Translation problems and methods of idioms with component of flora from english into uzbek/russian

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Тўйчиев, Э. (2022). Translation problems and methods of idioms with component of flora from english into uzbek/russian. Переводоведение: проблемы, решения и перспективы, (1), 354–359. извлечено от https://inlibrary.uz/index.php/translation_studies/article/view/6122
Эльбек Тўйчиев, Uzbek State University of World Languages

student

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Аннотация

The process of translating idioms, considered one of the most difficult and controversial tasks in the theory and practice of translation.This process requires a lot of responsibility from the translator, creative research, care and skill. In terms of studying idioms, the creation of an adequate translation, the author's style and style of translation, the reflection of the national color in the translation and the study of important theoretical problems are of great importance


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353

TRANSLATION PROBLEMS AND METHODS OF IDIOMS WITH

COMPONENT OF FLORA FROM ENGLISH INTO

UZBEK/RUSSIAN

To‘ychiyev Elbek

UzSWLU, student


The process of translating idioms, considered one of the most difficult and

controversial tasks in the theory and practice of translation.This process requires a
lot of responsibility from the translator, creative research, care and skill. In terms of
studying idioms, the creation of an adequate translation, the author's style and style
of translation, the reflection of the national color in the translation and the study of
important theoretical problems are of great importance. The risk of error in translation
is great, since idioms are often homonymous to a free combination of words and can
be distinguished only on the basis of context and common logic of the statement.
When translating an idiom, it is necessary to convey not only its meaning, but also
its stylistic coloring, expression, which largely depends on the context and cannot be
provided by any dictionary. Translation of idioms is also complicated by the fact that
idioms, as well as words, are characterized by such phenomena as synonymy,
polysemy and homonymy.

Many idioms have a similar meaning, but are embodied in the language in

different ways, using other images and associations associated with the peculiarities
of the culture of different countries.

When you remove the risk, you remove the challenge.
When you remove the challenge, you wither on the vine.

Wither on the vine-

A beautiful meaningful idiom.

remove

The particle “re” indicates movement in the opposite direction

remove the risk

– here, rather, to recoil, retreat, scared

remove the challenge

– deadly fear of a difficult task

But the whole point is in the last words

– you whither on the vine.

This idiom

wither on the vine

means imminent loss, so instead of

wither on the

vine

they often say ‘die on the vine’. Who misses his chance, there is nothing to help.

Если вы отвергаете риск,
Вы отказываетесь от испытания.
Если вы отказываетесь от испытания,
Вы постепенно разрушаетесь.

(Russian)

Агар хавфни рад қилсангиз
Сиз синовдан воз кечасиз
Агар синовдан воз кечсангиз
Сиз аста-секин қулаб тушасиз

(Uzbek)
Translation of idioms, especially figurative, presents considerable difficulties.

This is explained by the fact that many of them are bright, emotionally rich turns,


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354

which belong to a certain speech style and often have a pronounced national
character. When translating stable combinations of words, one should also take into
account the peculiarities of the context in which they are used. Many English idioms
are characterized by ambiguity and stylistic diversity, which complicates their
translation. Determination of translation difficulties causes the similarity of the idiom
with the free combination. Taking an idiom for a free combination, there are gross
errors in the translation.

Difficulties in translating idioms begin with their recognition in the text. In almost

any language there are several idioms: fixed by the dictionary and known to all; out of
use, but marked by the dictionary; known to all, but for some reason not fixed by the
dictionary; known to certain social groups. The first and most important condition in any
case is to be able to recognize idioms in the text, as opposed to free language units.
The most productive way is the skill of highlighting units that contradict the General
sense in the text, since, as a rule; the appearance of such units indicates the presence
of a figurative value. Therefore, as soon as an expression that logically contradicts the
context appears in the text, it should be considered as a possible idiom.

In two examples, popular songs consider this problem. The first song is a song

by the popular rock band H.I.M.

“Under the Rose”

, the soundtrack to the film “Warrior

of the North”.

I dream of the winter in my heart turning to spring
While the ice gives way under my feet
And so I drown with the sun
I've been burning in water and drowning in flame
To prove you wrong and scare you away
I admit my defeat and want back home
In your heart under the rose
I open my eyes with a sigh of relief
As the warmth of summer's sunlight dances around me
And I see you with dead leaves in your hands
I've been burning in water and drowning in flame
To prove you wrong and scare you away
I admit my defeat and want back home
In your heart under the rose
Я мечтаю о том, чтобы зима в моём сердце сменилась весной,
Чтобы лёд треснул под моими ногами
И я утонул в солнечном свете.
Я пылал в воде и тонул в пламени,
Чтобы доказать твою неправоту и отпугнуть тебя.
Я признаю своё поражение и хочу вернуться домой,
В твоё сердце под розой.
Я открываю глаза с вздохом облегчения,
Ощутив, как теплота солнечного света танцует вокруг меня,
И я вижу тебя с мёртвыми листьями в руках
Я пылал в воде и тонул в пламени,
Я признаю своё поражение и хочу вернуться домой,
Чтобы доказать твою неправоту и отпугнуть тебя.
В твоё сердце под розой.


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355

(Russian)

Истагим қалбимдаги қиш ўрнини бахор эгалласин,
Токай оёкларим остидаги муз парчаларга айлансин
Ва мен қуёш нурига кўмилай.
Мен сувда ёндим, оловда чўкдим
Факатгина сенинг нохақлигингни исботлаш учун.
Мен мағлубиятимни тан оламан ва уйга қайтишни истайман
Сенинг гул остидаги қалбингга.
Енгил нафас олиб кўзларимни очаман,
Атрофимдаги қуёш нурининг тафтини хис килиб,
Ва сени қўлларингда ўлик барглар билан кўрдим
Мен сувда ёндим, оловда чўкдим
Мен мағлубиятимни тан оламан ва уйга қайтишни истайман,
Фақатгина сенинг нохақлигингни исботлаш учун.
Сенинг гул остидаги қалбингга.

(Uzbek )

Many idioms have a similar meaning, but are embodied in the language in

different ways, using other images and associations related to the peculiarities of the
culture of different countries. For example: as fresh as a daisy)

– свежий как огурчик-

янги очилган бахор гулидек;

Russian and Uzbek equivalents are mainly found in the so-called international

expressions found in most Arabic and European languages. Most of them were
borrowed by different languages from the same source. This is especially evident in
the idioms associated with ancient mythology. For example,

the needle in a haystack

idiom is used in three languages (English, Russian and Uzbek) since this expression
came from Arabic. In Russian, there are more equivalents of idioms with a component
of flora than in Uzbek. This is due to the fact that the basics of many expressions in
English and Russian are expressions of European languages.

Idioms equivalents can be complete, i.e. coinciding in lexical composition and

grammatical structure (all the above examples), and incomplete

– having minor

particular lexical or grammatical differences. Translation of idioms by means of
equivalents is the simplest case and does not cause any difficulties.

1. Selection of idioms analog-figurative phraseological unit in the Uzbek

language in the sense similar to the English idiom:

Rolling stone gathers no moss-

Қимирлаган қир ошар

Broken reed-

Ишонган тоғда кийик ётмас

Come up roses-

Хамирдан қил суғургандек

Fresh as a daisy-

Қирчиллама йигитдек

Last straw-

Сўнги томчи

Mighty oaks from little acorns grow-

Тома-тома кўл бўлур

Not to worth a bean-

Бир тийинга ҳам арзимайди

Run around the bush-

Гапни айлантирмоқ

Roll my log and I'll roll yours-

Қарз икки қўлдан чиқади

Selection of idioms analog-figurative phraseological unit in the Russian
language in the sense similar to the English idiom:

April showers bring May flowers-

Нет худа без добра

Late bloomer-

Поздняя птичка


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356

Tumbleweed moment-

Как в лужу плюнуть

Beat around the bush

-

Ходить вокруг да около

Сarry a big stick

-

Мягко стелить, жестко спать

Easy as falling off a log-

Проще пареной репы

Fresh as a daisy-

Свежий как огурчик

Grass is always greener on the other side-

В чужом кармане и монеты звонче

Have roses in one's cheeks-

Кровь с молоком

Last straw-

Последняя капля

Little strokes fell great oaks-

Капля камень точит

Make hay while the sun shines-

Ковать железо, пока горячо

Old chestnut-

История «с бородой»

Single bamboo cannot form a row-

O

дин в поле не воин

The selection of a similar idiom requires the translator's fluency in all the

resources of the Russian language, as well as careful observance of the stylistic and
genre uniformity of the analogue with the original idiom. Often English idioms there
are several Uzbek and Russian analogues, differing in stylistic characteristics and
nuances of usage:

– Rolling stone gathers no moss

Қимирлаган қир ошар,
Тоққа чиқмасанг дўлона қайда

Little strokes fell great oaks

Кўз қўрқоқ қўл ботир
Сабрни таги олтин

Grass is always greener on the other side

В чужом кармане и монеты звонче
Хорошо там, где нас нет
The choice is made on the basis of context, but the creative individuality of the

translator also plays a significant role. The selection of an analogue often requires a
careful analysis of the context, the nature of the translated idiom and its Uzbek and
Russian correspondence. There are also very difficult cases with discrepancies.

3. Calque is a literal translation of the English idiom. This method is inferior to

the previous two and is used in the absence of an English idiom equivalent or
analogue in the Uzbek or Russian language (or the inability to use an analogue under
the terms of the context).

The use of

сalque in the translation of English idioms with a component of flora

into the Uzbek language:

Just as the twig is bent, the tree’s inclined-

Шох қайси томонга эгилса, дарахт

хам ўша томонга эгилади

As welcome as (the) flowers in May

-

Май гуллари каби ёқимли

The use of

сalque in the translation of English idioms with a component of flora

into the Russian language:

Pull smb.’s chestnuts out of the fire –

T

аскать каштаны из огня для кого-либо

Seed money

Сеять деньги

Wallflower

Желтофиоль садовая

Draw the shortest straw-

Вытянуть короткую соломинку

The resulting calculus expression is not an idiom in Uzbek and Russian and is

an occasional formation. There are two mandatory requirements to it:

– its imagery


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357

should be easily perceived by the Uzbek and Russian readers;

– it should comply

with all the norms of the Uzbek and Russian languages.

The choice is made on the basis of context, but the creative individuality of the

translator also plays a significant role. The selection of an analogue often requires a
careful analysis of the context, the nature of the translated idiom and its Uzbek and
Russian correspondence. There are also very difficult cases with discrepancies.

4. Descriptive translation is the transmission of the meaning of an English

idiom by a free combination of words in Russian. In this case, the loss of imagery,
and hence the expressive expressiveness of the original, is inevitable. This method
is used by the translator, if it is impossible to use any of the above.

The use of descriptive translation in the translation of English idioms with a

component of flora into the Uzbek language:

Вe a stick-in-the-mud –

Ўзгаришлардан қўрқадиган инсон

Be out of the wood

Қийинчиликларни енгиб ўтмоқ

Cut down the tall poppies

Оммадан ажралиб турадиганларни танқид қилмоқ

Grasp the nettle

Сабот билан қийинчиликни енгмоқ

Grasp at straws

Охирги имкониятдан фойдаланмоқ

Hold out an olive branch-

Мунозарани тинчлик йўли билан хал этмоқ

Not have a bean-

Чўнтагида чақа ҳам йўқ

Olive branch

Тинчлик йули билан муаммони хал қилмоқ

Рaint the lily –

Фойдасиз иш билан шуғулланмоқ

The use of descriptive translation in the translation of English idioms with a

component of flora into the Russian language:

Bean counter

Человек, который тщательно подсчитывает расходы

Be up a gum tree-

Быть в очень сложной ситуации

Dead wood

Что-либо, утратившее свою полезность

Gild the lily

Заниматься ненужным, бесполезным делом

Grass roots

Стихийный возникший в народе

Kick something into the long grass-

Отложить проблему, забыть проблему

Path strewn with roses

Легкая, беззаботная жизнь, без проблем и

трудностей.

5. Contextual substitution is used in cases when the content of Uzbek and

Russian idioms conveys the semantic and stylistic meaning of the English idiom with
sufficient accuracy.

Mighty oaks from little acorns grow

Тома-тома кўл бўлур

Everything‘s coming up roses –

Все идет как по маслу

This English idiom has neither equivalent nor analogues, the calcified

expression are simply incomprehensible, and even a descriptive translation. In this
situation, contextual substance is the only way out.

The importance of learning idioms with the component of the flora as a means

of expressing national character. In translation there are many features concerning
with the translation of English idioms to keep the expressiveness of English idioms
the translator has to make a change to the translation text of idioms with a component
of flora. When translating idioms with flora component, it is important not only to have
adequate lexical meaning of idioms, but also to have a great importance of syntactic
and stylistic coloring of the original. Despite the difficulties of translating English
idioms, in order to achieve the correct translation of idioms it is necessary to take into


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358

account the stylistic peculiarities of idioms and how to preserve their lexical meaning.
In modern world, communication between peoples and cultures is growing and
developing dramatically. Due to the improvement of cultural exchange, it is necessary
to pay special attention to the Uzbek school of translation. Therefore, it is necessary
to address the urgent tasks assigned to the Uzbek school of translation, which
modernity and our time put before it. Based on this, it is important to study the idioms
of the English language.

The process of translating idioms, considered one of the most difficult and

controversial tasks in the theory and practice of translation, this process requires a
lot of responsibility from the translator, creative research, care and skill. In terms of
studying

idioms, the creation of an adequate translation, the author’s style and style

of translation, the reflection of the national color in the translation and the study of
important theoretical problems are of great importance. Translation of idioms is of
grea

t importance in reflecting the individual author’s style in translation.

So, it turns out that, despite the considerable difficulties associated with the

“difficult to translate” idioms, the translator is mainly able to convey the meaning of
idioms. However, losses in translation are inevitable, since it is impossible to fully
convey all the components of phraseological meaning, as it is impossible to fully
preserve the form and content of puns.

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