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SIMULTANEOUS TRANSLATION STRATEGIES IN THE
ACTIVITIES OF INTERNATIONAL TRANSLATORS
Shamsiyev Aminjon G‘iyosiddin o‘g‘li
Master student, Uzbekistan State World Languages University
Simultaneous interpretation is a kind of interpretation, the distinctive feature of
which is the simultaneous performance of the speaker and the translation of his
speech by a simultaneous interpreter. This type of simultaneous translation is
sometimes called actually synchronous.
It is carried out at mass international events with a large number of foreign
guests. As a rule, these are long-term events, the duration of which would be doubled
using sequential translation. A prerequisite is the availability of special equipment
–
a booth with headphones and a microphone for the translator, headphones and
language switching channels for translation recipients
– which ensures good sound
quality for all listeners.
Strategy is a method of performing a translation task, which consists in an
adequate transfer from a foreign language to the language of translation of the
sender's communicative intention, taking into account the culturological and personal
characteristics of the speaker, the basic level, the language category and subcategory.
From this definition it can be seen that the concept of strategy includes both purely
linguistic and extralinguistic factors, each of which can determine the choice of one or
another method (or several at the same time) at a certain period of translation.
Moreover, since the strategy is a means of achieving adequacy and equivalence when
translating from, several strategies can be used simultaneously.
The concept of strategy was first introduced into the field of translation by
G. Hoenig and P. Kussmaul (1982), who defined translation strategies as processes
leading to an optimal solution of a translation problem. Hurtado Amparo, a Spanish
translator and researcher, considers translation strategies as separate procedures:
conscious and unconscious, verbal and nonverbal. They are used by the translator
to solve problems that arise in the process of translation, and depend on the specific
conditions of the communicative situation.
The first attempt to understand the translation strategy from the theoretical side
was X. Krings. He proposed such a definition of the translation strategy, which implies
a possible insight of the translator, a certain plan according to which the translator solves
the communicative problem that arose in the translation situation, breaking it into tasks.
For the task-by-task solution of emerging problems, such concepts as macro- and
microstrategy of translation are proposed in this work. Macro-strategy implies a common
vision of solving the whole problem globally, and micro-strategies are ways of solving
certain tasks into which the problem was divided.
For translation competence, a conference translator must have three qualities:
а) linguistic competence, including pragmatic competence, which in turn is
divided into pragmalinguistic competence, consisting, according to R. Setton, in the
knowledge of “particular shades of meaning” of a particular word or expression, and
sociopragmatic, including such broad concepts as knowledge of etiquette, functional
style, etc.;
b) general knowledge, representing a sufficient base on which the general and
specialized vocabulary of a simultaneous interpreter is built, necessary for
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understanding and translating on a specific topic, provided that documents and
reports are provided in advance;
c) skills, or strategies, or the ability to process and process information.
Many simultaneous translation researchers understand strategy as the
necessary skills or certain abilities of a conference translator to process information
for translation from the source language into the translated language.
Simultaneous translation is performed in parallel with the speaker’s speech. As
a rule, translators work in specially equipped isolated rooms and transmit speech to
listeners using special equipment. This type of translation is in demand at large
international conferences, diplomatic meetings, round tables where representatives
of different states are present. Naturally, if each speech is sequentially translated
from the podium several times, this will lead to a great loss of time, so simultaneous
translation is the best way out in such a situation. At the same time, simultaneous
interpretation is the most difficult type of interpretation, since the translator, firstly,
must combine several actions in time: listening to speech in one language, solving
translation tasks and speaking in another language, and secondly, must know the
topic of the meeting well.
REFERENCES:
1.
Комиссаров В.Н. Теория перевода (лингвистические аспекты). – М.:
Высш. шк., 1990. – 253 с
2.
Кафискина О.В.
Общая
теория
перевода.
Вестник
Московского
университета. Серия 22: Теория перевода. 2017; № 1. Available at:
https://cyberleninka.rU/article/n/ strategiya-perevoda-kak-termin-perevodovedeniya/viewer.
3. Setton R.A Pragmatic Theory of Simultaneous Interpretation / doctoral
dissertation, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 1997.
