Volume 03 Issue 03-2023
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(ISSN
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03
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SJIF
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ABSTRACT
The purpose of this article is to consider the features and problems of translating official business style texts, to study
the key methods, methods and techniques for translating official business documentation in a combination of Russian
and Korean languages. The growing role of documents in social communication, as well as the expansion of
international business ties and collaborations, justify the relevance of this issue. Translation of documents is an
important and responsible task; if a mistake is made, the client can lose a lot of time, money, lose confidence or ruin
his own reputation. Therefore, the translator must know all the subtleties of translation in this area. In the course of
our research, we found out that when translating, it is important to take into account the main features of official
business documentation, such as the presence of clichés, accuracy, brevity and clarity. The following translation
methods were found: tracing, translation transcription and transliteration, omission and addition, permutations,
grammatical replacement. It is also worth noting that in the process of translation. The documentation presented by
us required an in-depth knowledge of economic vocabulary.
KEYWORDS
Official business style, documentation, simultaneous translation, clichés, stamps, Russian languages, Korean
languages, translation transformations.
Research Article
THE PROBLEM OF TRANSLATION OF FREE AND RELATED PHRASES IN
OFFICIAL BUSINESS STYLE (ON THE EXAMPLE OF KOREAN AND
RUSSIAN LANGUAGES)
Submission Date:
March 18, 2023,
Accepted Date:
March 23, 2023,
Published Date:
March 28, 2023
Crossref doi:
https://doi.org/10.37547/ajps/Volume03Issue03-05
Parvina Z. Mingalieva
Master Student Tashkent State University Of Oriental Studies, Uzbekistan
Journal
Website:
https://theusajournals.
com/index.php/ajps
Copyright:
Original
content from this work
may be used under the
terms of the creative
commons
attributes
4.0 licence.
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INTRODUCTION
The President of the Republic of Uzbekistan Sh.M.
Mirziyoyev noted that since the establishment of
diplomatic relations between the Republic of
Uzbekistan and the Republic of Korea, truly friendly
relations have been established, strong relations of
strategic partnership, constructive dialogue on the
entire range of issues on the bilateral agenda, as well
as the strengthening of economic and cultural
cooperation between Uzbekistan and Korea [1].
In accordance with the Decree of the President of the
Republic of Uzbekistan dated April 16, 2020 № PP
-4680
“On measures to radically improve the training system
and increase the scientific potential in the field of
Oriental Studies, the Tashkent State University of
Oriental Studies took consistent measures to train
qualified specialists, serving the development of
bilateral and multilateral political, economic and
cultural relations of Uzbekistan with the countries of
the East, meeting the need for personnel with
analytical thinking, able to correctly interpret the
processes taking place in the world, as well as training
simultaneous interpreters in oriental languages [2].
THE MAIN FINDINGS AND RESULTS
When it comes to the features of conference
translation, the potential of the interpreter is implied
rather than the interaction between the parties
participating in the event. Consequently, there are
many empirical studies regarding the memory or recall
of interpreters in specific situations in simultaneous
interpreting. Thus, a booth for simultaneous speech
interpretation is similar to a test tube, where the work
of an interpreter performed in it is considered to be
semi-isolated from interaction elements than in a
conversational interpretation. In such situations, the
intellectual potential, including knowledge of
ethnography, socio-cultural and contextual norms of
communication that dominate the meetings, often
take precedence over matching the text of the source
language with the text of the target language in the
traditional translation [3, p. 20].
From a translation point of view, the source text and
the translated text have different linguistic and cultural
roots. Accordingly, the translator, who plays a
connecting role in communication between the sender
and the recipient, is set to convey the intention and real
meaning of the text [4, p. 46].
In colloquial speech, in journalistic materials and,
especially, in the official business language, there are
often repeated stereotypical expressions:
토론이
격렬해졌다
discussion flared up;
시급한
문제
topical
issue;
정상회담
[5, p. 17-18]
–
high level negotiations.
“Frequently repeated ready
-made speech formulas are
commonly called clichés” [6, p. 80
-84].
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The widespread use of clichés in the official business
language should be recognized as a completely
legitimate phenomenon. They allow you to
conveniently and quickly exchange information
whenever little time is allocated for the preparation of
texts. In addition, the structure and content of the
official business text are subject to certain norms, and
its specific lexical units are, as a rule, part of clichéd
phrases [7, p. 9-72].
The study of speech units of the business language is
inextricably linked with the style of the text. Being an
integral part of speech stylistics, text stylistics
considers complex (combining several paragraphs)
verbal and stylistic structures used in the
communication process to express a certain content.
“In practical terms, the style of the
text is intended,
firstly, to contribute to a complete and deep
understanding of a speech work ..., secondly, to
contribute to the development and improvement of
cultural and speech skills and abilities, indicating the
ways and means of constructing texts (mainly non-
fiction)” [8, p. 34
-35].
The structural types identified as a result of the
analysis, which underlie the text, are also found when
considering the process of generating speech. This was
first pointed out by N. I. Jinkin in the now classic work
“Mechanisms of Speech”, where he wrote: “Semantic
rules determine the compatibility of words according
to their meanings. A ban is imposed on combinations
that contradict these rules, and thereby the number of
combinations from a certain number of words selected
from the entire vocabulary is reduced...
A further decrease in the number of combinations of
words occurs when new rules come into force, logical
ones, regulated by the criterion of truth and falsity...
Generally speaking, the series of object relations from
which the selection proceeds is infinite. However, this
series is sharply limited, firstly, by the range of
meanings of the speaker and the listener, and,
secondly, by the general task of the message” [9].
In everyday work, the linguist does not deal with
language in its abstract understanding, not with
speech as a category of language manifestation, but
with a specific speech act (in its written or oral form), a
message that is characterized primarily by the fact that
it is generated by some by a specific person in space
and time for a specific listener on a specific topic and
under circumstances that will never be repeated in
exactly the same combination. We may often
encounter the same utterance, but it is exceedingly
rare for it to be the same message, that is, for its
meaning to remain the same under the given
conditions of its generation. When communicating,
people exchange not just language signs, but
messages.
Any natural language is organized in such a way that
the speed of transmission and perception of
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information optimally approaches the limiting values
of the parameters of RAM and human attention.
Psychological research has shown that “the maximum
bandwidth of the human visual and auditory systems is
limited to 50 bits per second. Therefore, in order to
increase the communicative value of a speech
message, it is necessary to reduce its material shell, i.e.,
since the “bandwidth” of the person himself is limited,
it is necessary to condense information in the speech
stream” [10, p. 145
-166].
Such condensation of information is possible by
transferring non-automated mental operations to the
category of automated ones, which will be discussed in
more detail in paragraph 1.4 of this study. Automated
operations that do not go through the limited
bandwidth information processing system include:
recognition and translation of clichés, clichés and
standard expressions. The most convenient in this
regard are the texts of special sublanguages, which
themselves are already relatively formalized small
linguistic subsystems, in particular, texts of official
business style.
The functional and stylistic concept, which affirms the
extralinguistic, social basis of the stratification of the
language, goes back to the works of V. V. Vinogradov
and S. Balli.
The classification of styles consists in “the
division of the speech continuum into such socially
significant areas of communication that are correlated
with the types of activities corresponding to the forms
of social consciousness as an extralinguistic basis for
the division, which is closely related to the language”
[11]. The specific qualities of style are determined by
such extralinguistic factors as the nature of
communication, the typical status of the addressee,
etc.
Any text is characterized by a certain information
program, which in turn consists of rational, evaluative
and pragmatic programs designed to clarify the nature
of information depending on the aspect of
communication. Such an information program is
designed to reflect in the text one of the three main
components of the communication act. The rational
program carries information about the subject of
speech and establishes a connection between the text
and its denotation. The evaluation program reflects the
speaker’s point of view, i.e. th
e connection of the text
with the subject of the text. The pragmatic program
consists in the author's calculation for the appropriate
perception of the text by the recipient or, in the filmed
form, “in a certain model of the addressee” [12].
The basic nomination in the official business text is
cliched terms or nomenclature names from the field of
office work in various areas of legal, industrial, financial
and other activities. Usually these nominations are
expanded attributive-nominal phrases: a contract for
the supply of equipment for the construction of a gas
pipeline, an agreement on economic, scientific and
technical cooperation, an agreement on the conditions
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for sending specialists. In the text of the document, the
method of folding the nomination is often used: CIS =>
Commonwealth of Independent States. “The official
business text strives for uniformity, which is achieved
by repeatedly repeating the main nomination, which
can be a transform [13, p. 9-83].
An official business text usually focuses not on the
dynamics, but on the structural statics of thought. At
the same time, there is a strict standardization of the
language tools used. In general, the official business
style has a small set of variable means, but in each
individual text only one of the options is consistently
used. In a business text, the main logical thesis is also
very strictly linguistically indicated. It is introduced with
directly informing definitions such as, main, key,
decisive, and since the thesis of the document is
formed in accordance with the goal setting, then we
can talk about the cliché of introducing the thesis: main
goal, key role, decisive importance, for example: “The
main goal of this project is...”. Similar structures are
used in the initial part of the preamble of a business
text. “According to engineering psychology, such
standardized turns are perceived 8-
10 times faster” [14,
p. 145-166].
In business speech, the formal features of the text are
so definite and stable that they allow standardization
(this allows, for example, printing ready-made forms,
letterheads, standard contracts, where the main text is
prepared in advance and only some additional data
must be entered). It should also be noted that the main
logical thesis in the official business text, unlike the
texts of other functional styles, is not proved, but is
affirmed as a given, requiring a certain program of
actions for its implementation, set out in the
subsequent text.
Thus, the specificity of the designation of logical
connections in the official business style is very
significant and the linguistic means of logical
connection are clearly standardized here, and all
proper linguistic means as a whole are significantly
crowded out by outwardly linguistic ones [13, p. 66-67].
Some of the external linguistic means are peculiar only
to official business texts. This, for example, is a
paragraph highlighting of homogeneous phenomena
or actions (with or without alphabetic or numeric
sequence indices), which are framed in the text as
widespread homogeneous members of a sentence
using two-, three- and four-stage headings rooted in
the official business text (chapters , parts, sections,
subsections) as, for example, in the following text of
the contract:
Sample contract
부동산
계약서
임대인
○○○(
이하
"
갑
"
이라
한다
)
와
임차인
○○○(
이하
"
을
"
이라
한다
)
는
아래와
같이
부동산
임대차계약을
체결한다
.
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제
1
조【부동산의
표시】
1.
소
재
지
:
2.
부동산
종류
:
3.
면
적
: ○
㎡
제
2
조【보증금】
보증금은
금
○○○
원으로
정하고
"
을
"
은
"
갑
"
에게
다음과
같이
지불한다
.
1.
계
약
금
:
일금
원정
(\ ),
계약
시
지불
2.
중
도
금
:
일금
원정
(\ ), 20
년
월
일
지불
일금
원정
(\ ), 20
년
월
일
지불
3.
잔
금
:
일금
원정
(\ ), 20
년
월
일
지불
제
3
조【임대료】
임대료는
1
개월에
○○○
원으로
정하고
"
을
"
은
"
갑
"
에게
매월
○
일까지
지불한다
. "
을
"
이
임대료를
○
개월
이상
연체할
경우에는
"
갑
"
은
최고장을
내지
않고도
이
계약을
해지할
수
있다
.
제
4
조【인도일자】
인도일자는
20
년
월
일로
한다
.
제
5
조【임대차기간】
본
건
임대차계약은
인도일로부터
20
년
월
일까지를
존속기간으로
한다
.
제
6
조【양도
및
전대】
"
을
"
은
"
갑
"
의
승낙
없이
이
부동산의
전부
혹은
일부라도
다른
사람에게
양도
또는
전대할
수
없다
.
제
7
조【세금공과금부담】
이
부동산에
부과되는
세금은
"
갑
"
이
부담하고
공과금은
"
을
"
이
부담한다
.
제
8
조【구조변경】
"
을
"
은
"
갑
"
의
승낙
없이
마음대로
이
부동산의
형태를
조작하거나
바꿀
수
없다
.
제
9
조【배상책임】
"
을
"
은
자신의
고의
또는
부주의로
이
부동산을
훼손한
경우에
그
배상
책임을
부담하여야
한다
.
제
10
조【원상회복】
"
을
"
은
임대차기간
만료
시까지
이
부동산을
원상으로
회복시켜야
한다
.
그러나
"
갑
"
의
승낙을
얻어
이
부동산의
구조변경
등을
한
경우에는
"
갑
"
이
요구하고
"
을
"
이
수락한
승낙조건을
"
을
"
이
임대차기간
만료
시까지
충족시키는
것을
원상의
회복으로
간주한다
.
제
11
조【보증금반환】
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"
을
"
이
"
갑
"
에게
이
부동산을
명도했을
때
, "
갑
"
은
"
을
"
에게
보증금을
반환한다
. "
을
"
이
임대료
또는
제
10
조의
배상책임을
해태한
경우에는
보증금에서
이를
공제하고
잔액을
반환한다
.
제
12
조【해
약】
"
을
"
이
"
갑
"
에게
중도금
(
중도금이
없을
때는
잔금
)
을
지불할
때까지는
"
갑
"
은
"
을
"
에게
계약금의
○
배를
배상하고
, "
을
"
은
계약금을
포기하고
이
계약을
해제할
수
있다
.
제
13
조【분쟁의
해결】
이
계약으로부터
발생되는
모든
분쟁은
대한상사중재원의
중재규칙에
따라
중재로
최종
해결한다
.
제
14
조【특약사항】
상기
계약
일반사항
이외에
아래
내용을
특약사항으로
정하며
,
일반사항과
특약사항이
상충되는
경우에는
특약사항을
우선하여
적용하도록
한다
.
위의
계약을
증명하기
위하여
, "
갑
"
과
"
을
"
은
본
계약서
2
통을
작성하여
서명
,
날인한
다음
각각
1
통씩
보관한다
.
계약일자
: 20
년
월
일
[15]
It should be noted that in relation to the chains of the
train of thought, the official business text is very
specific. The absence of a detailed form of reasoning,
the minimum subjective content in the presentation of
information, the desire for the most accurate and
concise presentation determine the logical division of
the text based on the category of sequence and
extralinguistic means of communication.
Typical for an official business text is the use of
standard lexical units and metaphors of amplifying
semantics (to win, lose authority, high rates of
development), and sometimes not quite standard ones
(swelling of the apparatus, exaggerated authority),
which, according to V. N. Teliya’s classification, belong
to the second to the class of phraseological units, that
is, to phraseological combinations [16].
A more conditional problem for phraseological
combinations is the solution of the question of
belonging to the phraseology of such combinations, as
the Council of Ministers, the Supreme Council (where
in fact the word council is not used in its usual meaning,
but acts as a designation for an organization). It is
obvious that these nomenclature names are subject
not to the laws of natural language, but to the
language of official business - its terminological sphere.
The standardization of such compound terms should
also be noted, for example: Council of People’s
Deputies, Commonwealth of Independent States, etc.
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On the basis of standardization, various kinds of
“speech blanks”, or clichés, are close to such
combinations. They, as a rule, provide an opportunity
to actualize the denotative space and sufficiently and
definitely reflect the speech situation. It is not difficult
for the recipient of information to imagine what is
being said depending on what speech formulas are
used by the speaker: formulas of greeting, request,
polite refusal, invitation, expression of gratitude, etc.
The cliché can also include semantically rethought
components. So if the formula I would like to ask you a
question contains the meaning “I want to ask you”,
where
the
subjunctive
mood
expresses
an
unpretentious form of a request, then the expression
What do you want me to say is equivalent to “I can’t
say anything”, and the formula, encouragement Don't
lose your head - idiom. The examples given show that
the conditions for the reproducibility of clichés are set
by the usage of communication in certain situations,
and not by the structural and semantic properties of
words - components.
CONCLUSION
Based on the studied material, it can be argued that the
official business document is focused not on the
dynamics, but on the structural statics of thought. At
the same time, there is a strict standardization of the
language tools used. The requisites of the text of the
official business style are mostly cliched constructions,
stamps or standard periphrastic structures, with the
help of which a certain semantic and syntactic
formalization of the text is achieved. Thus, the use of
unified details of the form and text makes it possible to
reduce the time not only for transmitting, but also for
receiving information, as well as to carry out relative
unification and optimization of the business language.
REFERENCES
1.
From the congratulatory message of the
President of Uzbekistan Sh.M. Mirziyoyev to
the Acting President of the Republic of Korea
Hwang
Kyo
An.
(http://ru.sputniknews-
uz.com/politics/20170130/4706025/Dipotnoshe
niya-Uzbekistana-i-Korei-25.html)
2.
https://lex.uz/docs/3211987
3.
고영민
.
대화
통역
의
이론적
특징
과
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Volume 03 Issue 03-2023
30
American Journal Of Philological Sciences
(ISSN
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2771-2273)
VOLUME
03
I
SSUE
03
P
AGES
:
22-30
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2022:
5.
445
)
(2023:
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555
)
OCLC
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1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
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