151
CHALLENGES AND TRANSLATING METHODS OF
NEOLOGISMS AND THEIR ABBREVIATIONS ON
THE TOURISM SECTION
Sevarakhon Davronova
Master student, Uzbekistan State World Languages University
Humans are living in the age of high tech thus technology has already changed
our lives in all fields of life. International tourism section became more popular all
over the world in last decades. As humans want to travel abroad they need translation
of another language. Internet is developing rapidly and there are emerging new
technological words which enter
humans’ lives within minutes. This process of
development influences on tourism section which neologisms and their abbreviations
are coming into its terminology as a new word. Tourism terminology science is new
and modern subject which there is has not been done enough research in many
developing countries yet. Moreover, neologisms are perhaps the non-literary and the
professional
translators’ biggest problem nowadays. Knowing the best ways of
translating such terms eliminates the difficulties from translators and
misunderstanding for travelers. It gives opportunity to make a good qualified
translation in the tourism field.
Translation has been in demand since past centuries as humans began to
trade and communicate with other nations. People need translation help in order to
achieve his or her aim whatever wants abroad. In the tourism section translation is
the most necessary that we can say it is the key for tourism industry. The various
types of tourism are developed nowadays and are becoming popular day by day, that
new difficulties are posing for translators as well. Professional translators must then
fulfill different requirements between two or more languages. One of problematic
issue of translation is neologisms and their abbreviations which are involved in
tourism. Even the restriction of pandemic period was not the border for new words
and newly adopted abbreviations. Tourists face some misunderstanding of such
words. For this issue translators should understand the real meaning and use the
best ways of methods of translating.
In last decade, due to technology and digital media there is created new words
that enriched the vocabulary of neologisms which contributed enough for the tourism
industry. Tourist texts present several difficulties that are based on the features that
of new words. Translating touristic neologisms are highly ranked challenge for
translators, because of their novelty and translators cannot find them in ordinary even
specialized dictionaries immediately. Some neologisms are formed from wholly new
terms of related context or are usually formed on the basis of words and morphemes
that already exist in the language. The analysis of these words and morphemes is an
additional helpful tool in finding out the real meaning of the neologism. For this
purpose, the translator should remember given word-formation rules, they are
including:
1. Giving words new affixes (i.e. suffixes, prefixes, and endings attached to
words/word stems to form new words):
“forex” – foreign exchange, “Botel” – a
waterside hotel with facilities for mooring boats.
152
2. Creation of new meaning of existing words such as
“footprint” – an impact
on our planet
3. Loanwords (mostly professional and scientific terms borrowed from other
languages):
бизнес-ланч, (from English: a business lunch), секьюрити (from
English: a divguard), copywriter (from English: a speech writer)
4. Semi-abbreviations (words made up of parts of other words), abbreviations
and acronyms: English: biosecurity, nomophobia (an abbreviation for
“no-mobile-
phone phobia
” which means a fear of being out of mobile phone contact), FSU (the
Former Soviet Union Russian:
СПИД (AIDS), страхагент (an insurance agent), туроператор (a tour
operator)
So how to translate them easily is the challenging matter. There are four main
methods translating them: Selecting new equivalent in a target language;
transliteration; transcription; loan translation or calque.
In the first method translators can easily translate the new word using the
explanatory dictionaries if the word is difficult to find equivalent in the target language.
Usually, a whole sentence is needed in Uzbek and Russian to express the meaning
of just a couple of words in English. The word
“piligrimmage” means “Ziyorat qilish”
in Uzbek,
“Паломничество” in Russian. “Excursion” translated as “Ekskursiya” which
gives the explanation into Uzbek
“Oldindan rejalashtirilgan Parametrlar bo‘lgan
turistik
sayohat” or “Bungalo” in Uzbek “Mexmonxonadagi bir qavatli- ayvonli uy” in
Russian
“одноэтажний терасса в гостинсе”.
Transliteration is another method for translating neologisms. This method often
combined with transcription method, which is the sound form of the source word with
the help of another script, and transformation of letters into another alphabet. It is
obvious that we cannot find many English letters and sounds exact analogues in
Uzbek. Translation of
“voucher” (a piece of paper that a tour company will have their
customer turn in at attraction) is transliterated into Uzbek as
“Vaucher” into Russian
as
“ваучер”. Antoher example, “Ecoturism” is “Ekoturizm” in Uzbek, “Экотуризм” in
Russian. Some words has no any changes in the other language such
“Bonus” (lat.)
in Uzbek and Russian is
“Bonus” too.
Loan translation or calque method keeps the
word’s original meaning and word
formation, translators translate the word or word phrase word- for-word from one
language into another. This method is very handful in new abbreviations. For
example, NTA
– National Tour Association is translated into Uzbek as “Milliy
Sayyohlik
Assotsiatsiyasi”, and into Russian “Национальная туристическая
ассоциация”. The word “whole sale pricing” as in Uzbek “chakana savdo narxi”in
Russian
“оптовая цена продажи”. The pandemic has changed a lot in our ordinary
life and it influenced in tourism industry as well. During the lock down no one can go
out but these restrictions did not prevent for people who want to explore the world at
home. On such situation the term
“virtual tourism” became more popular. It is
translated into Uzbek as
“virtual sayohat”, into Russian “виртуальный туризм”.
As we mentioned above translating new touristic terms is great challenge for
translators and still under great discussion. The neologisms and new abbreviations
put a difficult barrier to the translators, because most of them are borrowed words
and some of them have no equivalents in other languages. There is no special
restricted way of translating neologisms in tourism section. Neologisms and their
153
abbreviations may be translated according to the four methods which are mentioned
above, using one of different methods matters to the
word’s originality, meaning and
the skill of translator.
REFERENCES:
1. Bassnett S. Translation Studies. Taylor & Francis Group.
– London and New York.
2. Ergash Ochilov, Nilufar Khodjayeva
“Tarjima nazariyasi” – O‘quv qo‘llanma,
Sharqshunoslik Universiteti Toshkent -2020
3. 2002Salomov
G‘. Tarjima nazariyasi asoslari. – Toshkent: “O‘qituvchi”, 1983.
4. Vinogradov V.V. Problema avtorstva i teoriya stiley.
– Moskva: GIXL, 1961.
5. https://auroraborealis.llc.
6. http://breaktheicemedia.com.
7. https://translationjournal.net.
8. https://www.getblend.com/blog/translation-neologisms/.
9. https://www.language-translation-help.com/neologisms.html Irina Lychak. Ukraine.
10. https://www.unwto.org/glossary-tourism-terms.
