No. 5.2 (2025) REPUBLICAN SCIENTIFIC-PRACTICAL CONFERENCE ON THE THEME "IMPROVING QUALITY AND EFFICIENCY IN TRAINING FUTURE ENGINEERS-TECHNOLOGISTS: PROBLEMS, ANALYSIS AND SOLUTIONS" COLLECTION OF MATERIALS May 30, 2025

This essay examines the relationship between ecology and the safety of life. It analyzes environmental problems in the environment, their threat to human life, and their causes. It also proposes basic solutions to overcome these problems, such as strengthening legislation, expanding environmental education, and technological approaches.

The aim of the research is to study the process of synthesizing vinyl esters from aromatic carboxylic acids using benzoic acid and various substituted aromatic carboxylic acids under homogeneous and heterogeneous conditions with catalytic systems, to study the physicochemical properties of the synthesized compounds, to develop a production technology for them, and to determine their application areas. The effects of temperature, reaction duration, and catalyst nature on the yield of synthesized vinyl esters were studied. The structure of the resulting vinyl esters was determined using IR, 1H-NMR, and 13C-NMR spectra.

Hello, Distinguished conference participants, dear guests,
esteemed professors, teachers, researchers and young researchers!

Ecological security, as a component of national security, is a mandatory condition for sustainable development and is the basis for preserving natural systems and maintaining the appropriate quality of the environment. At the current stage of interaction between society and nature, ecological security can be viewed as a qualitatively new type of social value. In accordance with the Law of the Republic of Uzbekistan No. 754-XII "On Nature Protection" dated 09.12.1992, ecological security is a state of protection of the natural environment and vital interests of man from the possible negative impact of economic and other activities, from emergencies of a natural and man-made nature and their consequences [1].

The article presents the chemical composition and commercial properties (strength, hygroscopic point, kinetics of water vapor sorption, sorption moisture capacity) of samples of monocalcium phosphate granules, di- and tricalcium phosphate powders. It is shown that the products
in terms of composition and properties meet the requirements and standards specified in GOST 23999-80. Both monocalcium phosphate granules and di- and tricalcium phosphate powders are suitable for bulk storage and transportation in the climatic conditions of Central Asia.

This work outlines the didactic requirements and stages of creating digital educational resources for engineering subjects in higher education institutions.

Nowadays, engineering education is facing rapid technological changes, changing industrial needs, and digital transformation. Although many higher education institutions are trying to modernize their curricula, theoretical knowledge still prevails. This leads to a lack of practical skills among graduates.

The conductivity and lifetime of nonequilibrium charge carriers of nickel impurity in strain gauges made of single-crystal silicon are determined. The optimal mode of the diffusion process is established. It is shown that the generation of thermal donors is suppressed by the interaction of nickel impurities and oxygen introduced at 500 °C, and it is proven that this interaction does not affect the formation of high-temperature thermal donors formed at 700 °C.

One of the main factors in ensuring food security is obtaining high and quality yields based on the application of NPK fertilizers to agricultural crops. In this regard, the production of NPK fertilizers using the waste from the enrichment of potash ores of the Tyubegatan deposit is of significant scientific and practical importance.

In this thesis, the antimicrobial and toxicological properties of inulin derivatives modified with amine groups were analyzed. The activity of inulin-hydrazine, aminodiene inulin and dialdehyde-inulin derivatives against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteria was evaluated using the disk diffusion method. According to the results, the antimicrobial activity increased with increasing degree of substitution. In particular, dialdehyde-inulin-hydrazine compounds with 72 mol% substitution showed the most effective effect. Toxicological evaluation based on the MTT test confirmed that these substances have a low cytotoxicity level.

This article discusses the capabilities and advantages of AutoCAD, a program widely used in modern engineering, architecture, and design. Compared to traditional methods, the advantages of using digital technologies are justified.

This article analyzes methodological approaches aimed at improving the process of teaching technical subjects for future engineers. The main focus is on increasing the effectiveness of teaching technical subjects, introducing modern pedagogical technologies, and developing practical skills. In addition, innovative approaches to teaching subjects, visualization of educational materials, and ways to deepen students' knowledge through the use of interactive methods are recommended. The results of the research will serve to further develop the technical education system and improve the process of qualified training of future engineers.

This article analyzes the mechanisms and materials that allow for the temporary reduction and restoration of magnetic field strength. Two magnets are in a state of mutual attraction, and a spring system is installed between them. In experiments, changes in the force of attraction are observed when different materials are placed between the magnets. The effect of ferromagnetic (iron, steel), diamagnetic (graphite, copper, bismuth) and superconducting materials on the magnetic force is analyzed. The article demonstrates the scientific and technological importance of magnetic field control and discusses the possibilities of its application in engineering and industry [1-3].

This article discusses the role of physics in engineering education and the importance of digital simulations in its effective teaching. It emphasizes the limitations of traditional teaching methods and shows that digital simulations allow students to learn complex physical phenomena interactively and perform experiments in a safe and visual way. The positive impact of simulations on students' knowledge, analytical skills, and engagement is substantiated using programs such as PhET and Algodoo. The results of the study show that the regular use of simulations significantly improves learning outcomes. It is also noted that this method enhances interdisciplinary integration and creates a basis for the practical application of theoretical knowledge. It is emphasized that the effectiveness of simulations depends on their combination with the teacher's methodological approach.

This paper presents studies on the effect of pre-treatment of cocoons in a high-impact electric field on the mechanical properties of fibers. The method helps reduce energy consumption and save energy at silk-winding plants.

The article presents a comparative analysis of the volumes and composition of pollutant emissions at various stages of solid waste processing, including sorting, incineration, composting, pyrolysis and burial. The main types of emissions are considered: carbon dioxide (CO₂), methane (CH₄), dioxides, ammonia and other harmful compounds. Based on the data analysis, the most environmentally friendly processing technologies are identified. The work emphasizes the need to implement modern methods of monitoring and reducing emissions to ensure sustainable development and environmental protection.

The chemical composition of soils, the mobility and ratio of nutrients, their availability to plants change significantly under the influence of human production activities (drainage, irrigation, liming, application of mineral and organic fertilizers and other measures). It has been proven that the deficiency of microelements in soils increases due to the increase in the production and use of concentrated and complex fertilizers [1].

This article discusses the issue of developing professional competencies in the design of buildings and structures in students by integrating modern BIM (Building Information Modeling) technologies into the graphic education process. The study analyzes the possibilities of combining traditional engineering graphics disciplines with the digital environment, developing skills such as graphic thinking, spatial imagination, and visual modeling.

This thesis discusses the scientific basis for creating electrically conductive materials by improving the physical properties of modern composite materials. It is shown that fillers such as graphite, carbon black, and carbon nanotubes are added to polypropylene-based composites, which significantly increase their electrical and mechanical performance. The research analyzes approaches based on percolation theory, optimal filler ratios, structural changes in the material, and the results obtained through SEM analysis. It is justified that such composites can be widely used in energy, transport, and environmental technologies.

The article studies the structural and physical-mechanical studies of raw silk threads, unwound cocoons in electroactivated aqueous solutions of sericin. The qualitative characteristics of natural silk threads, unwound in various ways, are investigated.

One of the main problems of industrial power engineering is the low reliability and inefficiency of industrial boilers. In turn, their inefficiency and accident rate are often associated with the formation of deposits of hardness salts and corrosion products on the heat exchange surfaces of boilers [1-5]. The processes of scaling and corrosion of internal heating surfaces require special attention as a subject of study.

This article studies the scientific and technical foundations of the processing of sludge waste generated at the Dehqanabad Potash Fertilizers Plant. The article covers the physicochemical composition of sludge, processing technologies, ways to improve their efficiency, and issues of ensuring environmental safety. It also analyzes the possibilities of using secondary resources through waste processing and assesses the economic efficiency associated with reducing industrial waste.

In modern building materials production technologies, it is important to crush raw materials at the stage of primary processing and obtain crushed material in the required fractions. The elements that are most exposed to the load in this process are the working (grinding) surfaces of the crushers. Increasing the wear resistance of these elements, extending their service life and increasing the overall productivity of the equipment directly affect production efficiency.

This article provides a comprehensive overview of the theoretical foundations of the concept of "views", their scientific and practical significance, types, classification, and application in various fields of science. In particular, the characteristics of views in the fields of mathematics, computer science, engineering, art, architecture, and biology are analyzed. Views are analyzed based on their role in geometric modeling, computer graphics, spatial visualization, and information transmission. The article is intended for researchers, teachers, and students and serves as an important resource in the fields of education, science, and technology.

Colloidal chemistry, one of the branches of modern chemistry, studies the complex interactions between substances and their states. It is of great importance not only theoretically, but also practically. Systems such as colloidal solutions, emulsions, sol and gel are widely used in many industrial sectors - pharmaceuticals, food, building materials, textiles, cosmetics, agrochemistry and many other areas. Therefore, the in-depth study and integration of colloidal chemistry not only in the educational process, but also in production practice is relevant.