Volume 03 Issue 03-2023
11
American Journal Of Agriculture And Horticulture Innovations
(ISSN
–
2771-2559)
VOLUME
03
I
SSUE
03
Pages:
11-14
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
705
)
(2022:
5.
705
)
(2023:
7.
471
)
OCLC
–
1290679216
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
ABSTRACT
Importance of in vitro microclonal propagation of ornamental, fruit and medicinal plants growing in our republic.
KEYWORDS
Micro clonal reproduction, ginkgo biloba, chakanda, flavonoids, carotene, sterols, vitamins.
INTRODUCTION
At present, great attention is being paid to in vitro
reproduction of medicinal plants, cell culture, and
microclonal reproduction. Research in this direction is
being conducted in many laboratories of the
developed countries of the world. Also, the
development of pharmaceutical production in
Uzbekistan, the development of the technology of
drugs based on local raw materials, and the
implementation of these works are currently
considered one of the important tasks of
representatives of this field. Currently, microclonal
propagation of plants in vitro and short-term
propagation of isolated tissue cells without a genetic
variety of viruses are aimed at obtaining seedlings with
a high coefficient. This technology is used to obtain
millions and more somatic shoots and continuously
grow seedlings in the laboratory year-round. In the last
years of the last century, great success was achieved in
this field, in the production of biologically active
substances. Another advantage of the extraction of
Research Article
PROSPECTS OF MICROCLONAL PROPAGATION OF MEDICINAL PLANT
SPECIES
Submission Date:
March 07, 2023,
Accepted Date:
March 12, 2023,
Published Date:
March 17, 2023
Crossref doi:
https://doi.org/10.37547/ajahi/Volume03Issue03-03
D. T. Yakhshiboeva
Doctor Of Philosophy (Phd) Teacher
Of The Department Of "Biology” Navoi State Pedagogical Institute,
Uzbekistan
N.D.Jumaniyozova
Student Of The Department Of "Biology” Navoi State Pedagogical Institute, Uzbekistan
Journal
Website:
https://theusajournals.
com/index.php/ajahi
Copyright:
Original
content from this work
may be used under the
terms of the creative
commons
attributes
4.0 licence.
Volume 03 Issue 03-2023
12
American Journal Of Agriculture And Horticulture Innovations
(ISSN
–
2771-2559)
VOLUME
03
I
SSUE
03
Pages:
11-14
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
705
)
(2022:
5.
705
)
(2023:
7.
471
)
OCLC
–
1290679216
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
secondary metabolites by this method is that, under
certain conditions, where the plant does not have the
opportunity to grow itself (in cold or hot climate
regions), its cells can be grown throughout the year.
In recent years, consistent reforms have been
implemented in our republic regarding the protection
of medicinal plants, rational use of natural resources,
establishment of medicinal plant plantations and their
processing. 750 species of more than 4.3 thousand
plants belonging to the local flora are considered
medicinal, 112 of them are registered for use in
scientific medicine, 70 of them are actively used in the
pharmaceutical industry. In 2019, 48 million USD worth
of processed medicinal plant products were exported.
At the same time, the analyzes show the need to
protect medicinal plants, establish their plantations,
and create an additional value chain through
processing. Based on this, many decisions of the
President of the Republic of Uzbekistan regarding
medicinal plants have been adopted. In particular, the
decision of April 10, 2020 "On protection of wild
medicinal plants, cultivation, processing and rational
use of available resources"; Decree of the President of
the Republic of Uzbekistan "On measures to expand
the scope of scientific research on cultivation and
processing of medicinal plants, development of their
seed production" 26, 2020 November decision PQ-
4901; The forestry of Uzbekistan is distinguished by the
abundance and variety of flora and fauna, including
unique ornamental and fruit trees and medicinal
plants. Decree of the President of the Republic of
Uzbekistan "On the establishment of the State
Committee of Forestry of the Republic of Uzbekistan"
and "Organization of the State Committee of Forestry
of the Republic of Uzbekistan" on" was announced.
Implementation of this decree and decision: Effective
and rational use of forest resources, their restoration,
introduction of large-scale reproduction, protection of
forests and their effective use, ornamental and fruit
trees and shrubs on an industrial scale provides
expansion of cultivation of plantations. Creation of
modern new methods of reproduction of seedlings of
ornamental trees and shrubs adapted to the climatic
conditions of our republic, development of
scientifically based promising technologies, creation of
exportable plants, increases the efficiency of selection
work. The area and the number of species of many
decorative, fruit and medicinal plants growing in the
territory of our republic is decreasing due to the misuse
and neglect of people. In order to prevent this, many
decisions are taken by our government.
But due to the small number of some promising plants
and the difficulty of their natural reproduction, there
are problems in the creation and reproduction of
plantations. In order to overcome these problems,
professors and masters of Fergana State University are
conducting scientific research in the field of
microclonal reproduction of several useful plants. In
particular, the biological properties of ginkgo biloba
and chakanda (Hippophae rhamnoides L.) from
ornamental and fruit plants are being studied and
preliminary work on their microclonal propagation in
vitro is being carried out. Chakanda (Hippophae
rhamnoides L.) - a shrub called chakanda or chirkana,
belonging to the family of cycads. It reaches 3-5 meters
in height. It is dioecious, thorny, sertican, and its trunk
and branches are covered with hairs. The leaves are
located in a row, the band is short, the length is 6-8 cm.
The fruit is round, orange or lanceolate, one-seeded, 3-
5 mm in diameter, juicy. It blooms and leaves in May-
April. The flowering of one bush lasts 10-12 days. A
special tissue is located at the base of the calyx and
serves to extract nectar. Bees and other insects eat the
nectar and pollen of small flowers. Like all parts of the
plant, honey collected from its flowers is a medicinal
and delicious food. The fruit ripens in September-
Volume 03 Issue 03-2023
13
American Journal Of Agriculture And Horticulture Innovations
(ISSN
–
2771-2559)
VOLUME
03
I
SSUE
03
Pages:
11-14
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
705
)
(2022:
5.
705
)
(2023:
7.
471
)
OCLC
–
1290679216
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
October and remains on the plant throughout the
winter. Chakanda fruit is included in the "Red Book"
and is considered a nutritious source of food for rare
birds. does. The largest and thickest groves are
scattered in the oasis of the Zarafshan River, in the
Zarafshan State Reserve, which was established in
1975.
In the Fergana valley, there are small groves in a limited
area, and isolated bushes of small bushes are found
above the Kampirrovot reservoir (in the Karadarya
basin) and along some tributaries of Shakhimardonsoy.
Its area is shrinking as a result of anthropogenic
influence. The oil obtained from the fruit of Chakanda
plant is mainly used in pharmaceuticals. The fruit
contains vitamin C, E, B1, B2, carotene, fatty acids, folic
acid and other organic acids. Chakanda fruit is very
juicy, the kernel contains 16%, the fruit 9%, and the seed
12% fat. The oil is dark, orange in color, with a unique
smell and taste. Chakanda oil contains 40-100 mg%
carotene, 180-250 mg% carotenoids. It contains high
levels of vitamin E. This vitamin participates in the
div's metabolism. Chakanda fruit and seed oil is used
as pain reliever, skin tissue regeneration, wound
healing and scurvy treatment. They are mainly used in
the treatment of various skin and gynecological
diseases. It has also been found that the leaves of
Chakanda contain additives, vitamin C and other active
substances. Herbal sources are also used for sore
throat, toothache and inflammation of the oral cavity.
According to ethnobotanical data, chakanda plant is
also used in the treatment of gastritis, hepatitis, and
bronchitis. It is necessary to use the natural reserves of
this plant sparingly, to protect its limited areas and to
engage in measures to increase it. Since chakanda is a
dioecious plant, it is difficult to identify male and
female before planting. Often, when planted in fields,
there are many male plants, and as a result,
productivity decreases. In order to prevent this, target
plants can be planted with microclonal propagation
and high yield can be achieved. Ginkgo biloba is the
oldest of all ancient plants on the planet. It belongs to
the ginkgo family of the gymnosperms division and is
the last surviving representative of this family. For
more than 300 million years, Ginko has been fighting
for survival, and now the plant is in danger of
extinction. Ginkgo biloba is a dioecious tree, up to 40
m tall and up to 1 m in diameter. The seed looks like a
round, grainy fruit.
Fruits and seeds are eaten. The leaves are heart-
shaped, green, and turn yellow in autumn. Because of
its beautiful appearance, it is often planted as an
ornamental tree. It grows wild in some parts of South
China. However, its leaf and wood remains were found
in the Upper Permian and Triassic deposits of Central
Asia. So, Ginkgo biloba grew in our region at that time,
but later it disappeared. Currently, Ginkgo is cultivated
as an ornamental plant in our country. However, due to
the
low
fertility
(40-50%)
and
unfavorable
environmental conditions, reproduction is somewhat
difficult. The unique feature of this plant is related to
many elements included in its chemical composition.
The chemical composition of plant leaves includes
various flavonoids, biflavonoids, nonacosan, sterols,
various amino acids, essential oils, a complex of
vitamins, a complex of macro and microelements. The
results of use and research show that preparations
made on the basis of Ginkobiloba have a strong
therapeutic effect on div systems. There are studies
on the effectiveness of plant extract in inhibiting the
growth of cancer cells. In addition, Ginkgo is used to
improve
brain
activity,
strengthen
memory,
depression, cognitive development, treat Alzheimer's
disease, eye diseases, reduce pain, regulate blood flow,
heart and nerve diseases, fight cancer, and in
astrology. Since Ginkgo biloba does not reproduce
from its vegetative organs, and its seeds have low
Volume 03 Issue 03-2023
14
American Journal Of Agriculture And Horticulture Innovations
(ISSN
–
2771-2559)
VOLUME
03
I
SSUE
03
Pages:
11-14
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
705
)
(2022:
5.
705
)
(2023:
7.
471
)
OCLC
–
1290679216
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
germination, microclonal reproduction of this plant is
very effective.
It is known that ginkgo biloba and chakanda plants
grow slowly, their seed germination is low, and
damage by pests and high temperature is common.
Microclonal reproduction of these plants allows to
shorten the growth phase and obtain disease-resistant
virus-free plants. Due to the great importance of the
above-mentioned plants in pharmaceuticals, in the
future, if microclonal reproduction of them is started,
it will be possible to prepare and export high-quality
sources of raw materials for the pharmaceutical
industry.
CONCLUSION
In conclusion, microclonal propagation of plants from
leaves, stems, buds and other vegetative organs in
vitro is of great economic importance.
REFERENCES
1.
R.
Artikova,
S.
Murodova.
Agricultural
biotechnology. Tashkent-2010
2.
O'. Pratov, Q. Jumayev. Systematics of higher
plants, 2003
3.
S. Meliboyev, M. Israilov, Z. Isomiddinov, H.
Abdunazarov, SH. Tursunov. "Medicinal plants
found in the flora of Uzbekistan".
4.
G`. Khomidov, M. Makhmudov, R. Maksudova.
"Medicinal plants of the Fergana Valley, their
effective use and protection". Fergana 2014
5.
H. Kholmatov "Medicinal plants of Uzbekistan". T.
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