486
FORMATION OF SPORT TERMS IN THE ENGLISH AND
UZBEK LANGUAGES
Allamova Mavluda Komilboeyva
Student of master’s degree UzSWLU
The analysis of the Uzbek language borrowed layer showed that the dictionary
contains lexical units of sport borrowed from Arabic, Persian, Russian and other
languages.
Over the past two decades, the formation of new lexical units by the use of
calque method in the Uzbek language has been considered to be even more effective
method than in English. One of the main reasons of this is the fact that the
developmental phase of sports in our country is coincided with the years of
independence. For example: if
қўл тўпи
is the translation of the English language
term handball,
қўлбоғич
(
енг боғ
) is the translation of the term armband in English.
If the term
тўпурар
is given in English as goalscorer, the term
тизза
-
банд
can be
used in English as knee-pad. The
тишқолип
(in boxing) is calqued by the English
language word gum shield and the term
тахтасупа
is calqued by the French word
plateforme, while the
қўшэгар
represents the term tandem in Latin. The term
қопкўрпа
is a calque of combination of the Russian words
spalny meshok
(sleeping
bag), and the term
отчопар
is a calque of the term hippodrome borrowed from the
French language. Such kind of word formation in the Uzbek language was
considered to be non-productive, but the striving to find translation alternatives for
the international sport terms led to a growing necessity for this method.
In the process of morphological derivation, it is more complicated to identify
micro-categorical allomorphic features, for instance, the English suffix -er is
considered as an alternative suffix to Uzbek -
чи
, the English suffix
– er does not have
the multi functionality like in Uzbek. Therefore, in the composition of derived units,
the suffix -er does not always correspond to Uzbek
–
чи
. For example:
полочи
–
poloist; the terms
–
иштирокчи
– participant;
спортчи
- sportsman - are the clear
indication of this.
From ancient times, our ancestors were engaged in wrestling, the Olympic
Games, hand-to-hand combat, so in our language there are terms related to this
sport. This article discusses how boxing terms borrow from one language to another
as a type of derivation. In particular, their history emphasizes their coverage through
examples.
Since boxing originated in ancient Greece, the first terms of boxing were
reflected in the Greek-Latin language.
“Pugilism”
means
“musht”
,
“boxing”
and in
Latin
“Pugnus”
means
“fist”.
It is noteworthy that the word
“pugil”
is based on the Latin word, in English
pugilist
–
bokschi
and
pugilism
–
“boks”
. Perhaps this is due to the fact that Latin is
considered a bobotil in all Indo-European languages.
Since the boxing terminology dictionary contains both terminological and
international relations, there is a common terminological commonality in this special
boxing language in English and Uzbek.
487
There are a lot of words in Uzbek boxing terminology that come from English,
because it is impossible to translate most English boxing terms into Uzbek and find
alternative variants, just like Uzbek Kurash. Because Kurash is also native to
Uzbekistan, terms such as
“kurash”
,
“chala”
and
“yonbosh”
are widely used in other
countries where wrestling is practiced, and boxing terms are still used.
As mentioned above, in modern Uzbek literary language, in addition to the
section on morphemes, word formation is also studied as a separate field. Word-
formation techniques include affixation (by adding) and composition (by adding
words). Word formation is commonly referred to as
derivation
(word formation).
We have seen in the above examples in Uzbek that the phenomenon of
derivation has diachronic (historical) and synchronous (current) methods.
We are interested in the current issue of synchronous construction. Because
diachronic word formation is an object of study in the history of language, and it is
very old.
Based on the above facts, in the second part of our third chapter, we talked
about the derivative features of the boxing language. For example, in boxing
terminology, borrowing from other languages, and words from French, German,
Latin, Greek, and other languages entered the field of boxing terms.
This article also analyzes the ways in which terms are constructed. Examples
include:
The word component of boxing terminology is also unique. In this case, the
sports terms are formed mainly by the suffixes
-ist, -ing, -ation, -er
.
For example:
-
ing
: (awarding, blocking); -
er / -or
: (announcer, boxer, bruiser); -
ist: titlist
; -
ation
: (qualification, disqualification); -
er
: (stomacher, counter); Prefixes:
-re:
(rematch); -
semi
: (semi-finalist, semi-final);
-dis
: (disqualification, disqualify) and
others.
Syntactic word construction in boxing terminology also has its own
characteristics and appearance. An example of this is the formation of phrases.
In the course of the analysis, we came across not only two or three boxing
terms, but also four, five, and six phrases. Such words are mostly idioms.
REFERENCES:
1. Filimonova O.V., (2011). Linguistics: Word coinage and ways of forming
neologisms. Collection of scientific papers of students 2, 254
–255.
2. Retunskaya M.S., (2014). Bases of the English lexicology. Novgorod:
printing house of N.A. Dobrolyubov.
