All articles - Respiratory System
Number of articles: 471
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Evaluation of perinatal death cases and the level and status of ear, throat and nose diseases in themThe study examined the prevalence and causes of perinatal death in Khorezm region and the causes of infant mortality at 22 weeks and 7 days of gestation, as well as changes in the ear, throat, and nose. In the city of Urgench, Khorezm region, the birth rate was higher than in other districts, and in the course of inspections, the highest number of deaths was caused by upper respirator}* diseases.
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Chronic polyposis rhinosinusitis is currently one of the most common diseases. Among the theories of the origin and development of polyposis rhinosinusitis, infectious-allergic autoimmune, neuro-trophic. etc. are the most common, and we have developed and applied three options for the complex treatment of patients. The first group consisted of 30 patients aged 18 to 60 years, and the second group consisted of 40 patients aged 21 to 65 years. In the first group of patients, a partial anterior ethmoidotomy was performed in the first stage, and in the second stage. 4-5 days later, under endoscopic control, the polypous altered residual tissue was completely removed. In the second group of patients ethmoidotomy and gaymoroetmoidotomy were performed, and in 4-5 days after surgery, cryodestruction was performed using the device "KUA 02". Long-term postoperative outcomes in all groups were analyzed after 12-18 months, with a significant decrease in organism sensitization to microbial antigens and polyposis tissue in patients, leading to a significant reduction in their recurrence rates of polyposis sinusitis over a period of time. -
Pneumonia is one of the most common diseases in children, which occupies a leading place in the structure of morbidity and mortality from infectious diseases, which is manifested by symptoms of respiratory failure. Since the main pathogenetic link is the formation of inflammation with damage to the lobe of the lung, its segment or group of alveoli, as well as the interalveolar space, we carried out treatment with antibacterial and antiviral drugs. We have treated 60 patients aged 3 to 15 years, who were divided into 2 groups. The patients were hospitalized at the Samarkand Branch of the Republican Scientific Center for Emergency Medical Aid, in the departments of pediatrics. 30 patients were prescribed complex therapy, which included the antibacterial drug Clarithromycin, the antiviral drug na-soferon in an age-related dosage for 10 days. Clinical manifestations of group I, who received the drug, were stopped almost 2 times faster than in patients from group II. Complex treatment of antibiotics and antiviral drugs for community-acquired pneumonia with atypical etiology has shown that they are the most effective, preventing and reducing the severity of pneumonia. -
POSSIBILITIES OF COMPUTER AND MAGNETIC RESONANCE TOMOGRAPHY IN VISUALIZATION OF THE NOSE CAVITY AND MAXILLARY SINUSIn the modem world. MRI and CT arc effective and safe methods of non-invasivc diagnostics both in otolaryngology and in medicine in general. Thanks to such examinations, the doctor receives a complete picture of the condition of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses, and can also prescribe appropriate treatment. Improving diagnostic methods remains relevant for the correct diagnosis and treatment tactics.
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In the combined course of tuberculosis with HIV infection, the leading clinical manifestations of coinfection were asthenovegetative, bronchopulmonary syndromes, lesions of the skin and mucous membranes, lymphadenopathy, hepatomegaly, and weight loss. The structure of clinical forms of tuberculosis and its clinical manifestations largely depend on the primary infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis or HIV. The severity of the comorbid condition is largely determined by the clinical form of tuberculosis disease and the stage of HIV infection. Timely diagnosis of HIV-ТВ co-infcction and adequate management of patients slow down the rate of development of infectious processes of both infections, and have a positive effect on reducing the intensity of the epidemic process of both HIV infection and tuberculosis -
This article details the pathogenetic aspects of Covid-19 and post-covid-19 lung complications. The mechanisms of viral damage, the cellular level of the host response, as well as the inflammatory and fibrotic responses to Covid-19 arc examined in detail, all the results described show that adequate individually tailored ventilation support for damaged or initially "hard" lungs can reduce the severity of stress-induced release of fibroblast transforming factor beta and to reduce the activity of СРВ-induced activation of profibrotic signals. -
Treatment and prevention of pollinosis is one of the most important and complex problems. Their relevance is characterized by a high frequency of occurrence of a close dependence on natural and climatic conditions. Currently, the importance of early diagnosis and treatment of allergic diseases is emphasized to promote active and healthy aging. -
In order to study the frequency of occurrence, clinical characteristics, and diagnosis of interstitial pneumonia in the pulmonary department of hospitals, a retrospective analysis of case histories of 22 patients with nonspecific interstitial pneumonia who were hospitalized in the pulmonology department of the Samarkand medical association in 2018-2019 was performed. An increase was found in patients with interstitial lung diseases, which are observed more often in women of working age, with prevalence of dyspnea, weakness, cough in the clinic, and the importance of the use of imaging technologies is indicated. Consultation of a pulmonologist is recommended for patients with rheumatic diseases. -
THE IMPORTANCE OF PALLIATIVE MEDICAL CARE FOR PATIENTS WITH SEVERE AND CHRONIC FORMS OF TUBERCULOSISPalliative care is an approach aimed at improving the quality of life of patients and their families with hfe-threatening disease-related problems. The aim of the study was to determine the need for palliative care in patients with severe and chronic forms of tuberculosis. This study involved 43 patients with severe or moderate tuberculosis. We used the HADS scale to help determine the level of anxiety and depression in patients, the Charlson scale to determine the level of comorbidity in patients with long-term follow-up, and the Visual Analog Scale (VAS) to assess chronic pain. In summary, treatment of patients with severe and chronic forms of tuberculosis requires palliative care, including medical and psychological interventions.
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Inflammatory processes of the nose and its sinuses belong to the category of common typcs of pathology of the upper respiratory tract and firmly occupy a leading place from the entire structure of ENT pathologies. One of the common clinical productive forms of chronic sinusitis is cystic sinus disease. The aim of our study was to evaluate the effectiveness of endonasal access through the lower nasal passage in the surgical treatment of patients with chronic cystic sinusitis. Our study involved patients who had an autopsy of the maxillary sinuses through the lower nasal passage with the incision we proposed. According to objective and subjective studies, the use of our proposed incision for minimally invasive access minimized the risk of local complications in the early and late postoperative periods, as well as reduced the time of inpatient treatment. -
Chronic atrophic rhinitis among all diseases of the ENT organs occurs in 10% of cases. This process is very rarely diffuse and mainly from an ailment, the nasal cavity and nasopharynx are sometimes tracheal membranes. The aim of the study was to study the indicators of a general analysis of blood, iron and ferritin in the blood. A study was conducted of 20 people with a diagnosis of atrophic rhinitis. After the initial reaction, expressed in the form of increased bone marrow production, a significant predominance of lymphocytes sets in again. Based on this, it can be concluded that a degenerative shift with an increase in the number of lymphocytes should apparently indicate a chronic infectious irritant. -
The lobar emphysema accounts high proportion in the structure of malformations of the bronchopulmonary system. The severity of clinical signs and the course of the disease are correlated with the degree and volume of pulmonary parenchyma lesion. The most frequently observed subcompensated course. A radical method of treatment is surgical correction and it depends on the volume and location of the lesion. The dynamic observation is necessary in case of residual emphysema after the resection in the remaining sections of the lungs. -
On the establishment of prescription of nasal bone fracturesThe cases (144) of the forensic examination of the injured were analyzed using a picture of radiographs, computed tomography and multispiral computed tomography in order to clarify the criteria for establishing the limitation of nasal bone fractures. It was revealed that the presence and dynamics of soft tissue swelling of the nose tissues are the criteria for establishing the limitation of nasal bone fractures in the early post-traumatic period. In the remote period of injury - X-ray picture, CT, MSCT can be used as methods of exhaustive doubt in forensic practice. Changing the state of the edges and angles of fragments, the nature of the line of enlighten- ment between fragments can be used as a criterion for establishing the prescription of fractures of the bones of the nose.
Journal problems of biology and medicine -
Annotation, /\ccording to the World Health Organization (WHO), drug adverse reactions are harmful or side effects that occur in the body as a result of the use of dnigs to treat, diagnose, or prevent disease. The aim of the study was to study the functional state of the thyroid gland in patients with destructive forms of pulmonary tuberculosis before and after the phase of intensive treatment with anti-tuberculosis chemotherapy. We examined patients hospitalized in the Samarkand regional ТВ dispensary, first diagnosed with a destructive form of pulmonary tuberculosis. The results obtained suggest that synthetic analogs of thyroid hormones can serve as a basis for simultaneous use with anti-tuberculosis chemotherapy. This allows patients to achieve successful results in the treatment of tuberculosis. -
Purpose of the study: to study the morphological structure of the intrapulmonary arteries. Materials and methods. For the experiment. 60 white outbred laboratory rats, weighing 220-280 grams, males aged 4-5 months were used. The structure of the layers of the intrapulmonary arteries and their morphometry were studied. Conclusion: to compare the morphological structure of the intrapulmonary arteries, we studied them at 6 levels. Arteries of the 1st and 3rd level belong to the muscular-elastic type, arteries of the 4th-6th level - to the arteries of the muscular type. For a more thorough examination, the arteries were divided into three groups: arteries of small, medium and large caliber. The results of our research show that a spiral smooth muscle layer develops on grade 3 and 4 arteries. This layer appears in cross-section as a separate pillow-like bulge. It is located close to the outer elastic membrane on the side of the adventitia. Output. In conclusion, we can say that during the transition of the muscular-elastic arteries to the muscular arteries on the side of the adventitia, an additional muscle layer is formed, which surrounds the vessel wall in the form of a spiral. As a result, the size of the middle layer of the artery increases. This leads to a change in the Kernogh index. -
A new method of treatment for atrophic rhinitis with phonophoresis was used in 25 patients. The treatment was carried out with an ultrasound device UTP-I with a modified emitter (head size - I cm*). The area of the back and the slopes of the external nose, previously lubricated with vaseline oil. was subjected to sonication, while the preparation Olyfrin was injected into the nose. Ultrasound with an intensity of 0.15-0,2 W/cm2 was used in a continuous mode. The duration of exposure is 5 minutes. The procedures were carried out every other day. The course is 10-15 procedures. A directly positive effect was observed in all patients; in 8 patients all symptoms of the disease disappeared, in 12 patients the most painful symptoms (difficulty in nasal breathing, crusts formation), in 5 patients a weakening of symptoms was observed. In 15 patients, only ultrasound and the introduction of tampons with olive oil into the nasal cavity were used. Disappearance of symptoms of the disease was noted in 5 patients, in 10 patients dryness in the nose did not disappear. The results of the treatment were followed up in terms of 3 to 6 months. Recurrence of the disease with a significant weakening of symptoms was observed in 5 patients who received ultrasound and in 3 patients treated with phonophoresis. -
Evaluation of phagocytosis neutrophilic link indicators in patients with Chronic forms of rhinosinusitis after endoscopic operationsIn recent years, there has been a significant increase in chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) tn the structure ot diseases of the ENT organs. Chronic forms of rhinosinusitis arc one of the most common and often recurrent diseases of the nose and paranasal sinuses, the nature and mechanism of which have not been fully understood. The aim of this work is to study the main indicators of the neutrophilic link in phagocytosis in patients with chronic forms of rhinosinusitis. After the operative period, all patients underwent endonasal low-intensity laser therapy and recovery was observed in all patients. In conclusion, it should be noted that the use of endonasal low-intensity laser therapy after surgical treatment has shown some effective results compared with traditional treatment.
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Republican Specialized Scientific and Practical Center of Phthisiology and Pulmonology, Tashkent, Uzbekistan The article presents an analytical analysis of studies on changes in the hemostatic system in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Data obtained in the course of studies of coagulation and anticoagulation systems, as well as possible pathogenetic causes of these conditions in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease are presented. The authors claim that establishing the causes of hypercoagulation in this category of patients will allowr to develop effective preventive measures for thrombotic complications. -
Assessment of the perinatal risk of premature birth in women with Pulmonary tuberculosisThe analysis of factors of perinatal risk of premature birth in women with pulmonary tuberculosis is conducted. A high perinatal risk of obstetrical complications on the background of the tuberculosis process is established. It is shown that under tuberculosis the premature birth is a cause of perinatal pathology, morbidi-ty, disability, and child mortality. It is proved that perinatal pathology and mortality are associated or deter- mined by premature birth and leads to an increase in the level of insufficient weight to the term of gestation of children, and the mortality in this category of newborns is 33 times higher in comparison with full-term chil-dren
Journal problems of biology and medicine -
The cases (144) of forensic examination of victims were analyzed with the aim of clarifying the mechanism of injury in various types of nasal bone fractures. It has been revealed that fractures of the bones of the nose arise mainly from the impact of a blunt instrument by the mechanism of impact and pressure, less often from the impact, pressure and slip of a blunt solid instrument. In assessing the mechanism of bone fractures, along with the nature and circumstance of the injury, a change in the shape of the nose should be investigated and assessed. It is also necessary to take into account the individual anatomical structure of the skull, such as the structure of the face and external nose, as well as the design of the nose itself. -
Generalized 173 cases results of forensic medicine expertise (inspect) associated with mechanical trauma of nose. It is established, that expert approach to forensic medical evaluation trauma following fracture of nose bones have to differentiated and individualized. On the severity damaging nose need to take into consideration, that occurring complication at the moment of trauma and delayed effect (nose deformation, nasal septum, disorders function of internal organs and brain). It is possible to carry on complex examination of substantiation stage severity of nose trauma as: functional-clinical, x-ray, and also CT. MSCT observations. -
Assessment of the possibility of improving functional reserves in patients With myocardial infarction and pulmonary comorbidity in the course of rehabilitationThe development of medical technologies and consequent aging of population requires multidisciplinary approaches in treating patients with myocardial infarction, as the number of comorbid pathologies usually increases with age. Comorbid pathology significantly complicates the process of diagnosis and treatment, results in patients disability, impedes adequate rehabilitation. The purpose of the given research was to analyze the relationship between pulmonary comorbidity and functional parameters of patients with myocardial infarction. 371 patients with acute myocardial infarction, who were undergoing inpatient stage of recovery, were examined. Entry criteria included: confirmed diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction and written informed consent of patients to participate in the study. Exit criteria included: psychiatric disorders, diseases of internal organs at the decompensation stage, as well as the presence of hemodynamically significant heart defects. The patients’ age was 66.16± 10.41 years. Of the patients participating in the research, 67.12% were male and 32.88% were female. Results and discussion. The development of myocardial infarction with underlying comorbid pulmonary pathology has its clinical and hemodynamic peculiarities, often complicated by left ventricular failure, and also has a tendency to the emergence of Dressier's syndrome, which aggravates the therapeutic process and limits the possibilities of rehabilitation. Limiting factors that significantly reduce the functionality of patients with myocardial infarction in combination with pulmonary pathology are smoking status, mitral and tricuspid valve regurgitation, elevated pulmonary artery pressure, as well as the Charlson Comorbidity Index. Smoking contributes to a significant deterioration of functional reserves in patients with myocardial infarction and pulmonary comorbidity, therefore, an indispensable part of the rehabilitation of these patients must be programs aimed at helping smokers to quit.
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Optimization methods for diagnosis and treatment acute abscess and gangrene of the lungs in patients with diabetesAn effective treatment for acute suppurative destructive lung diseases and diabetes mellitus is a topical application of antibacterial drugs in large doses by prolonged selective intraarterial catheter therapy
Journal problems of biology and medicine -
Peculiarities of the response of the respiratory disorder syndrome in deeply- DiseasedTwenty deeply depressed with respiratory distress syndrome were examined. It was revealed that this syndrome in deeply premature in the early neonatal period is characterized by a change in the surfactant system, the clinical picture of which is characterized by a prolonged development of respiratory failure symptoms, disseminated small atalec-tasis. and air bronchogram symptoms from the first days of life.
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Main risk factors for the development of respiratory distress sindrome In newborns depending on the age of hetationThe main risk factors for the development of the respiratory disorders syndrome in 60 newborns of various periods of gestation were identified, based on a study of the social - biological and obstetric history. We know that significant antenatal risk factors for the birth of deeply premature babies with respiratory disorders were aggravated gynecological and obstetric anamnesis whereas in premature gestation 33-36 months and full- term risk factors were the pathology of labor.
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