Volume 04 Issue 01-2024
18
American Journal Of Applied Science And Technology
(ISSN
–
2771-2745)
VOLUME
04
ISSUE
01
Pages:
18-26
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
705
)
(2022:
5.
705
)
(2023:
7.063
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
ABSTRACT
The cultural and natural resources of the regions are an important factor in the development of eco-tourism. In total,
there are 427 cultural heritage sites in the Jizzakh region, of which 268 are archaeological monuments, 100 are
architectural monuments, 59 are monuments of monumental art.
KEYWORDS
Cultural heritage, ecotourism, architectural monuments, monumental monuments, archaeological sites,
ethnotourism, pilgrimage tourism, historical archaeological sites.
INTRODUCTION
The legal principles of safeguarding the cultural
heritage objects in accordance with the Constitution of
the Republic of Uzbekistan are being systematically
enhanced. The Constitution of the Republic of
Uzbekistan, relevant laws, and legal acts provide
important guidelines for these activities. Specifically,
the legal mechanisms for organizing these activities
are clearly defined in the laws pertaining to "the
extraction and importation of cultural treasures," "the
preservation and utilization of cultural heritage
objects," "the preservation and utilization of
archaeological heritage objects," "the procedures for
archival
work,"
and
"regulations
concerning
museums" [1,2,3,4,5].
The cultural heritage is divided into tangible and
intangible forms. If we consider tangible cultural
heritage, it includes archaeological sites, monumental
landmarks, architectural and artistic treasures. As for
intangible cultural heritage, it encompasses oral
traditions and expressions, including language as an
essential component; performing arts; customs,
rituals, and festivals; knowledge and practices related
to nature and communities; and expertise and skills
associated with traditional craftsmanship. The rapid
disappearance of intangible cultural heritage under the
Research Article
NATURAL AND CULTURAL HERITAGE OF JIZZAK REGION AS
DEVELOPMENT FACTORS OF ECOTOURISM
Submission Date:
January 01, 2024,
Accepted Date:
January 05, 2024,
Published Date:
January 08, 2024
Crossref doi:
https://doi.org/10.37547/ajast/Volume04Issue01-04
Sanayeva Lola Shukurboevna
Jizzakh State Pedagogical University, Uzbekistan
Journal
Website:
https://theusajournals.
com/index.php/ajast
Copyright:
Original
content from this work
may be used under the
terms of the creative
commons
attributes
4.0 licence.
Volume 04 Issue 01-2024
19
American Journal Of Applied Science And Technology
(ISSN
–
2771-2745)
VOLUME
04
ISSUE
01
Pages:
18-26
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
705
)
(2022:
5.
705
)
(2023:
7.063
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
conditions of globalization and the pressures of mass
culture has necessitated international efforts to
preserve it. These traditional intangible values, passed
down from generation to generation and from person
to person, require constant revitalization by the human
community. In today's world, where there are urgent
and complex challenges in managing the environment,
understanding and acknowledging the crucial role and
significance of both natural and cultural heritage is
imperative [4].
The total number of immovable cultural heritage
objects in Uzbekistan is 8208. Among them, there are
4748 archaeological sites, 2250 architectural treasures,
678 monumental artworks, and 532 significant
locations. In the rankings based on cultural heritage
objects by region, Samarkand region holds the second
position with 1607 cultural heritage objects, followed
by Kashkadarya region with 1468 immovable cultural
heritage objects and Bukhara region with 829 tangible
and intangible cultural heritage objects. Jizzakh region
secures the seventh position among the fourteen
regions with 427 cultural heritage objects.
The purpose and mission. Enhancing the sustainable
utilization of natural resources for the development of
society and recognizing the mutual influence between
nature and society as a fundamental factor. The article
aims to promote the phased organization and
optimization of heritage formation and activities,
contributing to stability and overall prosperity in
society and proving its significance by addressing the
social instability and degradation of the utilization of
natural resources. Comprehensive study of recognized
objects and events of cultural and natural heritage, as
well as the scientific basis for their preservation and
utilization policies, has provided an opportunity to
achieve the goal of the research work.
Based on this, we have endeavored to integrate the
scientific provision of the phased component of
heritage management, focused on identifying and
studying fundamental strategic issues in the field, with
the resolution of related practical challenges.
-
Identifying the historical and geographical initial
conditions of heritage formation.
-
Exploring the position of heritage in the evolution
of resource utilization.
-
Determining
the
interconnection
between
heritage events and the sustainable development
of society.
-
Formulating the scientific basis for understanding
the regional differentiation of cultural and natural
heritage.
-
Developing the geographical aspects of heritage
management.
-
Proposing conceptual approaches and specific
recommendations for promoting heritage ideas
and
advancing
sustainable
development
education.
An exclusive focus on the level of organization,
historical preservation, and tourist attractions in the
Jizzakh region until the 20th century was not carried
out through dedicated expeditions. Starting from the
20s and 30s of the 20th century, under the initiative of
the
Turkistan
People's
Commissariat,
special
ethnographic expeditions were organized to the
Kattakurgan and Jizakh regions of the Samarkand
province. Since the late 20s of the XX th century,
particularly in 1928, with the efforts of Sredazkomstaris
(Central Asia's Committee for the Preservation of Art
and
Nature,
Museum
Affairs,
and
Ancient
Monuments), there has been a systematic focus on the
study of historical monuments in various places of
Central Asia. Under the leadership of archaeologist
M.Ye.Masson, a special expedition was organized,
Volume 04 Issue 01-2024
20
American Journal Of Applied Science And Technology
(ISSN
–
2771-2745)
VOLUME
04
ISSUE
01
Pages:
18-26
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
705
)
(2022:
5.
705
)
(2023:
7.063
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
through which the history of Mirzachul sardobas was
studied. Additionally, the Andreev-led expedition was
conducted in the settlements of Jizzakh and Nurata, as
well as the surrounding areas of the Kyzylkum desert
[1]. Under the leadership of I. Zarubin, ethnographic
expeditions were organized to the districts and volosts
of the Samarkand province, as well as the Farish,
Sintob, Karatash, Nakurt, Bogdon, and Tosin volosts of
the Jizzakh district, resulting in a comprehensive
collection of statistical and ethnographic information.
Some of these expeditions focused on gathering
information about the historical significance and
societal functions of sacred sites and pilgrimage
destinations during that period. For instance, M.
Andreev's work includes compiling a list of mosques,
cemeteries, and other material cultural heritage sites,
with a significant emphasis on the activities of religious
leaders, scholars, and clergy. [2] It is not difficult to
understand that from the perspective of Soviet
bureaucratic ideology, this issue was addressed. From
the mid-20th century onwards, research on the history
and material cultural heritage of the Jizzax region
began, with the initial studies being associated with
the names of Ya. Gulamov and A. Muhammadjanov.
Based on the research of the 1980s, N. Rahmonov and
A. Umaraliev provided a comprehensive overview of
the cultural history of Soviet Uzbekistan in their work
"Sketches of the Cultural History of Soviet
Uzbekistan." This publication documented various
components of culture, including cultural heritage
sites, museums, and the condition of historical
landmarks during the Soviet period, presenting general
information
about
their
adaptation
to
the
requirements of the Soviet system.
The research methodology is based on the principles of
dialectical materialism, taking into account the modern
paradigms of geography and related fields of
knowledge, and making predictions about them. It
addresses the phased heterogeneity of the
phenomena being studied.
Research and its results
The ancient Silk Road in Jizzakh has been one of the
most significant strategic assets. It has been revitalized
based on the demands of the new era and now serves
as a valuable asset in international tourism as well. In
the vicinity of Jizzakh, there are a total of 427 cultural
heritage sites, with 268 of them being archaeological
sites, 100 being architectural landmarks, and 59 being
monumental artworks.
The continuation of Mirzachul's legacy is shaping the
districts of Jizzakh. Although these areas are referred
to as rural zones, they are not devoid of any traces of
ancient settlements. Within the Jizzakh region, there
have emerged cities like Arnasoy, Dustlik, Paxtakor,
Zafaraobod, and Guliston, which have been newly
established within the past 40-50 years. Alongside
these, Jizzakh, Forish (New village), G'allarol
(Sarbozor), Baxmal, and Zomin, which have been
known since ancient times as large villages, have now
transformed into bustling urban centers. They are
being developed with stadiums, open water reservoirs,
tennis courts, botanical gardens, sports facilities, and
playgrounds, all meeting the demands of the modern
era. Consequently, Jizzakh, Paxtakor, Gallaorol, and
other cities frequently host prestigious sports
competitions [8].
Jizzakh holds a significant position as one of the crucial
strategic assets of the ancient Silk Road. It has been
revitalized to serve a purposeful role in international
tourism, aligning with the demands of the new era. The
"Gate of Temur" plays a vital role in this regard.
Situated near the convergence of the Zarafshan River,
known for its abundant water flow, and the Baxmal
gorge, the Gate of Temur benefits from the presence
Volume 04 Issue 01-2024
21
American Journal Of Applied Science And Technology
(ISSN
–
2771-2745)
VOLUME
04
ISSUE
01
Pages:
18-26
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
705
)
(2022:
5.
705
)
(2023:
7.063
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
of the Sangzor (Tashlak) River, which traverses
through the mountains and contributes to enhancing
the climate conditions of Jizzakh city and its environs.
Consequently, Jizzakh city, along with its western,
northern, and eastern directions, experiences hot
summers and cold winters. The mountain ranges of
Turkistan (Zamin region) and Nurata (Gallaaral and
Farish regions) to the south create a barrier against the
harsh desert winds. The warm (in summers) and cold
(in winters) winds that originate from the Farish lakes
frequently influence and alter the climate in the city's
vicinity. The presence of the Arnasay Lake, which
provides a significant level of humidity, prevents the
region from experiencing extreme temperatures like
the regions of Kazakhstan. Hence, the ancient rural
zones of Jizzakh witness excessively hot summers
during the season.
The mountainous regions of Zamin, Baxmal, and Farish
districts are consistently favorable in terms of climate.
There, orchards and vineyards are found, providing a
nourishing environment for the physical well-being of
students and youth, as well as serving as dwelling
places for hardworking individuals. Notably, there are
sanatoriums of national significance, namely "Zamin"
and "Farish," which contribute to the overall well-being
of the community. Another distinctive feature of this
region is the common practice of grazing and
cultivating livestock in most households and farms.
Traditional celebrations and festivities are also
abundant, as they are deeply rooted in the cultural
heritage passed down from generation to generation.
Therefore, the folk orchestras, customary traditions,
rituals, and narratives found in the folklore of Jizzakh
region serve as invaluable cultural legacies passed on
from ancestors to descendants.
№
District, city
Over
all
Ar
ch
eo
logy
Ar
ch
it
ect
ure
M
o
n
um
e
n
tal
ar
tis
tic l
egac
ies
Pilg
ri
m
age
sit
es
an
d
p
at
h
w
ays
E
co
to
u
ris
tic
d
es
tin
at
io
n
s
1
The city of Jizzakh
32
9
13
10
2
Sangzor river, Molguzar mountain
ranges
2
Sh.Rashidov
district
50
40
4
6
10
Molguzar mountain ranges
3
Zamin district
109
73
33
3
30
Turkistan and Molguzar mountain
ranges
4
Farish districts
34
15
15
4
11
Nurata mountain ranges, Aydar-
Arnasoy lake
5
Zarbdar district
22
11
3
8
-
Mirzachul
Volume 04 Issue 01-2024
22
American Journal Of Applied Science And Technology
(ISSN
–
2771-2745)
VOLUME
04
ISSUE
01
Pages:
18-26
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
705
)
(2022:
5.
705
)
(2023:
7.063
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
6
Gallaral district
71
47
9
14
6
Sangzor river, Molguzar mountain
ranges
7
Yangiabad district
29
18
11
1
12
Turkistan mountain ranges
8
Baxmal district
68
55
11
2
8
The Turkistan and Molguzar
mountain ranges, and the Sangzor
river
9
Mirzachul district
5
no
1
4
-
Mirzachul
10
Dustlik district
3
no
no
3
-
Mirzachul
11
Arnasay district
1
no
no
1
-
The Aydar-Arnasoy lake and
Qyzylkum
12
Paxtakar district
3
no
no
3
-
Mirzachul
13
Zafarabad district
no
no
no
no
-
Aydar-Arnasoy lake and Mirzachul
OVERALL
427
268
100
59
79
Within the Jizzakh region, there are a total of 427
cultural heritage sites, including 268 archaeological
relics, 100 architectural landmarks, and 59 monumental
art treasures. Among the districts within the region,
the most prominent in terms of cultural heritage sites
are Zamin (107 sites), Gallaral (71 sites), and Baxmal (68
sites). On the other hand, Arnasoy and Zafarabad
districts are considered to have the lowest number of
notable cultural heritage sites.
The tourism prospects in the rural areas of the province
are divided into three levels: high (level 1), medium
(level 2), and low (level 3). Level 1 includes the villages
of Zamin, Baxmal, Gallaral, and Jizzakh districts. Level
2 includes the towns of Forish and Yangiobod. And at a
relatively lower level (level 3), we can include the
districts of Zarbdar, Mirzachul, and other districts
located in the Chul region. However, it should be
emphasized that all historical sites in the province have
not been adequately studied or developed in terms of
tourism infrastructure. It is necessary to take measures
to conduct archaeological surveys on these territories
and to restore them accordingly.
Volume 04 Issue 01-2024
23
American Journal Of Applied Science And Technology
(ISSN
–
2771-2745)
VOLUME
04
ISSUE
01
Pages:
18-26
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
705
)
(2022:
5.
705
)
(2023:
7.063
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
Diagram 2. The number of villages in the districts of Jizzakh Province and the tangible cultural heritage objects
located within their territories.
Based on the indicators in diagram 3, it can be observed
that the districts of Gallaral, Baxmal, and Zamin, which
offer opportunities for tourism development at level 1,
are located along the northern and western slopes of
the Turkistan and Malguzar mountain ranges, making
them significant from an ethnographic and historical
standpoint as ancient settlements. In the areas with
moderate level tourism possibilities, there are
relatively fewer objects, indicating their relatively
recent historical significance. As for the districts with
level 3 tourism potential, they have been established
within the last 70 years, indicating their proximity to
the present time.
Volume 04 Issue 01-2024
24
American Journal Of Applied Science And Technology
(ISSN
–
2771-2745)
VOLUME
04
ISSUE
01
Pages:
18-26
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
705
)
(2022:
5.
705
)
(2023:
7.063
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
Diagram 3. The ten-year progression of the means of establishment in the province of Jizzakh
Located in the picturesque foothills, the natural
environment and climate of the districts situated along
the Tugai rivers have played a vital role in the
emergence of a burgeoning tourism industry in these
regions, as well as the ongoing efforts to elevate them
to global standards. Moreover, in areas possessing low
to moderate tourism potential, the development of
agrotourism can be pursued in conjunction with other
forms of tourism such as rural tourism, fishing tourism,
ecotourism, sports revitalization, and ethnographic
tourism. The foundation of Jizzakh region's economy,
encompassing predominantly agricultural activities,
particularly horticulture, sericulture, and silkworm
breeding, relies heavily on rural communities. For
instance, while Gallaral district specializes in cotton
cultivation, Farish is renowned for grape cultivation,
Baxmal excels in apricot production, and Zamin
predominantly focuses on sericulture. Similarly, the
main rural economy of Mirzachul, Dustlik, Paxtakar,
and Zarbdar districts revolves around the cultivation of
cotton, silk, and other staple crops.
The unique treasures and phenomena of cultural and
natural heritage are predominantly manifested
through their associations with preserved areas of
natural, historical, cultural, and multifunctional
significance. Furthermore, they can be attributed to
various factors, often being characterized by
unofficially protected sites that particularly hold
significant natural and socio-cultural functions.
CONCLUSION
In accordance with the national regulations outlined in
Article 5 of the Resolutions of the 119 th decision of the
Cabinet of Ministers on "Inclusion of cultural and
natural heritage in the Representative List of
UNESCO's Intangible Cultural Heritage, as well as in the
World Memory List, in the period 2021-2030 by the
Republic of Uzbekistan," the archaeological site of
Xanbandi and the Zamin Mountains in the Farish
district of Jizzakh region have been proposed for
inclusion in the World Heritage List.
However, the preservation of cultural heritage objects
in these areas remains insufficient. During subsequent
research in the Gallaral district, it was discovered that
construction work had been carried out at the
archaeological site of "Sarbazar" (Kanchikar hill)
located within the Sarbazar Nature Reserve.
Specifically, a car wash facility had been built within the
territory of the cultural heritage site without proper
authorization from the Jizzax Regional Department of
Cultural Heritage, following the decision made by the
Gallaorol district governor on December 12, 2015, to
allocate the land to a citizen named T.B. Additionally, in
Zamin district, damage was caused to the non-
moveable cultural heritage object "Jin tepa," located
within the "Navai" Nature Reserve, Achchi village, by
the resident Abdukarimov Maksud, who constructed a
residential building on the property without
permission from the authorities. Furthermore, the
western part of the non-moveable cultural heritage
object "Jar tepa," located within the "Sirgali" Nature
Reserve, Gallakor district, Zamin, has been partially
encroached upon by the road services unitary
enterprise of Zamin district. As a result, the estimated
amount of damage inflicted on the state amounted to
477,576,800 Uzbekistan sum.
The identification and protection of cultural heritage
objects that are currently being observed necessitate
the implementation of measures that cannot be
delayed in terms of their significance in today's world.
This is because the preservation of the region's
tangible and intangible heritage is vital for the
Volume 04 Issue 01-2024
25
American Journal Of Applied Science And Technology
(ISSN
–
2771-2745)
VOLUME
04
ISSUE
01
Pages:
18-26
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
705
)
(2022:
5.
705
)
(2023:
7.063
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
development of ecotourism, ensuring that natural and
recreational areas are adequately represented. All of
the objects in the province are located in natural
habitats, contributing to the enrichment and
enhancement of ecotourism routes. In other words,
the conservation and sustainable utilization of cultural
heritage is viewed as one of the fundamental factors
for the economic and social development of the region
[7].
Based on the above, we propose and the following:
1. Each cultural heritage object should primarily be
transformed into historical and ethnographic
museums within the framework of visitor complexes.
2. Allocating funds from ecotourism routes specifically
towards the exploration of archaeological sites and
cultural heritage objects located in these areas, as well
as the development of sustainable utilization projects.
3. Installing protective measures and information
boards at natural and cultural heritage sites along
ecotourism routes.
4. Increasing the production of informational and
promotional videos highlighting the natural and
cultural heritage objects in the region.
5. Engaging in scientific and practical study of the
intangible cultural heritage, such as folk groups,
renowned craftsmen, and other examples of
intangible heritage, for the purpose of shaping
ecotourism routes.
6. Establishing a comprehensive group of tour
operators and guides who possess extensive
knowledge about the natural and cultural heritage of
Jizzax province.
7. Creating publications and collections that
encompass the oral traditions, legends, folk songs,
rituals, and customs that enrich the province's cultural
and artistic heritage.
REFERENCES
1.
Decree No. PF-5611 of the President of the Republic
of Uzbekistan dated January 5, 2019 "On additional
measures related to the rapid development of
tourism in the Republic of Uzbekistan" and
approved in this decree "Uzbekistan in 2019-2025
The concept of tourism development in the
Republic.
2.
Decree of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic
of Uzbekistan dated April 22, 2019 Decision No. 347
"On measures to increase the efficiency of the use
of biological resources of the Aydar-Arnasoy lake
system"
3.
Decision No. 368 of the Cabinet of Ministers of
Uzbekistan of June 14, 2021 "On measures to
develop water recreation and beach tourism in the
Republic of Uzbekistan" and its "Aydar-Arnasoy
lake system and To'dako Application on the
program "Development of tourism services in Lake
L".
4.
Decree of the President of the Republic of
Uzbekistan dated August 3, 2019 No. PF-5781 "On
measures to further develop the field of tourism in
the Republic of Uzbekistan".
5.
Kozlov
V.I.
Жизнеобеспечение
этноса:
содержание понятия и его экологические
аспекты // Этнос и среда обитания. Сб. ст. по
этнической экологии. Вып.5. М.: Старый сад,
2017. 204 p
6.
Клоков К.Б., Михайлов В.В. Механизмы
воздействия природных и сотсиалных факторов
на жизнеобеспечение локалных сообществ
оленеводов в таежных и тундровых ландшафтах
Volume 04 Issue 01-2024
26
American Journal Of Applied Science And Technology
(ISSN
–
2771-2745)
VOLUME
04
ISSUE
01
Pages:
18-26
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
705
)
(2022:
5.
705
)
(2023:
7.063
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
7.
Этнос и среда обитания. Сб. ст. по этнической
экологии. Вып.5. М.: Старый сад, 2017. 204 p.
8.
А.Ю.
Александрова.
География
туризма.
Москва, Кно Рус, 2010, 590 с.
9.
В.В. Храбовченко. Экологический туризм. Учеб.
Пособ. Финансы и статистика, Москва, 2004.
-172
p.
10.
А.Б. Косолапов. Теория и практика
экологического туризма, Учеб. Пособ. Москва,
КНОРУС, 2005.
-
240 p. “"Economy and innovative
technologies" scientific electronic journal. No. 4,
July-August,
2019
154/2019
(No.
00042)
http://iqtisodiyot.tsue.uz
