Main problems in translation

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Рахимова, Ш. (2022). Main problems in translation. Переводоведение: проблемы, решения и перспективы, (1), 190–191. извлечено от https://inlibrary.uz/index.php/translation_studies/article/view/6048
Шодия Рахимова, Uzbekistan State World Languages University

1 st  year Master student, Interpretation

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Аннотация

Translation is a type of literary creation that involves re-creating a text in one language in another. Translation is the most important form of interethnic communication. Depending on the nature of the original and the reconstructed text is divided into literary translation, scientific translation and other types. Depending on the style of the original, it can be interpreted, translated, or commented on. Translation originated in ancient times due to the need for communication between people of different tribes. This oral form, called translation, has survived to the present day.


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189

MAIN PROBLEMS IN TRANSLATION

Rakhimova Shodiya Makhmudjonovna

1

st

year Master student, Interpretation, Uzbekistan State World

Languages University


Translation is a type of literary creation that involves re-creating a text in one

language in another. Translation is the most important form of interethnic
communication. Depending on the nature of the original and the reconstructed text is
divided into literary translation, scientific translation and other types. Depending on
the style of the original, it can be interpreted, translated, or commented on.
Translation originated in ancient times due to the need for communication between
people of different tribes. This oral form, called translation, has survived to the
present day. Over time, the requirements for translation will be updated. But its
creative nature, the art of re-creation, does not change. The scope and development
of translation depends on the level of enlightenment of each nation and, in turn, has
an effective impact on the social thinking of the nation. The term

“translation” refers

to the process of translating from one language to another, as well as to a finished
translation. Just as in every field, there are several translation problems in the
translation industry; some are faced by the translators, and some by the clients; while
other ones may be considered structural problems because they pose a problem for
translation itself. There are given some main problems of translation. Structural
variations between languages, cultural differences, compound

words…

The structure of sentences in English and other languages may be different.

This is considered to be one of the main structural problems in translation. For
example, in English the predicative is placed after the subject, but in Uzbek the
predicative comes in the end of the sentence. In Arabic and some other languages,
the subject pronoun is part of the verb, and that determines the subject gender and
the voice of the sentence. The translator has to know the exact structure in each
language, and use the appropriate structure, and they have to ensure that the
translation is performed without changing the meaning as well.

Translation can also be difficult because of cultural differences. Words often

reflect the culture and the society that use them. Therefore, words that are able to
describe very specific things or emotions might now exist in other languages. For
example, the Inuktitut have a far superior ability to distinguish between different types
of snow than most languages because of their multiple specific words for snow.

A compund word is a combination of two or three nouns and adjectives. They

could be closed of three forms closed form, like notebook; hyphenated like long-
distance, or open form like fighter pilot. Some compound words are pretty
straightforward, and mean exactly what they say like afternoon; some mean only half
of the term, like say bellboy, and some mean nothing of their original words

– for

example deadline. In such cases, it can get very tricky for the translator.

In English there are several verbs that are made up of two words usually, a

combination of a verb and a preposition. For example: look up, look down, look for,


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look after, look at, look through, look out, look into; these all mean different things,
though the common verb is look. Here the preposition which follows immediately after
gives it a completely different meaning. It is highly unlikely that translating the two
words into the target language will give you the same meaning!

Missing terms are very common translation issue. In some languages, certain

terms may be completely absent this has also to do with culture, as those objects
may not be used by the people, or those actions or activities may not be permitted or
simply not performed.

This is a potentially difficult situation for the translator, and poses another

important structural problem worth of discussion.

There are several words in the English language that have different meanings

based on the way they are used in the sentence. Words are sometimes spelled alike
and pronounced alike, but have different meanings, like break (a plate) or take a
coffee break. Words that have the same spellings but different pronunciations like to
lead a conference, or a lead pencil.

There are also words that have different spelling but have the same

pronunciation, like break and brake, grate and great, and so on. There are hundreds
of such words in English, and also idioms, metaphors, similes and so on. However,
those words may be different in other languages the translator has to be very vigilant,
and carefully read the source text to fully grasp the meaning. Only after that should
they begin the work of translation; otherwise, it can lead to embarrassing mistakes.

In conclusion translation is not just copying; the aesthetic skill of the translator

leaves a mark on the translation beyond his wishes. Translators who translate into
their target language have more natural knowledge of the various elements like
proverbs, idioms, metaphors, semantics, syntax, morphology etc. than those who
translate into a second language.

REFERENCES:

1. Bassnett S. and Lefevere A. (1998). Constructing Cultures: Essays on

Literary Translation. Clevedon: Multilingual Matters.

2. Boronov Zh.B. Comparative typology of English and Turkic languages.

Moscow

–Vysshaya shkola‖, 1983.

3. Fayzullaeva E.M. The typological category of quantitativeness and

multilevel means of its equation in the Uzbek and English languages. Abstract. Cand.
thesis. Tashkent 1986.

4. Kussmaul P. (1995). Training the Translator. Amsterdam / Philadelphia:

John Benjamins.

5. http://library.navoiy-uni.uz/files/tarjimashunoslik.pdf.

Библиографические ссылки

BassnettS. and Lefevere A. (1998). Constructing Cultures: Essays on Literary Translation. Clevedon: Multilingual Matters.

Boronov Zh.B. Comparative typology of English and Turkic languages. Moscow-Vysshaya shkolall, 1983.

Fayzullaeva E.M. The typological category of quantitativeness and multilevel means of its equation in the Uzbek and English languages. Abstract. Cand. thesis. Tashkent 1986.

Kussmaul P. (1995). Training the Translator. Amsterdam / Philadelphia: John Benjamins.

http://library.navoiy-uni.uz/files/tarjimashunoslik.pdf.

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