Том 2 № 34 (2024)

Ushbu maqolada hujayra organoidlari-mitoxondriya, plastidalar haqida ya'ni ularning tuzilishi, hosil bolishi hamda ko'rinishi haqida ma’lumotlar keltirilgan.

This study explores how various English accents influence the listening comprehension of non-native English speakers and examines their perceptions and opinions on the topic. Conducted with 38 pre-service English language teachers, the research employed three data collection methods. Participants completed listening comprehension tests, a semantic differential scale, and a reflective paper. Audio recordings featuring different English accents were used randomly in the listening tests. The results highlighted that familiarity with World Englishes (WEs) plays a crucial role in improving listening comprehension and reducing biases against non-native English accents.

Listening is the most important component of effective communication and it can be categorized into different types based on the level of engagement and involvement: active and passive listening. This article delves to present an in-depth exploration of each type, highlighting their distinct characteristics, benefits, and limitations. By comprehending the nuances between active and passive listening, individuals can significantly improve their communication abilities, leading to more profound connections and better understanding. Active listening contain active engagement, empathetic response, and deliberate effort to comprehend the speaker's message. On the other hand, passive listening refers to the act of merely hearing without actively engaging or responding to them.

Listening is a critical communication skill often overlooked in traditional education. This study explores the integration of real-life aspects into listening activities to enhance comprehension and engagement. Factors influencing the listening process, such as environmental, psychological, and cultural elements, are analyzed. By drawing on theoretical frameworks and practical approaches, this article highlights strategies to improve listening education.

Ushbu tezisda hujayra shakllari va evolyutsiyasi, shuningdek, hujayra nazariyasining asosiy tamoyillari tahlil qilinadi. Hujayralar prokaryotik va eukaryotik turlarga bo‘linib, har biri o‘ziga xos xususiyatlarga ega. Hujayra nazariyasi tirik organizmlarning asosiy tuzilma birligi sifatida hujayraning rolini va uning rivojlanish jarayonlarini tushuntiradi.

Mazkur maqolada o‘simliklarning barg organi, uning morfologik tuzilishi va xilma-xilligi haqida umumiy ma’lumotlar keltirilgan. Bargning asosiy tuzilish elementlari – barg bandi, plastinkasi va asoslari, shuningdek, ularning shakli, joylashuvi, chetiga ko‘ra turlanishi batafsil tahlil qilingan.

Biologiya ta’lim jarayonida o‘quvchilarga ilmiy bilimlarni samarali yetkazish, ularda hayotiy ko‘nikma va qiziqishni shakllantirishda o‘qitish vositalarining ahamiyati katta. Zamonaviy ta’lim texnologiyalari bilan birga an’anaviy usullarni uyg‘unlashtirish biologiya fanini o‘qitish sifatini oshiradi. Ushbu maqola 9–10-11-sinflarda biologiyani o‘qitishda qo‘llaniladigan vositalar haqida batafsil ma’lumot beradi.

In  the  modern  methodology  of  English  language  teaching,  top-down  and  bottom-up approaches can  frequently  be  heard  among  language  teachers  and  researchers. Top-down and Bottom-up approaches:  what  is  the difference?  This  article  presents   the results of investigation on the two approaches of listening. Furthermore, activities that entail top-down and bottom-up approaches are suggested. Top-down processing refers to the use of background knowledge to understand the information the listener receives. Bottom-up approaches happens when the listener analyzes the sounds, words, and/or grammar of the oral speech they listen to. To improve the listening  quality of the learners, the teacher and researcher needs to have an idea what these two strategies mean and in what situations to use each one.

The Importance of Pronunciation Awareness in Listening Comprehension Pronunciation awareness is a crucial factor in effective listening comprehension. When learners have a strong understanding of how words and sounds are pronounced, they are better equipped to:

This article shows how to use podcast for improving listening skills and Podcasts are now available covering almost any topic you can think of. I subscribe to about 30 different series, covering topics like science, films, history, teaching, language, and storytelling. There’s something out there for everyone.

Bul maqalada Qaraqalpaqstan Respublikasınıń suwǵarılatuǵın otlaqlı allyuvial topıraqlarında jetistiriletuǵın awıl xojalıǵı eginleriniń túrleri, topıraq ónimdarlıǵına tásiri hám nátiyjeliligin arttırıw ilajları sáwlelendirilgen. Izertlewde bul topıraq túrleriniń fizikalıq-ximiyalıq ózgeshelikleri, agrotexnikalıq hám innovaciyalıq suwǵarıw usılları tallanadı. Sonday-aq, eginlerdiń topıraq ónimdarlıǵına ekologiyalıq hám ekonomikalıq jaqtan kórsetetuǵın unamlı hám unamsız tásirleri úyrenilgen. Maqalada topıraq ónimdarlıǵın saqlaw hám arttırıwǵa qaratılǵan usınıslar, sonday-aq, topıraqtan nátiyjeli paydalanıwdıń ekonomikalıq nátiyjeleri boyınsha ámeliy usınıslar islep shıǵılǵan.

The concept of "concept" in linguistics is multifaceted. The most useful definition for your purposes will depend on the specific theoretical framework and research questions of your work. In many cases, linguists use the term "concept" to refer to a mental representation of meaning that is both shaped by and shapes the language we use. It's essential to clearly define how you are using the term "concept" in your own research.

Навык аудирования всегда имел большое значение в освоении языка во все времена. Он становится более интерактивным и продуктивным процессом благодаря технологиям в современном мире. В этой статье автор описывает некоторые технологические инструменты, которые направлены на ускорение и облегчение изучения языка и способности аудирования.

Ushbu maqola yetuklik davrining psixologik va sotsiologik aspektlarini tahlil qiladi. Yetuklik davri inson hayotidagi muhim bosqich bo`lib, bu davrda kishining jismoniy va aqliy salohiyatining to`liq shakllanishi, ijtimoiy mas’uliyatni anglash, shaxsiy dunyoqarash va o`zligini aniqlash jarayoni yuzaga keladi. Maqolada yetuklik davrining xususiyatlari, shu jumladan bu davrda ro`y beradigan psixologik o`zgarishlar, hayotiy tanlovlar, va ijtimoiy munosabatlar tahlil qilinadi. Shuningdek, bu davrning har bir inson uchun o`ziga xos yondashuvlarni talab qilishi va ijtimoiy muhitning shaxsga ta’siri muhokama qilinadi.

Ushbu tezisda hujayra organoidlari bo`lmish ribosomalar, golji kompleksi, va lizosomalar tuzilishi haqida so`z yuritiladi.

Ushbu maqola o‘simlik ildizining vazifalari, turlari va anatomik tuzilishi haqida. Maqolada ildizlarning o‘simlik hayotidagi rolini, ularning tuproqdan suv va ozuqa moddalarini olishdagi ahamiyatini tushuntirib o‘tadi. Shuningdek, ildizlarning birlamchi va ikkilamchi turlari, ildizning tuzilmasidagi asosiy qatlamlar yoritilgan.

Effective communication is heavily reliant on the skill of listening. This article delves into the two primary types of listening: active listening and passive listening. Listening plays a vital role in effective communication, enabling individuals to understand and respond appropriately to messages conveyed. Active listening and passive listening, both of them represent two distinct approaches to this fundamental skill. Active listening involves fully engaging with the speaker, focusing on their message, and employing various techniques to demonstrate attentiveness and understanding. to provide verbal and nonverbal cues such as nodding, maintaining eye contact, and using affirmative responses to signal their engagement. This type of listening promotes mutual understanding and fosters effective communication. While passive listening involves receiving information without active participation, it may be insufficient in contexts that require deep understanding and engagement. This might occur in situations like listening to music without engaging and responding actively or a lecture where no one does participate.

Many language textbooks are accompanied by an audio component. Usually, the listening texts are scripted, which means that the spoken discourse was àrst written out and then read and recorded. Scripted language is an effective teaching tool, but it lacks certain features of authentic input. Their pronunciation is careful, intonation is exaggerated, sentences are complete, and there is no background noise to distract the listener. This is very different from authentic listening, which involves the language native speakers use in real life. I share information learned from years of designing texts that advance knowledge-building in the context of project-based science teaching and advance readers’ textual dexterity. Our research is conducted in the context of project-based learning in science, and we approach our inquiry from multiple theoretical perspectives. To increase comprehensibility of difàcult listening materials, teachers can do several prelistening exercises to activate content and vocabulary knowledge, assign listening to the same text multiple times with different purposes, and use a transcript before or after listening. Long segments can be presented in parts with comprehension-check activities between them.

Знакомство с миром бездонных растений, краткая история систематики, таксономических категорий, роль бездонных растений в природе жизни человека.

Прогресс в хирургии желудочно-кишечного тракта, связанный с применением новых мощных антибактериальных препаратов, новых шовных материалов, аппаратного формирования меж-кишечных анастомозов, к сожалению, не решил проблемы несостоятельности швов.

Listening is a pivotal skill in language learning, requiring well-designed pedagogical strategies to foster comprehension and engagement. This study explores the development and implementation of pre-, while-, and post-listening activities, guided by key theoretical insights. Drawing from Ur (1984), Rost (1990), Anderson and Lynch (1991), Flowerdew and Miller (2005), and Lynch (2004), this paper evaluates strategies to enhance learner outcomes through systematic activity planning.

Sun'iy intellekt (SI) texnologiyalari zamonaviy ta'lim tizimiga inqilobiy o'zgarishlar olib kelmoqda. Ushbu maqolada sun'iy intellektning ta'limda qanday qo'llanilayotgani, uning afzalliklari, kamchiliklari va istiqbollari haqida so'z yuritamiz.

Ushbu maqolada “Madaniy o’simliklarning kelib chiqish va xilma-xillik markazi” mavzusi matbuot konferensiyasi usulida, didaktik o‘yin shaklida tashkil etilishi yoritib berilgan. Metodik yondashuv o‘quvchilarning mavzuni o‘zlashtirishda qiziqishlarini oshirish va faol ishtirok etishlarini ta’minlashga qaratilgan. Ushbu usul orqali mavzuga bo‘lgan e’tiborni kuchaytirish hamda o‘quv jarayonida innovatsion yondashuvlarni qo‘llash imkoniyatlari tahlil qilinadi.

Listening comprehension is an essential skill in any language learning process, as it enables learners to understand spoken communication in real-world contexts. However, many learners struggle with understanding native speakers due to a lack of awareness of pronunciation patterns. Pronunciation awareness plays a critical role in improving listening comprehension , as it helps learners better decode the natural flow of speech. This article explores why pronunciation awareness is vital for effective listening and how it enhances overall language comprehension. The results highlighted that familiarity with World English (WEs) plays a crucial role in improving listening comprehension and reducing biases against non-native English accents.

Listening comprehension is very essential for English learners. Good listening comprehension helps learners to improve comprehensive language proficiency, and promotes the effective implementation of foreign language teaching. However, it is an important and difficult point for foreign language learners. Students cannot understand the listening materials in listening exercises, and they face difficulties in completing the listening exercises assigned by the teacher. This can lead to anxiety and stress for learners which can probably result in lack of interest in learning English. Therefore, the language teaching researchers focus on effective teaching in English listening classes. Recent studies have shown that the learning strategies are helpful for learners to master relevant learning content, and learners can use some listening learning strategies to help them better understand listening content.

Ushbu maqolada maktabgacha ta'lim tashkilotilari tarbiyachilariga barkamol avlod tarbiyasida nutqni to'g'ri shakillantirish yo'llari va savod o'rganishda og'zaki nutqni yaxshi rivojlantirish, muloqot qila olishga o'rgatish jarayonlari yuzasidan o'rganilgan adabiyotlardan olingan bilimlar asosida bilim va  tavsiyalar beriladi.

Mazkur maqolada, qushlarning ahamiyati, mavsumga qarab moslashishi, inson xo'jaligidagi faoliyati hamda qishloq va o'rmon xo'jaligida ahamiyati muhim xususiyatlari, afzalliklari haqida to'liq bayon etilgan.

Effective communication is essential in today's interconnected world, making the mastery of English as a second language (ESL) a critical skill. This study emphasizes the importance of integrating the four core language skills—listening, speaking, reading, and writing—into ESL instruction to enhance learners' communicative competence. This paper reviews existing research, identifies challenges faced by language teachers, especially non-native speakers, and offers practical solutions for implementing integrative teaching methods. The findings suggest that integrated skill instruction promotes active learning, improves all-round proficiency, and prepares students for effective communication beyond the classroom.

This study examines the impact of pre-, while-, and post-listening activities on improving listening comprehension in ESL/EFL classrooms. Grounded in research and pedagogical theories, it highlights creative techniques and strategies for each stage of listening instruction. These stages help engage learners, scaffold comprehension, and consolidate understanding, making listening tasks more effective. Our analysis integrates insights from various scholarly works, emphasizing the necessity of structured listening activities and their implications for both students and educators. Practical recommendations are provided for implementing these stages in language instruction.

Ushbu tezisda Oʻzbekistondagi baliqchilik tarmoqlari, baliq turlari va ularning ekologik va iqtisodiy ahamiyati tahlil qilinadi. Suv resurslaridan samarali foydalanish, innovatsiyalarni joriy etish va muammolarni hal qilish bo‘yicha takliflar berilgan.

Mazkur maqolada O‘zbekiston ta’lim tizimida chet tili o‘qitishda sun’iy intellekt texnologiyalarini qo‘llash bo‘yicha dastlabki kuzatishlar keltirilgan. Sun’iy intellekt vositalari o‘quv jarayonini shaxsiylashtirish, o‘quvchilarning motivatsiyasini oshirish va tezkor fikr-mulohaza berishda samarali ekanligi ko‘rsatildi. Biroq, texnologik infratuzilmaning rivojlanmaganligi va o‘qituvchilarni tayyorlash darajasining pastligi bu jarayonda muammolar tug‘dirishi mumkin. Maqola natijalari O‘zbekistonning chet tili ta’limida raqamli vositalarni joriy etishda mavjud imkoniyat va muammolarni baholashga qaratilgan. Ushbu maqolada infratuzilmani rivojlantirish va o‘qituvchilarning malakasini oshirish bo‘yicha tavsiyalar kiritilgan.

Mazkur maqola bolalarning psixik rivojlanishida korrektsiya va kompensatsiya jarayonlarining o‘rni haqida.  Maqolada bolalar psixikasidagi og‘ishlarni tuzatish (korrektsiya) va ushbu og‘ishlarni bartaraf etish uchun zarur bo‘lgan to‘ldirish (kompensatsiya) usullari batafsil tahlil qilinadi. Psixologik va pedagogik tuzatish metodlari, shuningdek, individual va guruh terapiyasining samaradorligi ko‘rib chiqiladi. Korrektsiya va kompensatsiyaning bolalarning ijtimoiy moslashuvi hamda shaxsiy o‘sishiga qanday ta’sir qilishi ham o‘rganiladi. Ushbu mavzu psixologiya, pedagogika va bolalar bilan ishlashda tajribaga ega mutaxassislar, shuningdek, ota-onalar uchun juda muhimdir.

So‘nggi asrda ayollarning ijtimoiy rollari ortib, ular ta’lim, siyosat, biznes kabi sohalarga qadam qo‘ydilar; ularning iqtisodiyotdagi ishtiroki sezilarli darajada oshdi.

This article explores the creation of pre-, while-, and post-reading activities in the context of English for Specific Purposes (ESP) and foreign language learning. Drawing on insights from experts in reading comprehension and language pedagogy, this paper examines how these activities can enhance learners’ comprehension, engagement, and retention. Additionally, human insights are integrated to provide practical recommendations for implementing these strategies effectively in classrooms.

Effective communication is essential in today's interconnected world, making the mastery of English as a second language (ESL) a critical skill. This study emphasizes the importance of integrating the four core language skills—listening, speaking, reading, and writing—into ESL instruction to enhance learners' communicative competence. This paper reviews existing research, identifies challenges faced by language teachers, especially non-native speakers, and offers practical solutions for implementing integrative teaching methods. The findings suggest that integrated skill instruction promotes active learning, improves all-round proficiency, and prepares students for effective communication beyond the classroom.

Listening is a pivotal skill in language learning, requiring well-designed pedagogical strategies to foster comprehension and engagement. This study explores the development and implementation of pre-, while-, and post-listening activities, guided by key theoretical insights. Drawing from Ur (1984), Rost (1990), Anderson and Lynch (1991), Flowerdew and Miller (2005), and Lynch (2004), this paper evaluates strategies to enhance learner outcomes through systematic activity planning.

Reading comprehension is a dynamic and interactive process essential for academic success and critical thinking. Despite its importance, many students face significant challenges in developing effective comprehension skills. This article explores evidence-based practices to enhance students' reading comprehension by synthesizing key findings from seminal research. Strategies such as explicit instruction, scaffolding, fostering motivation, and integrating interactive elements are discussed. Emphasis is placed on the role of teacher guidance, differentiated instruction, and the use of authentic texts to create engaging learning environments. My perspective highlights the need for a multi-faceted approach tailored to diverse classroom contexts. The article concludes with recommendations for bridging research and practice, particularly for addressing disparities in educational resources and adapting to hybrid learning environments.

Geografiya fanini o‘rganishning zamonaviy yo‘llari har qanday o‘quv jarayonida muhim rol o‘ynaydi, chunki geografiya nafaqat nazariy bilimlarni, balki amaliy ko‘nikmalarni ham talab qiladi. Amaliy darslar geografiya fanining mashq qiluvchi, bilimlarni mustahkamlovchi va hayotiy tajribalar bilan bog‘langan qismidir. Ushbu maqolada geografiya fanidan amaliy darslarni tashkil qilishning zamonaviy usullari va bu jarayonda foydalanish mumkin bo‘lgan turli xil vositalar haqida batafsil bayon etiladi.