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PROBABILISTIC FORECASTING STRATEGY IN
SIMULTANEOUS INTERPRETATION
Ismailova Dilfuza Atabekovna
1
st
year Master, Interpretation, Uzbekistan State World Languages University
The author of the term
“probabilistic forecasting” I.M. Feigenberg defines it like
this:
“The occurrence of situation A is a signal to prepare system of the organism to
a reaction adequate to such a situation B, the conditional probability of occurrence of
which, after A, is maximum... The wider the range of events that followed equally
often in the past for A (that is, the more uncertain the forecast is), the wider range of
physiological systems is mobilized in response to A. Such a pre-setting for action in
the coming situation based on the probabilistic structure of the past experience can
be called probabilistic
forecasting”.
The main difficulty for extending the concept of probabilistic forecasting to
speech processes, including simultaneous interpretation, is that probabilistic
forecasting is applied to random processes, to a linear sequence of random
dependent variables that is so-called Markov chains.
Author of the book
“Interpreter in International conferences” D. Seleskovich
subdivides the process of oral translation, both consecutive and simultaneous, into
three stages:
1. Listening to a linguistic sign that has meaning; perception (area of language)
and understanding (area of thinking and communication) of messages based on its
analysis and interpretation.
2. The immediate and voluntary forgetting of the sign and the preservation of
only the mental image of the signified (the concept, thoughts, etc.).
3. Production in another language of a new sign that meets the double
requirement: the complete transmission of the original message and its adaptation in
the interests of the
recipient” (page 35)
Essentially, it is a research program that the author promises to spend in his
book, named after the term
“outline of the theory of interpretation” (p. 243). This
program, however, remains unfulfilled. Instead of in order to become a
“theory outline”,
the book becomes rather, a popular science essay by a psychologist of speech on the
problems of oral translation (primarily on how it is carried out, as well as on practical
difficulties and shortcomings in organizing it at conferences, which sharply reduce its
possible high efficiency). The two main sections of the book:
“Understanding” and
“Knowledge” and are devoted to the consideration of specific features each of the
stages and stages of the process. These chapters contain many subtle remarks and
observations of the author in within the framework of the general concept already
outlined. In our opinion, the following points are worth noting:
1. The pragmatic aspect of speech is constantly taken into account, especially
important, according to the author, for oral speech, because only when the
understanding of the speaker's speech took place listeners, an act of communication
took place, that is, speech.
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2. In the chapter
“Analysis”, the author points out the difference between the
specific professional nature of the analysis and the understanding of the
speaker’s
speech by the translator, analysis, which is a conscious act requiring great
concentration, from the spontaneous understanding of the audience.
3. In the chapter
“Knowledge of the subject” the author emphasizes that both
too superficial and too deep knowledge of the subject by the translator is fraught with
eternal danger, because, paradoxically, too deep knowledge of the subject leads to
a more superficial analysis, and, consequently, to a less accurate transfer of meaning
original.
4. In the
“Message” chapter, the author comes close to understanding the
probabilistic-predictive nature of the perception process in interpreting. Giving an
example when novice translator conveyed the phrase about the return wounded from
the hospital to the front as their return home, the author remarks:
“Waiting to hear the
conclusion that corresponded to her own logic, she (the interpreter is a woman who
is far from military his own thought in the place of the speaker
’s thought, without
“hearing” what the latter was saying” (p. 61).
In simultaneous interpretation, strategies are divided into strategies based on
two time factors and static factors. Probabilistic prediction is an integral part of
simultaneous interpretation. Probabilistic prediction is used in practice at the expense
of speech redundancy. The higher the redundancy in speech activity, the higher the
probability of successful application of a probabilistic prediction strategy. Conversely,
a probabilistic prediction strategy is ineffective in texts with little language surplus.
There are two reasons for the redundancy in a message: the repetition of certain
elements in the flow of speech and the interdependence of the linguistic components
of the message.
There are two types of probabilistic prediction strategies
– linguistic and
extralinguistic prediction. In linguistic prediction, in many cases, the probability of a
series of words matching is so high that a simultaneous interpreter can make an
almost one hundred percent prediction of the completion of the reasoning structure.
In this case, the text must contain the basic unit, the elements.
Extra-linguistic prediction is based on the non-linguistic knowledge of the
simultaneous interpreter, and the presence of formal indicators allows the interpreter
to predict the continuation of the sentence.
REFERENCES:
1.
Л.С. Барxyдарова Тетради переводчика. – C. 102.
2.
Чернев Г.В. (1978). Теория и практика синхронного перевода., Москва,
Международные отношения. – C. 63.
3. Danica Seleskovitch.
L’interprete dans les confere ces internationales.
“Problemes de langage et de communication”, Paris, Lettres modernes, 1968, – P 261.
4. Ilyukhin V.M. Strategies in simultaneous interpretation / Can. Dis.
– Moscow.
Moscow State University of Linguistics, 2001.