Volume 04 Issue 08-2024
32
American Journal Of Applied Science And Technology
(ISSN
–
2771-2745)
VOLUME
04
ISSUE
08
Pages:
32-38
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
ABSTRACT
In this article, the dependence of temperature and relative humidity on the developmental phenology of Lema
melanopus, a serious pest of wheat, is studied. As a result of the increase in the number of Lema melanopus, the level
of damage to the leaves increases, the yield of wheat decreases.
KEYWORDS
Wheat, pest, egg, larva, imago, biological development cycle, level of damage.
INTRODUCTION
Research Article
THE BIOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT CYCLE AND THE DAMAGE OF THE PEST
OF THE SLIDERWORM (LEMA MELANOPUS L) IN THE CONDITIONS OF
OUR REPUBLIC
Submission Date:
Aug 17, 2024,
Accepted Date:
Aug 22, 2024,
Published Date:
Aug 27, 2024
Crossref doi:
https://doi.org/10.37547/ajast/Volume04Issue08-05
Alamuratov R.
Scientific Research Institute of Plant Quarantine and Protection, Uzbekistan
Bababekov Q.
Scientific Research Institute of Plant Quarantine and Protection, Uzbekistan
Sagdatova M.
Scientific Research Institute of Plant Quarantine and Protection, Uzbekistan
Mustafayev H.
Scientific Research Institute of Plant Quarantine and Protection, Uzbekistan
Journal
Website:
https://theusajournals.
com/index.php/ajast
Copyright:
Original
content from this work
may be used under the
terms of the creative
commons
attributes
4.0 licence.
Volume 04 Issue 08-2024
33
American Journal Of Applied Science And Technology
(ISSN
–
2771-2745)
VOLUME
04
ISSUE
08
Pages:
32-38
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
All over the world, wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) plays
an important role in ensuring the food security of the
population [1]. Climate change, abiotic factors increase
the number of pests and increase their harmful effects
[2;3].
Among cereal pests, especially leaf-feeding pests, the
impact on yield and grain quality is significant. One
such pest is the specialized phytophagous slimy worm
(Lema melanopus), which is considered a serious pest
of wheat in many grain-growing countries [5;16].
According to scientists, there are about 100 types of
slimy worm Lema spp, which live mainly in temperate
and tropical countries and are found in plants
belonging to the Amaranthacae, Commelinaceae,
Compositae, Cyperaceae, Gramineae, Leguminosae
families [18 ]. Among these families, it was noted that
the Gramineae family is highly harmful to many wild
and domesticated plants [4;8].
In the spring, when the weather conditions exceed 10-
12oC, the slimy worm beetle (imago) comes out of the
field and causes damage by gnawing the leaves of
spiked grain crops, creating narrow and elongated
holes [20]. Egg-laying period can last 2-3 weeks
depending on weather conditions. Under favorable
conditions (warm, dry and sunny weather), one female
can lay 200 to 300 eggs. In late April and early May, the
larvae feed on the leaves and cause damage. The larvae
gnaw the upper epidermis of the leaves and eat the
parenchymal tissue, and after a while, the lower leaf
layer dries up and turns white. Cereal leaf beetle larvae
reduce the metabolism of flag and lower leaves up to
50%, and sometimes up to 80% [16;20]. If the pest
control measures are not taken, the grain yield is
reduced by 30-40%, and in the years with favorable
climatic conditions for its development, it is reduced by
60% [14].
In addition, as a result of larvae feeding, wheat leaves
are contaminated with sticky substances and
droppings. Control of this pest is usually carried out
when the size of the first hatched larvae reaches 4 mm
and large numbers of hatched larvae are observed
[15;19].
In the territories of the republic, this pest spreads and
damages grain from the first half of March to the first
decade of June. Harkunda reproduces once a year. The
productivity of the female pest is from 50 to 275 eggs
(single or in clusters on the upper surfaces of the
leaves). The egg-laying period lasts up to 30 days. The
larvae molt 4 times and turn into a mushroom [7;9].
Adult beetles leave the mushroom during the ripening
period of the grain and go to the village [21;22].
METHODS
"TCT Agrocluster" LLC, located in the 2.6 and 4.2-
hectare grain field of the "Sevara Brand Stilli" farm,
planted in the hills near the mountainous region of
Qibray district of Tashkent region, and located in the
plain of Lower Chirchik district, Uzbekistan-2 region.
We conducted experiments to determine the
biological development cycle of Lema melanopus and
the level of harmfulness in 4.5 and 9.4 hectares of fields
and grain fields.
The first estimate of the number of adults, eggs and
larvae of the slimy worm beetle in nature was carried
out on April 8, 2024. Larval development was then
assessed at weekly intervals and every 2
–
3 days from
the tillering stage of winter wheat.
The time of appearance of pests, population
calculation is generally accepted Polyakov I et al.,
(1984); Osmolovsky G.E., Bondarenko N.V., (1980),
performed according to methods [10;11].
Volume 04 Issue 08-2024
34
American Journal Of Applied Science And Technology
(ISSN
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2771-2745)
VOLUME
04
ISSUE
08
Pages:
32-38
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
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In an area of 1 m2, pest larvae were counted by
sampling 50 leaves (flag leaf and the second and third
leaves from the top) randomly collected from 25 plants
growing in 10 places diagonally at an equal distance
from each other depending on the density. The leaves
of plants in the samples are carefully examined and the
number of eggs and larvae of the pest is counted.
The number of mealybug larvae and eggs was counted
during the beginning of the tuber phase of grain crops.
The scale of logarithms was used to determine the
number of pests in one bush and the population
density in a wheat field [6]. Their density was
determined using the following formula (Lowe, 1984):
LxC)
S= -------------
T
Here: S- the number of pests;
L- degree of damage to crops (in points);
C- the number of damaged plants in this score;
T is the number of plants in the sample.
Determining the degree of damage to the leaves of
grain crops with Piyavisa was carried out using the 0-5
scale of Stamenkov, S and Pankov, L. (1991) and the
methods of Rouag N et al., (2012) [12;13].
Phenological observations and records of pests and
diseases were carried out using generally accepted
methods. To determine the level of damage, the scale
of eaten bugs was used:
0 - plants are not damaged;
1 - score (traces of damage) - less losses 5% leaf surface;
2 - point (weak damage) - loss from 5 to -25%;
3 - point (average damage) - loss from 25 to 50%;
4 - point (strong damage) - losses from 50 to 75%;
5 - point (very severe damage) - loss of 75 to 100% of the
leaf surface.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
In 2024, we studied Lema melanopus biological and
ecological development characteristics and the level of
harmfulness, starting from the tuber phase of wheat,
until the earing and wax ripening phase.
In the territory of "TCT Agrocluster" LLC Uzbekistan-2,
located in the Lower Chirchik district of the Tashkent
region, we observed that the slime worm imago
(beetle) hatched from the first 10 days of March to the
third 10 days, and they mated with the female until the
second decade of April. . The egg-laying period started
from the first 10 days of April and lasted until the first
10 days of May. The development of larvae from eggs
continued from the second half of April to the end of
May
(See Figure 1). A temperature of 22-25 °C and a relative
humidity of 60-70% were observed for the
development of slimy worm eggs and larvae. The
transition to the mushroom stage began in early May
and lasted until the end of 10 days, then the beetles
that passed from the mushroom stage to the adult
imago phase remained in the soil for wintering in early
June. According to the results of the observation
carried out at the farm "Sevara Brand Stilly" located in
Kibrai district, the above indicators differed from 6-7
days to 8-10 days and passed later. The reason for this
is that the climate is relatively cool.
Volume 04 Issue 08-2024
35
American Journal Of Applied Science And Technology
(ISSN
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2771-2745)
VOLUME
04
ISSUE
08
Pages:
32-38
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
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Figure 1. Lema melanopus imago (beetle) and larva.
So, in the grain fields located in the hilly lowlands close
to the mountainous regions, the development
indicators of the slimy worm are 6-10 days later than in
the grain fields in the flat areas. (Table 1).
Table 1.
The phenological development cycle of wheat mealybug (Lema melonopus L) in 2024.
Year/month
March
April
Маy
June
July
2024
1
2
3
1
2
3
1
2
3
1
2
3
1
2
(+)
+
+
+
+
•
•
•
•
-
-
-
-
-
+
+
+
(+) (+) (+) (+)
*
VI
VI
VI VII
VII VIII IX
X
XI
XI XII
Harvest
Conditional signs: (+) Rural period; + mature breed; • egg; - larva.
*Development phases of wheat: VI - germination; VII
–
tube feeding; VIII
–
spike;
IX - flowering; X
–
milk ripening; XI
–
wax ripening; XII -
full ripening.
In order to determine the level of damage caused by
slime beetles and their larvae on the leaves during the
tuber phase of grain and the average number of eggs
and larvae of the pest, when we monitored the 2.6-
hectare field of the "Sevara Brand Stilli" farm, 22.4 per
1m2 eggs, L1+2 -1.8 pieces and L3+4 -3.3 pieces of larvae
Volume 04 Issue 08-2024
36
American Journal Of Applied Science And Technology
(ISSN
–
2771-2745)
VOLUME
04
ISSUE
08
Pages:
32-38
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
were detected, and it was found that the level of leaf
damage was 1.8 points or 9.0%. In a 4.2-hectare grain
field, 26.8 eggs, L1+2 -2.2 and L3+4 -4.3 larvae were
found, the damage level was 2.1 points or 10.5%.
"TCT Agrocluster" LLC located in the Lower Chirchik
district of the 4.5-hectare territory of Uzbekistan-2,
when samples were taken, 36.8 eggs per 1 m2, L1+2 -2.2
eggs and L3+4 -3.8 eggs larvae were detected, the
degree of damage to the leaves was 2.8 points or 16.8%.
10.2 eggs, L1+2 -3.3 and L3+4 -5.0 larvae were found in
the 1.4-hectare grain field of this district (+), the
damage level was 3.1 points or 25.8 % flag bugs were
found to be infected
(See Table 2).
Table 2.
The number of slime beetles (Lema melonopus L) in grain crops is affected, and the
degree of damage to flag leaves.
T/r
T
er
ritor
y an
d
far
m
s
h
ec
tar
e
1m2 in grain fields
The number (density)
of the pest.
Damage level (point) % of leaves per 1m2
in grain fields.
egg
larva
1-2
%
2-3
%
3-4
%
L
1+2
L
3+4
1.
S
evar
a B
ran
d
S
tilley
2,6
22,4
1,8
3,3
1,8
9,0
4,2
26,8
2,2
4,3
2,1
10,5
2.
“T
CT
A
gr
ok
laste
r”
M
ChJ
O’
zbe
kist
on
-2
4,5
36,8
2,2
3,8
2,8
16,8
1,4
40,2
3,3
5,0
3,1
25,8
CONCLUSION
So, according to our observations, the development of
Lema melanopus depends on temperature and relative
humidity from biotic factors. Because of this, the
development of the slime worm in mountainous and
sub-mountain regions differs by 6-7 days compared to
plain regions. The more larvae of the pest per 1 m2, the
higher the level of damage to the leaves, which leads
to a decrease in the yield of wheat.
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Volume 04 Issue 08-2024
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American Journal Of Applied Science And Technology
(ISSN
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VOLUME
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Pages:
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American Journal Of Applied Science And Technology
(ISSN
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VOLUME
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Pages:
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Publisher:
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