when choosing the tactics for treating DSO, involves the use of modern laser technologies and drug therapy aimed at a radical cure, along with minimal trauma, functional safety, and good cosmetic results. The treatment algorithm takes into account the forms of DSO. phases of development, localization, and age of patients. -
The functional status of residual thyroid tissue after surgery of benign Thyroid diseasesWithin the population surveyed (64) patients were included, 48 women and 16 men, ranging in age from 17 to 72 years. The average age was 44.6±5.3 years, due to the feature of the disease thyroid, more than three times more common in women of working age. Analyses of results show that three or more prognostic factors in maintaining euthyroid in the postoperative period, possible implementation of a Subtotal resection is the preparation of a clinically significant volume of tissue thyroid
Journal problems of biology and medicine -
Immediate results of intra-regional auutoplasmic therapy in the Integrated treatment of local-distributed tongue cancer and bottom SideIn the article direct results of regional intraarterial and intraoperative autoplasmochemotherapy as a component of complex antitumoral treatment of cancer of the bottom of the oral cavity and tongue were studied. The obtained data testify to a sufficiently high efficiency, safe toxic profile and positive dynamics of immunoregulatory proteins in regional intraarterial and intraoperative autoplasmochemotherapy as a component of complex antitumor treatment in patients with cancer of the bottom of the mouth and tongue
Journal problems of biology and medicine -
The role of the nurse for the prevention of uterine cervical diseasesCorrect and competent organization of the nurse's work of the examination room, contributes to the in- crease of detectability of cervical disease and can be one of the most promising and effective forms of preven-tive examination of the female population
Journal problems of biology and medicine
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