All articles - Urology and Nephrology
Number of articles: 404
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Новое заболевание поставило перед всеми специалистами здравоохранения новые задачи, связанные с профилактикой, быстрой днагности кой и оказанием медицинской помощи больным. Сведения об эпидемиологии, этиологии, патоге незу, клинической и лабораторной диагностике, а также профилактике и терапии этого заболевания по мере изучения постоянно расширяются и до полняются. -
DYNAMICS OF THE RESULTS OF TREATMENT OF UROLOGICAL DISEASES BY LAPAROSCOPIC METHOD ACCORDING THE RISE OF DEGREE OF MEDICAL SKILLS OF THE SURGEONSIntroduction. Periodic evaluation of the results of new invasive medical technologies introduced into practice allows timely identification of procedural-specific complications and development of optimal tactics for the elimination of complications and measures to prevent them, which will eventually lead to a reduction in the rehabilitation time of patients, reduce economic costs and improve the quality of surgical interventions. Purpose. Evaluation of the relationship between the results of laparoscopic operations and the accumulated experience of a specialist surgeon. Material and methods. From 2010 to 2020, 2,580 laparoscopic (40 different types) operations were performed in 2,369 patients at the RSCPMC of Urology. The research period was divided into 2 stages: the period of development (2010-2015, 1025 operations) and the accumulated experience (2016-2020, 1344 operations). Results. The duration of operations was more significant during the period of development of technical details of the operative procedures (p<0.05). The frequency of intraoperative complications did not differ significantly between the groups. However, at the stage of mastering the technology, more severe complications were observed more often, with the accumulation of experience, severe intraoperative complications began to be noted less often, and they were mainly associated with the complexity and duration of operations. The frequency of postoperative complications, with the gaining of experience, decreased by 2 times. Conclusions. The results of laparoscopic interventions arc determined by the degree of mastering the technology of operative procedures.
Medicine and innovations -
ASSESSMENT OF LOCAL AND HUMORAL IMMUNITY IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC PYELONEPHRITISThe article describes the relationship between the disease of chronic pyelonephritis and the state of the oral fluid by studying the changes in the level of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines in various biological fluids of the body, in order to include in the subsequent differentiated immunocorrection of the combined form of the disease. We examined 68 patients with chronic pyelonephritis aged 25 to 65 years and older, with a disease duration of 3 to 10 years (of which 67.2% were women and 32.8% were men). It was revealed that the increased content of pro-inflammatory mediators IL-1, IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-a in the oral fluid of patients with CP can activate inflammatory and destructive processes and manifest themselves in the form of exacerbations of periodontal disease and oral mucosa.
Medicine and innovations -
COMPLICATIONS OF RENAL CELL CARCINOMA WITH METASTASIS TO BONE AND LYMPH NODES AFTER TARGETED THERAPYThe article presents the results obtained during adjuvant targeted therapy in patients with locally advanced renal cell carcinoma with drugs belonging to the group of RANKL inhibitors and angiogenesis blockers. Complications of targeted therapy were studied in 46 patients with renal cell carcinoma who metastasized to bone in regional lymph nodes. The following side effects have been reported during treatment with axitinib and denosumab: weakness, increased blood pressure or exacerbation of hypertension, diarrhea, or hypothyroidism. Based on the results obtained, we recommend the use of acitinib and denosumab in patients with metastasis to the lymph nodes and bones of renal cancer, with particular emphasis on the prevention of complications in treatment.
Doctor's Herald -
PATHOGENETIC SIGNIFICANCE OF POLYMORFHIC GENES OF MATRIX METALLOPROTEINASES AND THEIR TISSUE INHIBITORS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF CHRONIC GLOMERULONEPHRITIS IN CHILDRENThe incidence of chronic glomerulonephritis has been steadily progressing over the past 10 years and accounts for 36.76% of all diseases of the kidneys Diseases of the urinary system, according to WHO, currently occupy the 2nd place among the main forms of renal pathology characteristic of childhood. In the structure of kidney diseases in children hospitalized in the nephrological department, glomerulonephritis occupies the second place [I]. The urgency of the problem of chronic glomerulonephritis is explained not by the prevalence of the disease, but by the course of the disease and the development of renal failure [2J. Chronic glomerulonephritis is one of the severe kidney diseases in children, which is characterized by the frequent development of complications and progression of the disease.
Doctor's Herald -
The analysis of scientific literature devoted to changes in organs and tissues of the oral cavity in chronic kidney disease (CKD). The number of patients with CKD is increasing, and the segment of the population requiring dental care is increasing. CKD and its treatment lead to many changes in the teeth and tissues of the mouth. Renal replacement therapy can affect the condition of periodontal tissues, including gingival hyperplasia during immunosuppression, increased microbial contamination, gingivitis, plaque deposition, and a possible increase in the prevalence and severity of periodontal destructive processes. -
The article discusses the diagnosis and treatment of urinary incontinence in children. The etiological factors of urinary incontinence in children are considered in detail. Practical recommendations are given to doctors on the choice of approaches to diagnosis and effective medications for treatment and pharmacological methods of therapy. As one of the effective medications for the treatment of monosymptomatic nocturnal urinary incontinence, the drug Driptan (oxybutynin hydrochloride) is recommended. -
The article described current issues and views on the clinical features of acute liver failure from the perspective of the European (EASL) and Asian Pacific (APASL) and the International (IASL) Association for the Study of the Liver. New approaches to assessing the initial state of patients with hepatocellular insufficiency and the development of extrahepatic fulminant complications are represented. -
Development of algorithms for performing tubeless and totally tubeless percutaneous nephrolithotomy in patients with nephrolithiasisA comprehensive examination and treatment of 345 patients with stones of the upper urinary tract. The use of the drainage-free and completely drainage-free PNL algorithm allowed 51.9% of the operated patients to perform the drainage-free PNL, and for 38.8%, the completely drainless PNL. As a result, the frequency of the catheter-associated BMI decreased, respectively, by 5.2% and 14.4%. The inclusion in the complex of ther- apeutic measures of the developed algorithm for performing a drainage-free and completely drainage-free PNL allows optimizing the tactics of endoscopic nephrolithiasis surgery and increasing the clinical efficacy of treatment
Journal problems of biology and medicine -
Development of algorithms endoscopic treatment of patients with ipsilateral kidney and ureter stonesA comprehensive examination and treatment of 146 patients with ipsilateral kidney and ureter stones was performed. Results: the use of the endoscopic treatment algorithm for patients with ipsilateral kidney and ureteral stones allowed increasing the degree of stone getting to 87.9%, the duration of operations was 75.3 ± 2.6 minutes, the frequency of intraoperative complications was 2.1 ± 1.2% , the average length of stay of patients in the hospital is 6.2 ± 0.4 bed-days. The inclusion in the complex of therapeutic measures of the developed algorithm of endoscopic treatment of patients with ipsilateral kidney and ureter stones allows to increase the effectiveness of treatment of patients with nephrolithiasis
Journal problems of biology and medicine -
REMODELING PROCESS SEDTSE PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC HEART FAILURE WITH RENAL DYSFUNCTIONChronic heart failure is still the most common, severe complication of heart diseases with poor prognosis. Today the problem of cardiorenal syndrome in patients with heart failure is widely discussed
Doctor's Herald -
Tuberculosis is a deadly disease that is becoming more serious every year. According to the WHO. about a third of the world's population is infected with tuberculosis. A new case of infection occurs approximately every second. Tuberculosis is a social problem that causes significant damage due to disability and premature death at the most productive age. The deterioration of the ecological situation, migration, and a decrease in the living standards of the population have led to a significant deterioration in the epidemiological situation. In Uzbekistan, there is a high incidence of children from contact with patients with tuberculosis. The epidemic process is negatively affected by the developing epidemic of HIV infection, as well as the growth of patients with multidrug resistance, mycobacterium tuberculosis to anti-tuberculosis drugs. At present, a comprehensive program has been developed in the Republic of Uzbekistan for the elimination of tuberculosis, which makes it possible to identify and cure the disease in the early stages. Tuberculosis still kills thousands of people around the world every year. This is an extremely dangerous and insidious enemy of all mankind. Tuberculosis stands alongside AIDS and tumors and continues to claim lives. Kidney tuberculosis is the most common form of extrapuhnonary tuberculosis. -
One of the necessary and important tasks of the preventive direction of nephrology is the identification and stratification of risk factors for the development and progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD). However, the classification of the factors seems to be controversial. It is especially difficult to draw the line between the factors of development and progression of CKD. It has now been proven that most of the traditional risk factors for cardiovascular disease arc also risk factors for CKD. -
IDENTIFICATION OF RISK FACTORS AND OPTIMIZATION OF EARLY DIAGNOSTICS OF CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASEEverywhere today, chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a general medical problem with profound socio-medical and economic consequences associated with its widespread prevalence among the population, disability, mortality due to the development of the terminal stage of the disease. Based on the interpretation of the data obtained, a methodological approach was used by a number of researchers who applied it to assess various factors. In this case, 21 factors were selected for analysis, which occupied a certain place in the onset and development of CKD.
Doctor's Herald -
PREDICTIVE VALUE OF DETECTION MODIFIED DEVELOPMENT RISK FACTORS AND CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE PROGRESSION IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE PRIMARY LINK HEALTH CAREChronic kidney disease (SKD) is a common condition that is associated with increased risk factors for the development of the disease. A number of global, widespread and growing chronic noncommunicable diseases are high risk factors for the development of CKD. Analyzes of the research results show that with the most well-known traditional risk factors (age, hypertension, diabetes mellitus and obesity) for the development and progression of CKD in rural residents, some non-traditional risk factors are also important.
Doctor's Herald -
COMPARATIVE CHARACTERISTICS OF RISK FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH MICROALBUMINURIA IN PATIENTS WITH CKDThe main diagnostic method for CKD is urinalysis, where proteinuria and changes in urine sediment are detected. In asymptomatic current stages of CKD and in the absence of clinically overt proteinuria, urinalysis for microalbuminuria allows diagnosis in the early stages of chronic kidney damage. A reliable value of proteinuria is the determination of its amount per daily urine collection of the subjects, which is more than 0.5 g per day, which usually corresponds to MAU <300 mg per day.
Doctor's Herald -
Some indicators of phosphorous-calcium exchanges and general condition in children with tubulo-interstitial kidney diseases48 children with secondary pyelonephritis and oxalate nephropathy were studied. A violation of calcium and phosphorus metabolism was revealed. It depended on the presence of risk factors, among which the patho-logical course of pregnancy in the mother, postponed rickets, deficiency of alimentary calcium, and hypodyna-mia are of the greatest importance
Journal problems of biology and medicine -
The article describes the features of the course of coronavirus infection in patients with kidney disease. The study conducted based on 18 family polyclinics. Were taken patients of two age groups with chronic kidney disease. The laboratory parameters of patients who had had coronavirus infection were assessed, such as lymphopenia, increased ESR. neutrophilia, increased CRP, procalcitonin, urea, creatinine, proteinuria, D-dimer. hematuria. According to the results of studies, covid was more severe in patients with chronic kidney disease in the older age group, which corresponds to the literature data.
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