American Journal Of Agriculture And Horticulture Innovations
6
https://theusajournals.com/index.php/ajahi
VOLUME
Vol.05 Issue03 2025
PAGE NO.
6-8
10.37547/ajahi/Volume05Issue03-02
Interrelations Of The Root Weight Trait With Other
Valuable Economic Traits In The Family Of Hybrids F3
Of Sunflowers In The Conditions Of Karakalpakstan
Seytbayev R.S.
Doctor of Philosophy in Agricultural Sciences,
Karakalpak Research Institute of Agriculture, Uzbekistan
Aytjanov B.U.
Doctor of Agricultural Sciences,,
Karakalpak Research Institute of Agriculture, Uzbekistan
Aytjanov U.E.
Doctor of Agricultural Sciences, Senior Researcher,
Karakalpak Research Institute of Agriculture, Uzbekistan
Received:
18 January 2025;
Accepted:
30 February 2025;
Published:
13 March 2025
Abstract:
This article presents mathematical analysis data on the correlations between root weight and several
characteristics in simple and complex F3 sunflower hybrid families, including single plant productivity, plant
height, basket diameter, and total leaf area. In this case, the correlation relationships in highly heterozygous
hybrids changed in a positive direction, and the high indicators of two-three traits were concentrated in one
genotype.
Keywords:
Sunflower, simple and complex hybridization, interdependence, correlation, heterozygote, genotype,
root weight, productivity, plant height, basket diameter, leaf area.
Introduction:
Today, in the selection of agricultural
crops, hybridization creates the possibility of changing
heredity and the emergence of plastic genotypes
adapted to a new environment based on simple and
complex
selection
hybridization
methods.
Hybridization and selection are the main factors in
creating new varieties and largely depend on the
chosen crossbreeding methods and the genotype of
the raw materials. In sunflower selection, the need to
create varieties with stable hereditary traits using new
breeding methods is increasing.
In our republic, one of the urgent tasks is the study of
the interrelationship of hybrid families with other traits
of economically valuable traits in the creation of
drought-resistant agricultural crops, in particular,
sunflower varieties, which require less water and
eliminate water shortages.
L.J.Genjeeva [1] and others conducted research in the
soil and climatic conditions of Karakalpakstan, as a
result of studying the relationships between some
valuable traits of third-generation hybrids obtained
from simple and complex hybridization of sunflowers,
they showed that a change in one trait leads to a
correlative change in another trait.
The product obtained from sunflower seeds is
considered one of the main vegetable oils used for
consumption by the world's population. The surface
yield of sunflower is 23 million/ha, the average yield is
14-15 c/ha, and the oil content in absolutely dry seeds
is 55-56%. In advanced farms of some countries,
sunflower yields reach 40-43 centners per hectare [2].
Based on the results of research conducted by several
scientists on the study of new sunflower lines in the
conditions of Karakalpakstan, they came to the
following conclusions: in the conditions of natural
salinization of Karakalpakstan, the yield of a new high-
yielding seed kernel from station variety trials proves
its effectiveness in creating genotypes that meet world
standards for sunflowers with relatively high indicators,
and the possibility of transferring L-24, L-28, L-43, and
American Journal Of Agriculture And Horticulture Innovations
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American Journal Of Agriculture And Horticulture Innovations (ISSN: 2771-2559)
L-63 lines, which showed relatively high indicators
compared to the standard variety for the main
economically valuable traits from the studied lines in
the small variety trial nursery, to the large competitive
variety trial next year [3].
In the natural saline conditions of Karakalpakstan,
station seed testing yields of new high-yielding kernels
proved their effectiveness in creating genotypes that
meet world standards for sunflowers with relatively
high indicators, and the possibility of transferring the L-
24, L-28, L-43, and L-63 lines, which showed relatively
high indicators compared to the standard variety in
terms of key economically valuable traits, to major
competitive variety testing next year was presented
[3].
MATERIALS AND METHODS OF RESEARCH
Our research was conducted in field and laboratory
conditions according to the applied project of the
Karakalpak Research Institute of Agriculture "Creation
of new promising early-maturing, high-yielding, high-oil
varieties of sunflower by simple and complex
hybridization, adapted to the soil and climatic
conditions of Karakalpakstan." All field observations
were carried out according to the "Methods of
Conducting Field Experiments," and genetic and
breeding analyses of the obtained data were carried
out according to Dospekhov's methods.
ANALYSIS AND RESULTS
In order to reduce the selection process of agricultural
crops and obtain new raw materials and varieties with
high indicators for most traits, it is advisable to fully
study plant generations and gradually separate traits,
as well as reduce the number of combinations created
as a result of various hybridizations.
In plants, correlative relationships between traits are of
varying degrees, and from a genetic point of view, this
is explained by the clustering of genes in one locus or
the pleiotropic effect of genes. The relationship of
characteristics is of two types, i.e., smooth-system and
non-smooth-system. In a smooth correlation, an
increase or decrease in the indicators of one trait leads
to an increase or decrease in the indicators of another
trait. In the first case, positive correlations arise, and in
the second case, negative ones. When creating lines
and varieties of sunflowers with positive main
economically valuable traits, it is important to analyze
the relationships of traits, that is, how one trait is in a
strongly positive state and how it is related to other
traits.
In our study, a mathematical analysis was conducted to
examine the correlations between root weight and
various characteristics such as single plant productivity,
plant height, head diameter, and total leaf area in
simple and complex F3 hybrid families of the sunflower.
Figure 1.
In the studied 6 F3 simple hybrid families, there was a
moderate and strong positive correlation between root
weight and productivity, i.e., the correlation coefficient
ranged from 0.57 for example, F3 (Sor Gollips x KK-1),
to 0.69 for F3 (Tel's x KK-1), and in 3 complex hybrid
families, a strong positive correlation was found from
0.66 to 0.69. These indicators provide information
about the aggregation of genes controlling these traits.
Figure 1. Correlation relationships between root weight and productivity, plant height, basket diameter, and
total leaf surface area in sunflower plants.
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
0.
69
0.
67
0.
59
0.
63
0.
57
0.
5
8
0.
6
6
0.
69
0.
68
0.
72
0.
68
0.
61
0.
56
0.
7
3
0.
48
0
.6
2
0.
7
0.
8
2
0.
52
0.
44
0
.4
7
0.
36
0
.5
1
0
.2
8
0
.4
3
0.
56
0
.4
7
0.
56
0.
61
0.
48
0.
45
0.
53
0.
47
0
.5
4
0.
45
0
.6
2
Махсулдорлик
Ўсимликлар бўйи
Саватчалар диаметри
Умумий барглар сатҳи
American Journal Of Agriculture And Horticulture Innovations
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American Journal Of Agriculture And Horticulture Innovations (ISSN: 2771-2559)
Among these traits, the highest positive correlation
was observed in the families of the simple hybrid F3
(Tels x KK-1), F3 (S-Alstor x KK-1), and F3 (Jant lower x
KK-1), and the correlation coefficient was 0.63-0.69. In
complex hybrids, the highest positive correlations were
observed in the families F3 [F1 (S-NS-N-2011 x KK-1) x
F1 (S-Alstor x KK-1) ], which showed 0.69, and F3 [F1
(Sor Gollips x KK-1) x F1 (Tels x KK-1) ], which showed
0.68. The root weight was also positively correlated
with the plant height trait, that is, the correlation
coefficient was 0.48-0.73 in simple hybrids and 0.62 to
0.82 in complex hybrids. In sunflowers, root weight
significantly influences plant growth and development.
The developed root system of sunflower adsorbs a
large amount of nutrients and water and directly
affects the development of the plant. It was established
that in the F3 simple and complex hybrid families, the
correlation between root weight and basket diameter
was moderately positive. In simple hybrids, it ranged
from 0.36 to 0.52, and in complex hybrids - from 0.43
to 0.56. It was established that the root weight is
connected to varying degrees with the mark of the total
leaf surface area. In simple and complex hybrids, the
correlation coefficient was 0.4-0.5. In some hybrids, for
example, in simple combinations F3 (S-Alstor x KK-1)
and complex combinations F3[F1 (Sor Gollips x KK-1) x
(F1 (Tels x KK-1) ], the correlation coefficient was higher
than 0.6.
CONCLUSION
According to the above analysis, it can be concluded
that
the
correlation
relationships
in
highly
heterozygous hybrids changed in a positive direction,
and the high indicators of two-three traits were
concentrated in one genotype. This leads to a
significant acceleration of the breeding process.
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