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COVERAGE OF THE TOPONYMICS OF THE CITY OF KOKAN IN WORKS
Usmonaliev Isroiljon Ibrokhimjon ugli
Teacher of Namangan state university
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14684051
Annotation:
this article provides a detailed description of the history of the origin of the
toponymy of Kokand, the works of the Arab geographers Istahri, Ibn Havkal, Muqaddasi, and
the ideas about it in the work “Hudud ul-Alam”.
Keywords:
culture, antiquity, population, economy, historical source, city, toponymy,
work, Turkic people, tribe.
QO‘QON SHAHRI TOPONIMIKASINING ASARLARDA YORITILISHI
Usmonaliyev Isroiljon Ibrohimjon o‘g‘li
Namangan davlat universiteti o‘qituvchisi
Annotatsiya:
mazkur maqolada Qo‘qon toponimikasining kelib chiqish tarixi, arab
geograflari Istahriy, Ibn Havqal, Muqaddasiy asarlari hamda “Hudud ul-olam” asaridagi
haqidagi fikrlar haqida batafsil yoritilgan.
Kalit so‘zlar:
madaniyat, qadimgi, aholi, xo‘jalik, tarixiy manba, shahar, toponimika, asar,
turkey xalq, qabila.
РАСКРЫТИЕ ТОПОНИМИКИ ГОРОДА КОКАН В ТРУДАХ
Усмоналиев Исроилжон Ибрoхимжон углы
Преподаватель Наманганского государственного университета
Аннотация:
В статье подробно излагается история возникновения топонимии
Коканда, труды арабских географов Истахри, Ибн Хавкаля и Мукаддаси, а также их идеи
в труде “Худуд ул-Алам”.
Ключевые слова:
культура, древность, население, хозяйство, исторический
источник, город, топонимия, труд, тюркский народ, племя.
Another of the oldest cities in the Ferghana Valley is the city of Kokand. The ancient city
of Khokan has been developing as a place of culture and enlightenment since ancient times, and
the role of our ancient city in the development of our traditions and national values, which have
been inherited from our ancestors and are preserved to this day, is incomparable. There is also
various information about the toponymy of the city of Kokand. In particular, the Kyrgyz epic
“Manas” provides information about Tashkent, Samarkand, Jizzakh, and the cities of the valley
Kokand, Andijan and Namangan, as well as their population and some types of economy. Also,
the city of Kokand is mentioned in the manuscript “Khudud ul-Olam” written in the 10th
century, and in the works of Arab geographers Istakhri, Ibn Khavkal, and Mukaddasi in the
forms of Khoqan (Khuvoqand), Khoqand (Khuvoqand). The Khoqand region is mentioned in the
work "Boburnoma" by Zakhiriddin Mukhammad Babur. The current city of Kokand was
founded at the beginning of the 18th century on the site of the historical Khoqand by the head
of a thousand Uzbek clans, the founder of the Kokand Khanate, Shakhrukhbiy. According to
Academician V. Bartold, the correct form of the city from a literary point of view is Khoqand.[1]
Kokand is pronounced in a living language. Information about the city of Kokand Information
about the 12th century It is also found in the work of the Moroccan traveler Al-Idrisi “Nuzhat
af-mushtaq fixtirak ul-afaq” (“The Comfort of the One Who Has Wandered the World”). The
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information about Havokand (Kokan) in the work “Mujam al-buldan” (“List of Countries”) by
the traveler Yakud Khamavi of the 13th century is important for us. It is noteworthy that in the
early sources it is found under such names as Kokan. Khavokand, Khuvakan, Khuvakent,
Kukand. In turn, there are mainly 3 hypotheses about the meaning of the term Kokan:
“Khukkand” means “pig dug” in tadjik. The reason for the emergence of such a view, as
indicated in the sources, is that the city was located in a reed bed, where there were many wild
pigs (tongis). It means “good”, “pleasant”. Because the city is located in a beautiful place.
“Good”, “pleasant” were used in relation to the inhabitants of the city, and the verb of the
people of Kokand was good. Also, in relation to the toponym Kokand, “Havokent” - “city of
winds”, “Kopkon” - “place where much blood was shed”, “Kopqon” - “ambush” and other names
are found. According to legends, the main reason why the city was called “Khuqand”, that is,
“pig dug”, is that before the city was built, these places were swamps. There are views that it
was named so because many pigs lived here. This legend is also mentioned in the work “History
of Fergana” by Iskhakhan Ibrat. There is a legend proving that the toponym Kokand comes from
the words “Khukand” (pleasant, gentle city, good city). When the need arose to build a city,
experienced masters - city builders and specialists in drawing up their plans - advised their
governor to choose the most convenient place between a stream and a stream.
There were many gardens and orchards in this place. And the land itself was fertile. A
natural barrier - two streams - protected the city from the invasion of enemies. In addition,
caravan routes to China and other countries intersected in this area. [2] All this served as the
basis for calling the city Khokand. According to another legend, the name of the city comes from
the word “Havokent” (city of winds). Because. at the time the city was built, the inhabitants
noted that the winds were frequent, and the trunks and trunks of trees were constantly bent to
one side under the influence of strong winds. That is why the city was called “Havokent” (the
city of winds. Often changing the weather. In the sense of cooling the climate, opening the heart,
ensuring purity). According to another legend, the name of the city comes from the word
“Kopkon” (a place where much blood was shed). According to legend, in the distant past, when
the city was built, there were frequent wars in this area. As a result of these wars, many people
died and a lot of blood was shed. That is why the city is called the bloody “Kopkon”. Later, the
“P” was dropped in the pronunciation. Kokon. Then. As a result of the change of “K” to , they
began to call it Kokon.
According to another legend, the city was called “Kopkon” (trap. Trap, ambush). In ancient
times, foreigners often attacked the city to plunder and enslave its inhabitants. But all their
attempts were in vain. In a word, the invaders were ambushed and defeated. That is why the
city is called “Kopkon”, that is, a trap. Later, “Kopkon” became “Kokand” as a result of phonetic
changes. “Kokand”. Information about the territories and cities of Kokand, their population and
economy is also found in sources written during the Mongols, Timurids, Shaybanivs and
Ashtarkhanids. But this information is not comprehensive. [3]
Kuwa. The city of Quwa is mentioned in written sources under two different names,
“Kubo” and “Kubad”. The first information about the city being called Kubo appears in Arab
sources from the 10th-11th centuries. In particular, it is mentioned under this name in the
works of Tabari, Istakhri, Abdulkhakim ibn Khawkal, and Mukhammad al-Mukaddasi. Written
sources from the 13th century provide information about scholars who came from Kubo and
became famous with the surname “Kubavi”. In particular, Abu Nasr Akhmad ibn Mukhammad
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ibn Nasr al-Kubavi, who translated Narshakhi’s “History of Bukhara” from Arabic into Persian,
is an example of this. According to the information in Iskhakhan Ibrat’s “History of Ferhgana”,
the city of Kuva was founded by the father of the Sassanid ruler Nushirvan (Anushirvan), Kubod,
and the city was named after him. Later, the city was popularly known as Kuva and became
Kuva. There is no information about the meaning of the toponym Kuva. However, this is far
from the truth. Because, according to Firdausi’s “Shakhnama”, the ruler of Iran, Kay Kubod from
the Kayonid dynasty, was born in 782 BC and reigned for 100 years.
Due to its popularity, the name Kay Kubod has long been used to name cities calling it by
its name became traditional in the Middle Ages. Also, the fact that the Sassanid ruler Kubod
founded a city in Ferghana in his own name is far from the truth. Because Kubod seized the
throne with the help of the Eltals who ruled Central Asia at that time, and it was not possible
for him to build a city in Central Asia. Because Central Asia was not dependent on Iran at that
time. Also, archaeologist B. Matboboev connects the name of Kuva as Kubo with the ancient god
Kuva.
In his opinion. “ ...one of the Turkic peoples, the Nogais, had a god Kuva. At certain times,
they sacrificed heavenly horses to him. Based on this, the name “Kubo” - “Kuva” may be related
to this god Kuva. Also, one of the branches of the Oytamgali region of the Kungarat tribe of the
Turkic peoples was called Kuva. However, these ideas are far from the truth. Because the city
began to be called Kuva in the 9th century. [4] According to some sources, the name of the city
“Kubo” may be associated with the Arab campaigns to Movoraunnahr. Because the beauty and
spaciousness of the city led to its fame with the Arabic adjective “Kubo” - “wide”. According to
the information provided by Abu Mansur as-Saolibi in his work “Kitab latoif al-maorif”,
considering that Kuva is located between the cities of the Fergana Valley in terms of its
geographical location, it can also mean the Arabic “Kabo”, that is, the city “in the middle, in the
middle”. In this regard, the ideas presented in the article by A. Mukhammadjonov entitled “Kubo
- Kuva means” are noteworthy. According to him. Kuva is the ancient capital of Fergana. It is
also true that the ancient name of Kuva was Kubo. Because. in Persian the word “Kuva” means
“strength”. Also.
The word “Kuvo” means “strong fortress”. Also. According to the research of A. Khodjaev,
in Chinese sources the capital of the state of Davan (Ferghana) in the 2nd century BC is
Guyshuan. The city where the names Gesay are mentioned may actually be Kuvasay.
References:
1.
Эргашев А. А. Андижон вилояти этнотопонимларининг ареал-ономастик тадқиқи....
– Б. 15.
2.
Горбунова Г. Кўҳна Фарғонада. – Тошкент: Ўзбекистон, 1972. –Б 15.
3.
Mamadaliyev H. Fargʻona vodiysi shaharlari tarixi (XIX–XX asr boshlari). – Toshkent: Fan
ziyosi, 2022. –B 42.
4.
Губаева С. Этнический состав населения Ферганы в конце XIX – начало XX век. –
Ташкент, 1983. С. 56.
