Volume 03 Issue 02-2023
1
American Journal Of Agriculture And Horticulture Innovations
(ISSN
–
2771-2559)
VOLUME
03
I
SSUE
02
Pages:
01-04
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
705
)
(2022:
5.
705
)
(2023:
7.
471
)
OCLC
–
1290679216
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
ABSTRACT
The article presents the results of studies of various norms of mineral fertilizers, on varieties of spring wheat. Varieties
adapted to the soil and climatic conditions of the cultivation zone tolerate adverse weather conditions well. The use
of mineral fertilizers on such varieties at optimal rates is a promising direction for stabilizing and increasing yields
without any special additional costs.
KEYWORDS
Spring wheat, seeding rate, yield, growing season, extreme conditions, climate, variety, seeds, mineral fertilizers,
Karakalpakstan.
INTRODUCTION
We know that in modern conditions, agricultural
production places high demands on varieties of grain
crops. The new variety should be highly profitable,
stable yield and high grain quality. In order to increase
productivity in a sharply continental climate, as well as
to increase the gross grain harvest, it is necessary to
Research Article
INFLUENCE OF MINERAL FERTILIZERS ON THE HARVEST OF SPRING
WHEAT VARIETIES
Submission Date:
February 01, 2023,
Accepted Date:
February 05, 2023,
Published Date:
February 10, 2023
Crossref doi:
https://doi.org/10.37547/ajahi/Volume03Issue02-01
Bekbanov Bisenbay Arepovich
Candidate of Agricultural Sciences, Head of the Laboratory of the Karakalpak Scientific Research Institute of
Agriculture, Uzbekistan
Nagimetov Orakbay
Candidate of Agricultural Sciences, Project Manager of the Karakalpak Research Institute of Agriculture,
Uzbekistan
Otebaev Dauletiyar
Master of the Karakalpak Institute of Agriculture and Agrotechnology, Uzbekistan
Journal
Website:
https://theusajournals.
com/index.php/ajahi
Copyright:
Original
content from this work
may be used under the
terms of the creative
commons
attributes
4.0 licence.
Volume 03 Issue 02-2023
2
American Journal Of Agriculture And Horticulture Innovations
(ISSN
–
2771-2559)
VOLUME
03
I
SSUE
02
Pages:
01-04
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
705
)
(2022:
5.
705
)
(2023:
7.
471
)
OCLC
–
1290679216
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
introduce new highly productive varieties of spring
soft wheat into production. In solving the tasks of the
agro-industrial complex to increase the yield and
quality of grain of spring soft wheat, an important role
is played by the adaptability of the variety to growing
conditions, as well as the correct use of mineral
fertilizers.
It is known that the intensification of agricultural
production is associated with a constant increase in the
use of mineral fertilizers, primarily nitrogen. The
introduction of large doses of nitrogen fertilizers under
crops requires the study of migration and leaching,
mobile nitrogen compounds in the soil. These issues
are also relevant because the introduction of
unreasonably high doses of nitrogen, readily soluble
forms of nitrogen fertilizers in water, causes the
danger of environmental pollution - water bodies,
rivers, etc.
When placing field crops in zones, natural conditions
and biological characteristics of plants are taken into
account. But the issue of zoning varieties of spring
grain crops adapted to certain soil and climatic
conditions has not yet found a proper solution. This is
primarily due to the lack of spring wheat varieties for
different regions and their seed production. The right
choice of varieties and a number of other factors, such
as tillage and fertilization, sowing, care of crops, timely
harvesting, occupy one of the important places for
obtaining high-quality crops.
The aim of the research was to study the formation of
yields of spring soft wheat varieties, when using
various doses of mineral fertilizers in the extreme
conditions of Karakalpakstan.
MATERIAL AND METHOD
Three varieties of spring wheat (Semurg, Saratovskaya-
29 and Zhanub gavhari) were sown with three norms
of mineral fertilizers. The norms of mineral fertilizers
were distributed according to the development phases
from 30 to 75 kg / ha (active in-va) for top dressing. The
size of the plots is 20 m2, in triplicate.
The experiment was carried out on a plot of medium
salinity (chloride-sulphate), medium loamy soils of the
meadow type. In such areas, without prior washing, it
is impossible to obtain full-fledged seedlings. Before
sowing, the soil was washed 2 times. Groundwater
occurs at a depth of 0.5 to 3.0 meters. The total
nitrogen does not exceed 0.12 - 0.15%. Soils are less
provided with humus and nitrogen. Records and
observations were carried out according to the
methodology of the State variety testing of agricultural
crops (1989). Yield data were processed by the analysis
of variance according to Dospekhov (1989).
Results. To obtain high yields, plants must be
provided with the necessary living conditions in certain
combinations and quantities at each stage of growth
and development.
As can be seen from the data obtained, the cultivars
started the booting phase with a difference of 5-6 days
between cultivars. Thus, the plants of the Zhanub
gavkhari variety, against the background of P70K50,
where 30 kg were applied for plowing, and 60 kg of
nitrogen during tillering, started the booting phase on
April 27, the Saratovskaya variety on May 29, and the
Semurg variety on May 4. These varieties, at a rate of
mineral fertilizers of 210 kg/ha, started the booting
phase on April 28, May 7 and May 4, respectively.
Depending on external conditions, the duration of the
ripening phases differs in different varieties in different
ways.
Volume 03 Issue 02-2023
3
American Journal Of Agriculture And Horticulture Innovations
(ISSN
–
2771-2559)
VOLUME
03
I
SSUE
02
Pages:
01-04
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
705
)
(2022:
5.
705
)
(2023:
7.
471
)
OCLC
–
1290679216
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
As the data show, against the background of P70K50,
where 30 kg were applied for plowing, and 60 kg of
nitrogen were applied for tillering and ploughing, the
plants of the Zhanub gavhari variety reached maturity
on June 20, the Saratovskaya variety - 29 June 28, and
the Semurg variety 24- June. Excessive standing
density can also cause a decrease in grains per ear and
a grain weight of one ear and a weight of 1000 grains.
On the other hand, grain crops are able to some extent
to compensate for the low density of standing, the
increased number of grains and the mass of grain of
one ear.
Variety Saratovskaya - 29, with the introduction of 150
kg of nitrogen against the background of P70K50, a
crop of 27.5 was obtained; Zhanub gavhari 22.6;
Semurg 25.3c/ha. With an increase in the doses of
fertilizers up to 210 kg/ha, a crop was obtained from
Saratovskaya-29 - 38.4; Zhanub gavhari - 32.5; Semurg -
35.0 q/ha.
DISCUSSION
As a rule, in the field, depending on the weather and
agricultural practices, there are significant differences
in the yield of wheat over the years. Comparative
assessment of the development of spike productivity
elements in varieties of spring soft wheat will make it
possible to identify varieties or groups of varieties that
compare favorably with others in terms of the balance
of development of productivity elements. The number
of spikelets of an ear, as is known, depends on the
length of the ear, as well as on the distance between
them on the stem. According to the number of non-
grained spikelets, significant varietal differences were
observed, which was a consequence of unfavorable
conditions during the period of flowering and the
formation of grains.
Wheat requires a longer day to enter the generative
phase. Plants in this phase react significantly to the lack
of water, nutrients, especially nitrogen. In solving the
problems of increasing the yield and grain quality of
spring soft wheat, an important role is played by the
adaptability of the variety to growing conditions [1].
The largest reserve for increasing grain production,
which ensures the sustainable development of the
grain economy, is the use of mineral fertilizers.
Calculations show that in the future, about 40% of the
increase in the gross grain harvest will be provided due
to this reserve [2].
Fertilizers applied to the soil cannot be fully used by
plants, since some of them are assimilated by
microorganisms, washed out, or transferred into a
form that is inaccessible or difficult to access for plants
[3].
Nitrogen fertilizers promote the development of
vegetative organs, increase tillering energy and
protein content in grain. When compiling a fertilizer
system, special attention is paid not only to the total
amount of nutrients, but also to the distribution of
fertilizers according to the timing and methods of
application [4].
The average yield of a variety under stressful
conditions characterizes the genetic flexibility of the
variety [5]. The higher this indicator, the higher the
degree of correspondence between the variety
genotype and various environmental factors.
CONCLUSION
Proper feeding of plants in the phases of development
is of great importance. Also, the choice of placement
and density of plants on the field, on which normal
growth and development, as well as productivity,
depends. And so, the targeted selection of varieties
Volume 03 Issue 02-2023
4
American Journal Of Agriculture And Horticulture Innovations
(ISSN
–
2771-2559)
VOLUME
03
I
SSUE
02
Pages:
01-04
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
705
)
(2022:
5.
705
)
(2023:
7.
471
)
OCLC
–
1290679216
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
that are well adapted to the soil and climatic conditions
of the cultivation zone, as well as the use of mineral
fertilizers in optimal norms, is a promising direction for
stabilizing and increasing yields without any special
additional costs.
In conditions of insufficient and unstable moisture,
local varieties, as more adapted to the conditions of
the zone, form a high yield, and in drought conditions,
they are distinguished by large, leveled grains with
good performance.
One of these areas is a variety adapted to the
conditions of its cultivation.
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