Volume 04 Issue 12-2024
114
American Journal Of Philological Sciences
(ISSN
–
2771-2273)
VOLUME
04
ISSUE
12
P
AGES
:
114-119
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
ABSTRACT
The goal of this study is to determine how lexical elements affect writing quality, make understandable to the reader
and differences of using them in descriptive and narrative essays. The investigation includes essays of second year
students in the field of ESL and finds the most dominant lexical cohesion by analyzing the relationship between types
of the essays and coherence and consistency based on reiteration (repetition, synonym, near-synonym, superordinate
and meronym) and collocation as well.
KEYWORDS
Lexical cohesive elements, writing quality, descriptive essay, narrative essay.
INTRODUCTION
English is considered to be full of vocabulary. Since
when we write essays, we choose words carefully,
especially related to the theme, revealing every aspect
of it. An English native speaker can easily familiarize
words whether it would be a combination of words or
fixed. However, English learners must pay attention to
its meaning, using it in context or combining it with
other words. Because, some of them come with the
same word, in a text, but the meaning is different in the
sentence. In relation to this, scholars in text linguistics
focus on identifying the lexical elements used to
achieve writing quality. They divide them into two:
Research Article
ROLE OF LEXICAL COHESIVE ELEMENTS IN WRITTEN DISCOURSE
Submission Date:
December 08, 2024,
Accepted Date:
December 13, 2024,
Published Date:
December 18, 2024
Crossref doi
https://doi.org/10.37547/ajps/Volume04Issue12-20
Gulbakhor Abdukadyrova
A senior teacher of UzSWLU, Uzbekistan
Qizlaroy Abduxalilova
A student of UzSWLU, Uzbekistan
Journal
Website:
https://theusajournals.
com/index.php/ajps
Copyright:
Original
content from this work
may be used under the
terms of the creative
commons
attributes
4.0 licence.
Volume 04 Issue 12-2024
115
American Journal Of Philological Sciences
(ISSN
–
2771-2273)
VOLUME
04
ISSUE
12
P
AGES
:
114-119
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
reiteration and collocation. The most prominent
scholars, Halliday and Hasan (1976) regarded that
“cohesion is the relations of meaning, which exists
within a text and provide the semantic unity required
in the structure of that text”. It is clear from that words
and sentences must be connected through
grammatical links and vocabulary. For example:
She went to the concert yesterday.
It is grammatically correct. Because, it is a collocation,
as the verb "go" is commonly paired with "to the
concert" to describe attending a live performance.
However, when we say:
She went to the concert yesterday. And she heard her
favorite music.
It is semantically incorrect. As, it means perceiving
music unintentionally or without focus. We use “hear
music” when we are not actively paying attention to
the music or it happens naturally.
I could hear loud music playing from inside of the car
while crossing the sidewalk.
METHOD
The concept of cohesion
Cohesion is created by lexical elements when they
collaborate on cohesive text with other elements
(Halliday & Hasan, 1976). The role of cohesion holds the
unity and the meaning of the text.
Lexical cohesive elements
This research sorts words according to six lexical
cohesive elements in descriptive and narrative essays.
They are repetition, synonym (near-synonym),
antonym, superordinate, meronym and collocation.
Repetition
Repetition can be described as the word is repeated for
holding the readers’ attention on one thing. It is used
more in narrative essays rather than in descriptive
essays. As students want to emphasize the main
weight on the topic they write.
Ex: Being an only child offers living as a princess in the
world. I always found it amusing when people assume
that being an only child must be lonely and boring.
Synonym (Near-synonym)
Synonym or near-synonym are morphemes to mean
another word in the same language. It is used to create
more vivid pictures. It is nearly the same in both types
of essays, although we use less in descriptive writing
for not repeating only features of the topic.
I always recognize my dear husband from the sound of
his voice. I hear his voice in a soft, soothing tone every
time.
Volume 04 Issue 12-2024
116
American Journal Of Philological Sciences
(ISSN
–
2771-2273)
VOLUME
04
ISSUE
12
P
AGES
:
114-119
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
Antonym
Opposites are words that contrast ideas. Antonyms are
involved in narrative essays mostly, when we discuss
our experiences of changing into unforgettable
memories.
If one of the special and essential things in their life
slips from their mind, it can turn their life upside down,
even can turn friends into strangers.
Superordinate
Superordinate is a word whose meaning includes a
group of other words. When we share our story, we
can add phrases related to the story to speak more
general or specific in narrative essays.
The pines, junipers and other wild trees organize the
forest's "national" look.
Meronym
Meronym is a semantic relationship as a concept of
whole-part relation (Afnan Bahaziq, 2016). Students
use quite adequate meronym in both of their essays.
However, descriptive essays play a dominant role in
employing it.
I have observed gatherings where individuals watch
moving images on large screens, a practice they call
"television”.
Collocation
Collocation is a combination of words or terms that
frequently occur together, forming a natural
connection. Unlike the other lexical cohesive elements,
pairings of collocations are not random but are
culturally and linguistically established, making them
sound natural to native speakers.
I'm convinced that every person makes mistakes
during their lifetime or teenage years that make them
feel like an idiot every time they remember those
moments.
We can see the differences of using cohesive devices
depending on the essays. The analysis of the 103
repetitions of data established shows clear evidence
that this type of lexical element is proposed to
narrative essays. Furthermore, alike repetition,
narrative essay takes a leading role of using other
cohesive elements, antonym and superordinate, in
utilizing. Even though descriptive essays use synonym,
near-synonym, meronym and collocations effectively
like narrative essays.
Findings
In this section, we can see the differences of using of
cohesive devices depending on the essays. The analysis
of the 103 repetitions of data established shows clear
evidence, that this type of lexical element is proposed
to narrative essays. Furthermore, alike repetition,
narrative essay takes a leading role of using other
cohesive elements, antonym and superordinate, in
Volume 04 Issue 12-2024
117
American Journal Of Philological Sciences
(ISSN
–
2771-2273)
VOLUME
04
ISSUE
12
P
AGES
:
114-119
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
utilizing. Even though descriptive essays use synonym,
near-synonym, meronym and collocations effectively
like narrative essays (see Table 3)
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION
It can be concluded that the study has helped to
highlight the key points and the importance of the
lexical cohesive elements, how they make effective
writing. Also, it is observed there is a significant
relationship between cohesion and consistency, all
words are connected to each other semantically and
fixed.
REFERENCES
1.
Bahaaziq, A. (2016). Cohesive devices in written
discourse: A discourse analysis of a student’s essay
writing. English Language Teaching, 9(7), 112-119.
https://doi.org/10.5539/elt.v9n7p112
2.
Batubara, W. W., Hidayat, D. N., Husna, N., Alek, A.,
& Machfudi, M. I. (2022). A discourse analysis of
lexical cohesion on Naila Farhana’s videos.
Linguists: Journal of Linguistics and Language
Teaching,
8(1),
19-38.
https://doi.org/10.29300/ling.v8i1.6435
3.
Karadeniz, A. (2017). Cohesion and coherence in
written texts of students of faculty of education.
Journal of Education and Training Studies, 5(2), 93-
99. 10.11114/jets.v5i2.1998
4.
Halliday, M.AK., & Hasan, R. (1976). Cohesion in
English. Longdon: Longman.
Volume 04 Issue 12-2024
118
American Journal Of Philological Sciences
(ISSN
–
2771-2273)
VOLUME
04
ISSUE
12
P
AGES
:
114-119
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
Appendix
Table 1 (Descriptive essays)
1
2
3
4
5
6
Repetition
23
19
8
9
9
17
Synonym
near-
synonym
2
9
3
7
5
8
Antonym
-
1
-
3
-
1
Superordinate
5
2
1
2
1
4
Meronym
2
2
-
2
2
2
Collocation
17
19
6
14
20
17
Table 2 (Narrative essays)
1
2
3
4
5
6
Repetition
14
15
12
23
21
18
Synonym
near-
synonym
4
5
5
3
10
9
Antonym
7
3
7
4
8
4
Superordinate
6
3
6
5
4
3
Meronym
-
1
1
-
2
4
Collocation
9
16
13
18
23
17
Table 3
Table
1
(Descriptive
essays)
Table 2 (Narrative essays)
Repetition
85
103
Synonym, near-synonym
34
36
Antonym
5
33
Superordinate
15
27
Meronym
10
8
Volume 04 Issue 12-2024
119
American Journal Of Philological Sciences
(ISSN
–
2771-2273)
VOLUME
04
ISSUE
12
P
AGES
:
114-119
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
Collocation
93
96
