All articles - Agriculture

In the article, we will get to know the medicinal plant momordica by knowing its botany and morphology. In addition, the article also contains a fascinating history of the medicinal Momordica.

Today, special attention is paid to research institutes in our country. To this end, knowing their current situation and potential is an important aspect of making a plan for the future. In this study, we statistically analyzed the work of the Charkhin Experimental Station of the Research Institute of Horticulture, Viticulture and Enology
named after Academician M. Mirzayev in the field of horticulture over the past three years. According to the results of the analysis, grape seedlings were grown mainly at this experimental station, and the share of apple, apricot, plum and peach seedlings was slightly higher. We have seen a partial increase in grape seedlings in 2021 compared to2019. Apple seedlings will be grown in 2020 and 2021, as well as Fuji, Pink Lady and
Flamingo. 

This article provides information about the importance of kiwi in the national economy, its origin, active ingredients and their beneficial properties for the human body.

This article presents an analysis of the literature on the importance of grafts in growing apple seedlings.

In the article, the ways of using it in the national economy are explained by studying the cultivation of Momordica and its medicinal properties.

Pear has a special place on the table of our people with its elegant smell and taste. In this article, an analysis of scientific researches and literature carried out in our country to date has been carried out. Its main concepts are that pear is the second
most productive fruit tree after apple, and information about pear varieties is given elsewhere.

Physiological changes of apple fruits create a basis for obtaining quality fruits by properly managing the physiological changes that occur in apple fruits. This article reviewed about the physiological processes that occur after pollination in apple fruit.

Apricot is one of the important edible grain fruits in Uzbekistan with early ripening and sweet taste. This article talks about the main cultivated areas and varieties of apricots grown in Samarkand region. This article uses the statistical data of Samarkand region. The results of the observed data showed that the following varieties, namely "Maysky", "Berton", "Wengerka" and "Ispolensky" were planted in the apricot planting areas.

In the article, general information about the shelf life and storage methods of pink grapes is given

Apricot is one of the fruits that stands out for its priceless taste, ripening as one of the first fruits in early spring, and as a decoration of our country's syrup. In this article, the phenological phases of apricot varieties, quality indicators, productivity, indicators of disease symptoms and other similar data were observed. According to it, some varieties of apricots were produced from March 4-5, and some from March 14-15.

In this study, phenological observations of different cultivars of Ishida peach were observed from 2018 to 2020 during periods of widespread disease. The obtained results show that the yield of peach varieties Fesey and Okosukhi is good and it was observed that it was 11.6 kg/d and 14.6 kg/d, respectively.

Young apple trees that are planted in areas with limited water resources face challenges in their early growth stages. Insufficient intake of moisture often stunts the growth of the young tree and impacts its subsequent growth. In this study, we observed the interaction of semi-vigorous Marubakaido (Ma) (Malus prunifolia
„Ringo‟) and dwarfing Jm7 („Marubakaido‟ × M.9) rootstocks, water treatments (50% and 70% soil water content) and soil treatments (water retention substances) on young „Miyabi Fuji‟ apple trees and how this interaction impacts their growth under dry climactic conditions. The development of shoots, stems and roots was analyzed. The results showed that the interaction of rootstock and water and soil treatments had
a significant impact on total shoot length (p < 0.01), as did the interaction of rootstock and soil treatment on the length of the top three shoots (p< 0.05) and trunk fresh weight (p < 0.05). In addition, it was found that the interaction of water and soil treatments impacted shoot fresh weight (p < 0.05). This study revealed that the growth of young apple trees in areas with limited water resources can be aided by providing a 70% and 50% saturation of water and soil retention treatments for young trees that have been grafted onto semi-vigorous Ma and dwarfing Jm7 rootstocks. Growers in these areas should think about which rootstock to use, what soil water retention treatments that can be introduced into the soil as well the amount of water that should be applied.

Today unabi fruit tree widely produced worldwide as well in Uzbekistan. Its food and medical characterization are main value which ample cultivated and harvested. This study is investigated effect of stimulators and growth methods on producing nursery of unabi. The results which obtained during experiment showed that Hosilin treatment more valuable and make sense unabe growth.

The role of grapes in the national economy is of particular importance. In this article, we analyzed the statistical observations of the total amount of grapes produced in Samarkand region in 2015-2021 in the district section. The results of the observed analysis showed that initially Bulungur district was considered the leading district in terms of grape cultivation, and since 2018, Urgut district has been in the first place in terms of grape cultivation. In 2021, 387,910 tons of grapes were produced in Samarkand region.

There are a number of problems in the cultivation of the olive plant in our country today (chilling, low growth rate, drought tolerance and etc). Before growing an olive plant, having sufficient knowledge about its botany and physiology lays the groundwork for growing this plant well. Taking this into account, this article analyzes the botany and physiology of the olive plant based on the information given in the literature.

Time of planting is a normal part of any agricultural operation. It has a particularly importance in water-challenged areas where soil moisture is an issue. During the winter months in these areas, there is usually sufficient precipitation to maintain adequate water content levels in freshly planted trees. However, during the summer and early autumn, there is very little precipitation. This can adversely affect young trees. In this study, measurements were taken to determine root growth and variations in the upper parts of apple trees that were planted in the winter, compared to those planted in the spring when planting usually takes place. To do so, one-year-old 'Miyabi Fuji', grafted onto Marubakaido (Ma) (Malus prunifolia 'Ringo') and M.9 rootstocks, were examined from January through May. The results showed dramatic changes in root growth from March (average root length less than two cm before March) to May (average root length longer than 10 cm)for both rootstocks. Furthermore, trunk moisture content increased over time (51.8% in January and 56.1% in May on M.9). Although root growth in the young apple trees occurred, it is unknown if root water absorption began before or at the same time of the root growth. Root growth developed favorably because of the soil moisture generated by the winter precipitation. We found satisfactory root growth and tree moisture content changes in the trees used in the study, leading us to recommend winter planting in areas where water resources are limited in the non-winter months.

Maqolada qishloq xo‘jaligi yerlaridan oqilona foydalanishni tashkil etishning zamonaviy muammolari keltirilgan. Qishloq xo‘jaligi yerlaridan foydalanish amaliyotining kamchiliklari va qishloq xo‘jaligi yerlarini boshqarish tizimining funksiyalari tarkibi aniqlandi. Qishloq xo‘jaligidan foydalanishning asosiy muammolarini zaif agrar siyosati, yerni boshqarish tizimining yo‘qligi, yerni boshqarishning ayrim funksiyalarining rivojlanmaganligi, qishloq xo‘jaligi ishlab chiqaruvchilarining moliyaviy ba’zasining zaifligi, agrobiznesning jiddiy xavflari deb atashadi. Yerdan foydalanishni tashkil etish muammolarini hal qilish bo‘yicha takliflar asoslanadi qishloq xo‘jaligi maqsadlari: qishloq xo‘jaligi yerlarini boshqarishning samarali tizimini tiklash; yerni boshqarishning asosiy funksiyasi sifatida yerni boshqarishni loyihalash amaliyotini tiklash imkoniyatini ta’minlash; yerlarning holatini samarali monitoring qilish va yer fondidagi sifat o‘zgarishlarini baholash tizimini yaratish; qishloq xo‘jaligi ishlab chiqaruvchilarini moliyaviy qo‘llab quvvatlash, belgilangan yer massivlaridan oqilona foydalanish; qishloq xo‘jaligining investitsion jozibadorligini oshirish.

Бугунги кунда мавзули карта ва планларни яратиш, уларни қайта ишлаш, маълумотлар базаларини шакллантириш, интегрaциялаш ҳамда визуаллаштириш каби ишлар ГАТ технологиясининг асосий мақсадли вазифаларидан бири деб қабул қилинди. Электрон демографик карталарини тузишда маълумотларини тўплаш, уларга мувофиқ маълумотлар базасини шакллантириш ишлари ArcGis, MapInfo, Panorama, GeoDraw, GeoGraph, Atlas Gis, Win Gis, ArcInfo ва бошқа дастурлар асосида олиб борилмоқда. Ушбу мақолада электрон карталарини тузишда маълумотлар тўплаш ва унда замонавий методлардан фойдаланиш, фазовий маълумотларни ГАТларда интегрatsiялаш ҳамда ижтимоий-иқтисодий карталарни тузиш ишлари юзасидан фикр-мулоҳазалар келтирилган.

Hozirda yerlarni monitoring qilish kartalarini tuzish yer bilan bog‘liq bo‘lgan barcha sohalarda hususan, qishloq xo‘jaligida juda katta ahamiyatga egadir. Yerlarni monitoring qilish kartalarini kartografik komponent qoidalari asosida tuzish lozim.

There are several programs of geographic information systems, which are enriched with new improved versions from year to year. Even with the connection to the internet through these programs, the possibilities of carrying out many cartographic works are increasing. For example, it is important to create interactive dynamic maps on different topics. At present, the process of obtaining an intensive - interactive map for moving and changing objects in the spheres of population and population service is character. Maps of the population are necessary for ensuring and satisfying the practice of the national economy, culture and social development. According to the content of the maps of the population, the settlement of the population and its location are divided into maps, demographic, ethnographic anthropological and socioeconomic maps. In this article, opinions on the role of modem GIS technologies in the formation of attributive data and obtaining results and geolocation work on the database are given in the compilation of demographic maps based on the data of the last years.

Мақолада статистик, ҳисоб-китоб, илмий мушоҳада таҳлил ва ҳулосалаш усулларини қўллаган ҳолда мамлакатнинг суғориладиган қишлоқ хўжалиги ерларидан фойдаланиш самарадорлигини тубдан оширишда, турли сабаблар билан қишлоқ хўжалиги айланмасидан чиқиб кетган ерларни қайтаришда катта иқтисодий имконятларга эга бўлган кластерларнинг ўрни ва рўли назарий жиҳатдан кўрсатиб берилган; республика раҳбарияти ва ҳуқуқий томонидан турли йўналишлардаги агрокластерларни ташкил этиш ва ривожлантиришга доир қабул қилинган норматив ҳужжатларга асосланган ҳолда бундай тузилмаларни жойларда мувофақиятли фаолият юритаётганлиги аниқ манбаларга таянган ҳолда эътироф этилмайди; жойларда фаолият юритаётган пахта-тўқимачилик кластерлари ўзларининг иқтисодий ва молиявий имконятларидан фойдаланганлари ҳолда қишлоқ хўжалиги айланмасидан чиқиб кетган экин ерларини қайтариш бўйича кейинги йилларда амалга оширилаётган тадбирларининг бераётган аниқ самаралари ёритилган; бундай тизимни мамлакатда янада ривожлантириш бўйича ҳозирга қадар сақланиб қолаётган муаммолар ҳамда уларнибартараф этиш зарурлиги аниқ манбалар негизида кўрсатиб берилган. 

Ушбу мақолада фойдаланилмаётган ўрмон хўжалиги ерларини қайта фойдаланишга киритиш заруррати ҳақида ёритилган. Тошкент вилояти мисолида фойдаланилмаётган ўрмон фонди ерлари таҳлил қилинган.

Ushbu maqolada yer resurslarini boshqarish bilan bog‘liq ko‘plab muammolar to’grisida fikr yuritilgan. Yer resurslarini boshqarish nafaqat tadbirkorlar, investorlar, klasterlar, dehqon va fermer xo‘jaliklarining yerlardan samarali foydalanishiga, balki yangi ish o‘rinlari yaratish, kambag‘allikni qisqartirish, oziq-ovqat xavfsizligini ta’minlash, ishlab chiqarish raqobatdoshligini va eksport salohiyatini oshirish kabi eng muhim ustuvor masalalarni yechish kabi bir qator muommolar batafsil yoritilgan.

Ўзбекистонда тегишли институционал асослар ва етарли даражада ишлайдиган тартибга солиш тизимига эга кўчмас мулк бозорини яратиш мамлакатдаги ишбилармонлик муҳити ва иқтисодиётдаги инвестиция фаоллигига бевосита таъсир кўрсатадиган энг муҳим вазифалардан биридир.

Yer yuzasida o'zgarishlarni aniqlashning aniqligi
inson va tabiat hodisalari o'rtasidagi munosabatlar va o'zaro ta'sirlarni tizimlari (GIS) erdan foydalanish va er qoplamining o'zgarishi haqida aniq ma'lumot berish imkoniyatiga ega. Ushbu maqolada biz erdan foydalanish va er qoplamining o'zgarishini aniqlash uchun qo'llaniladigan asosiy usullarni o'rganamiz. O'n bitta o'zgarishlarni aniqlash texnikasi ko'rib chiqiladi. Tegishli adabiyotlarni tahlil qilish shuni ko'rsatadiki, eng ko'p qo'llaniladigan usullar tasniflashdan keyingi taqqoslash va asosiy komponentlar tahlilidir. Tasniflashdan keyingi taqqoslash ikki sana o'rtasidagi atmosfera va sensor farqlarining ta'sirini minimallashtirishi mumkin. Tasvirni farqlash va tasvirni nisbatlashni amalga oshirish oson, lekin ba'zida ular aniq natijalarni bermaydi. Gibrid o'zgarishlarni aniqlash ko'plab texnikaning afzalliklaridan to'liq foydalanadigan foydali texnikadir, lekin u murakkab va boshqa usullarning xususiyatlariga bog'liq, masalan, nazorat ostida va nazoratsiz tasniflash. O'zgarishlar vektor tahlilini amalga oshirish qiyin, ammo u o'zgarish yo'nalishi va hajmini ta'minlash uchun foydalidir. So'nggi paytlarda o'zgarishlarni aniqlashda sun'iy neyron tarmoqlar, chi kvadrat, qarorlar daraxti va tasvir sintezi tez-tez ishlatib kelinmoqda. Masofaviy zondlash ma'lumotlari va GISni o'zgarishlarni aniqlashga integratsiyalash bo'yicha tadqiqotlar ham ko'paydi. lekin u o'zgarishlarning yo'nalishi va hajmini ta'minlash uchun foydalidir. So'nggi paytlarda o'zgarishlarni aniqlashda sun'iy neyron tarmoqlar, qarorlar daraxti va tasvir sintezi tez-tez ishlatib kelinmoqda. Masofaviy zondlash ma'lumotlari va GISni o'zgarishlarni aniqlashga integratsiyalash bo'yicha tadqiqotlar ham ko'paydi.