Volume 04 Issue 12-2024
99
American Journal Of Philological Sciences
(ISSN
–
2771-2273)
VOLUME
04
ISSUE
12
P
AGES
:
99-107
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
ABSTRACT
This article discusses the attempts to create the first linguistic dictionaries in Uzbek linguistics, the first linguistic
dictionaries, the structure of linguistic dictionaries and the provision of dictionary articles in them, and the issues of
compiled dictionaries related to the field of linguistics. Linguistics dictionaries serve as illustrative material of the
article.
KEYWORDS
Term, term, dictionary, dictionary article, linguistic dictionary, lexicon, scientific lexicon.
INTRODUCTION
The creation of terminological systems that meet the
requirements of the time in all fields of science is one
of the urgent issues of today. At the same time, there
is no doubt that their implementation is extremely
complicated and requires a lot of effort.
In particular, the compilation and publication of
terminological dictionaries, especially explanatory
terminological dictionaries, which fully cover the terms
of each field, is important for the successful solution of
all matters related to terminology. In such dictionaries,
it is important to determine the extent to which each
term correctly, fully and accurately expresses the
concept, object and phenomenon that it refers to. This
will determine how specific each term is to the
requirement.
Issues such as terminology and its theoretical
foundations, linguistic terms and their formation and
regulation in world linguistics are discussed by V.V.
Research Article
TERMINOLOGICAL DICTIONARIES RELATED TO LINGUISTICS
Submission Date:
December 08, 2024,
Accepted Date:
December 13, 2024,
Published Date:
December 18, 2024
Crossref doi
https://doi.org/10.37547/ajps/Volume04Issue12-18
Ixtiyor Ermatov
Doctor of Philology (DSc), Gulistan State University, Uzbekistan
Journal
Website:
https://theusajournals.
com/index.php/ajps
Copyright:
Original
content from this work
may be used under the
terms of the creative
commons
attributes
4.0 licence.
Volume 04 Issue 12-2024
100
American Journal Of Philological Sciences
(ISSN
–
2771-2273)
VOLUME
04
ISSUE
12
P
AGES
:
99-107
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
Vinogradov [3, 560], A.A. Reformatsky [18, 54], O.S.
Akhmanova [1, 608], V.P. Danilenko [4, 225] specially
studied in the research of scientists. Similar issues,
issues of the formation and development of linguistic
terminological systems, deficiencies and defects in
linguistic terminologies, synonymy and its elimination
problems are discussed in Azerbaijani [5, 63], Kazakh
[6, 83], Kyrgyz [13, 65], Karakalpak [11, 66] and the
terminology of the main Turkic languages and the Tajik
language [15, 124].
In Uzbek linguistics, A. Ghulomov [20, 56], V.V.
Reshetov [17, 119], A. Hojiyev [26, 144], L.V. Reshetova
[22, 56], D. Khudoyberganova [21, 44], I. In
monographs, dissertations and dictionaries of Ermatov
[19, 160] and others illuminated.
Mahmud Koshgari and Alisher Navoi described the
differences of the sound system of Turkic languages
from other languages, in particular from Arabic and
Persian-Tajik languages. In particular, Alisher Navoi
also thought about the unique vowel system of the
Turkic (Uzbek) language, but the formation of
phonetics as a separate field of linguistics occurred at
the beginning of the 20th century [10, 387].
Ayub Ghulam's scientific work published in 1940 has a
special place in the creation and unification of linguistic
terms in the Uzbek language [20, 56].
Ayub Ghulam's "Program and methodical instruction
from the Uzbek language. "Manual for external
pedagogic educational institutions" was published in
Tashkent in 1940 with the permission of the People's
Commissariat of Education. This manual provides a
Russian-Uzbek dictionary of linguistic terms. Through
this dictionary, the scientist introduced many Russian
linguistic terms into the Uzbek language, which are
mainly phonetic terms: speech organs, respiratory
apparatus, place of articulation, method of
articulation.
The scientist has mastered many linguistic terms in the
dictionary by translating them into Uzbek. For
example: gortan
–
bo‘g‘iz, labializovannie glasnie –
lablashgan unlilar, zvonkie zvuki
–
jarangli tovushlar,
gluxie zvuki
–
jarangsiz tovushlar, slog
–
bo‘g‘in,
udarenie
–
urg‘u, osnova –
asos, pryamaya rech
–
ko‘chirma gap, svyazka –
bog‘lama (given in uzbek).
The dictionary of Uzbek-Russian linguistic terms
attached to Ayub Ghulam's "Uzbek language program
and methodical instruction" contains terms expressing
the concepts of phonetics and syntax. In the
"Dictionary"
the
terms
indicative
sentence,
interrogative
sentence,
exclamatory
sentence,
secondary clauses, complement, determiner, case,
compound sentence, sentence fragments, extended
sentence are given in the "Dictionary". There is also a
Russian version of these terms.
This was the first dictionary of Uzbek-Russian linguistic
terms in Uzbek linguistics. Linguistic terms included in
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American Journal Of Philological Sciences
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VOLUME
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ISSUE
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P
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OCLC
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Publisher:
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this dictionary are listed in the order of phonetics,
morphology, and syntax sections. We also describe the
terms in the dictionary in this order and according to
the aspect of practical use and non-use:
Phonetic terms used in practice: vowels, consonants,
voiced sounds, unvoiced sounds, syllable, stress.
Morphology terms used in practice: adverb, auxiliary,
conjunction, prepositions, adverb (verb case),
adjective (verb quality), root word, artificial word, etc.
Syntax terms used in practice: indicative sentence,
interrogative
sentence,
derivative
sentence,
possessive sentence, exclamatory sentence, simple
sentence, clauses, possessive, participle, complement,
determiner, etc.
A number of terms used by Ayub Ghulam are not
currently used due to the discovery of suitable
alternatives in the further development of Uzbek
linguistics. For example: repeated vowels, repeated
consonants. To name the linguistic concepts expressed
in these terms, the terms double vowels and double
consonants are currently used, and they clearly and
completely reflect the essence of the linguistic
concept. Already, the word "double" in relation to the
repeated word clearly expresses that the sounds are
two, besides, the next term (double) has brevity and
brevity.
In the dictionary of Ayub Ghulam:
a) terms in the form of simple words: adverbial,
adjective, adverbial, auxiliary, connective, predicate;
b) compound terms: independent words, auxiliary
words, artificial words, compound words, interjections
[20, 56].
In 1980, A. Hojiyev and L. Reshetova co-authored "Brief
Annotated Dictionary of Grammatical Terms of the
Uzbek Language" [22, 56], and in 1985, A. Hojiyev's
"Annotated Dictionary of Linguistic Terms" was
published by "Teacher" publishing house. ati" [26, 144]
was published. A. Hojiyev reworked and perfected this
dictionary, and "Annotated Dictionary of Linguistic
Terms" with eleven printed plates was created [27,
168]. This dictionary includes "Glossary", "Size and
structure
of
the
dictionary",
"Conventional
abbreviations", "Main part" (explanation of terms
arranged alphabetically), "Index" (short Uzbek-
Russian terminological dictionary) consists of such
parts, the terms are explained as follows:
Link. An auxiliary verb that adapts a non-verb word to
the meaning and function of the verb...(p. 24).
Point. A punctuation mark (.) used in conditional
abbreviations is used at the end of a sentence and an
exclamatory sentence spoken in a calm tone [27, 73].
Vocabulary. A specific form of a word that takes part in
speech [27, 98].
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American Journal Of Philological Sciences
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99-107
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
Importantly, the glossary provides excellent and
concise explanations for each key term.
About the size and structure of the dictionary, it is said:
"When determining the vocabulary of the dictionary,
that is, whether to include this or that term in the
dictionary, it is necessary to study it in the literature of
the Uzbek language, on linguistics courses. In the
course of teaching work, attention was paid to
whether it was used or not, and the level of use. More
specifically, only the terms that exist in the Uzbek
language and express the phenomena specific to this
language and the phenomena common to all
languages were included in the dictionary" [27, 5].
In the dictionary, the determiner, singular, plural,
conjunction, connection, writing, pronoun, noun
auxiliaries, migration, word, language, accent, sound,
exclamation are originally Uzbek. ,
phrase, spelling, dictionary, proverb, standard, speech,
point, adjective, etc. are originally Arabic, Persian-Tajik,
such as name, idiom, sentence,
Russian-international terms such as phonetics,
morphology, syntax, term, suffix, prefix, infix,
pleonasm,
polysemy,
paraphrase,
period
are
expressed.
At the same time, in the dictionary, Uzbek compounds
such as singular number, plural number, separated
part, conjunctions of subtraction, determining
structure, case of departure, introductory word,
defining component are included in the rules of the
Uzbek language. provided as adapted.
Russian-internationally
determined
component
compounds in the form of affixal word formation,
dialectal vocabulary, agglutinative languages, locative
sentence, lexical meaning, morphological word,
paradigmatic series, polytonic accent, rhetorical
question, and vice versa , the valence of the word, the
second component of which is Russian-international,
the variants of the word, the evolution of the language,
the timbre of the sound, and the combinations in the
form of isofa are also perfect and provided with
concise comments.
During the transition from a certain socio-economic
condition to another socio-economic condition and
after that, great changes occur in the life of society.
Such changes are also reflected in the language,
because the language develops along with the
development of society. There is also the fact that no
matter how much the society develops, the names of
things and events in the language remain unchanged
for a certain period of time. As concepts disappear or
are renamed, earlier words begin to disappear as well.
That is why there are no sudden interruptions in the
language.
The history of the formation of some terminological
systems of the Uzbek language dates back to the
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Servi
distant past. Of course, the works created in such fields
as history, literature, music, medicine, astronomy,
chemistry, and mathematics use the terms of these
fields. For example, a group of lexicographers stated
that "the word algorithm originates from the name of
the great Uzbek scientist Muhammad ibn Musa al-
Khorazmi, who lived in the 9th century. Arabic al-
Khorazmi means "Khorazmian" or is in the form of a
Latinized algorithm" [28, 256]. However, the history of
the emergence and creation of Uzbek linguistic terms
is a product of the recent past compared to the terms
of the above fields.
One of the positive aspects of this dictionary is that it
also provides the etymology of Russian-international
terms. For example:
Lexicon (Greek lexikos - word-related, dictionary).
[note].
Adjunct (lat. adjunctus - joined together). [note].
Hyphen (German Dyevis < Latin divisio - division).
[note] and others.
About the structure of the dictionary articles, it is said:
"Another part of the dictionary article is the examples
that confirm the explanation given to the term. But an
example proving an explanation is not found in all
dictionary articles, but only dictionary articles compiled
for certain terms require an example" [27, 6]. For
example:
Link. [note]. For example, Talib became an artist, Talib
is becoming an artist, Talib is going to be an artist, the
auxiliary be is used with the word artist and serves to
express the meaning of mood, tense, person-number,
in the participle ana enables the realization of these
meanings.
Dialectisms. [note]. For example, jaman (bad), choch
(hair) - phonetic dialectism; patinjon (tomato), bolish
(pillow) - lexical dialectisms; I saw it on the street (I saw
it on the street) - like a grammatical dialectic.
From the dictionary, root base, sentence, word, irony,
dictionary,
metaphor,
text,
proverb,
speech,
composition,
coloring,
writing,
dissonance,
interpretation,
agreement,
participle,
transfer,
indicator, There are also terms such as adverbial,
adverbial, adjective, consonant, adjective, low
productivity, verb part, noun part, proper noun, double
negation. received This can create certain ideas about
the formation of linguistic terms.
It is known that linguistic concepts are also expressed
by means of compound terms. In works devoted to the
research of the terminological systems of the Uzbek
language, terms based on the syntactic relationship of
two or more words are called compound terms, and
this term has been stabilized in terminological studies.
Therefore, we also used the term compound term.
Compound terms [4, 131] form the main part of
terminological systems. Because in many studies,
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compound terms were created when it was impossible
to name the concepts of the field with simple basic or
artificially simple terms. In particular, out of 1002 terms
in A. Hojiyev's "Annotated Dictionary of Linguistic
Terms", 462 are simple words, 540 are compound
terms [19, 65].
"Until the last years of the former Soviet period,
teaching of the mother tongue, along with other
subjects, was not given sufficient attention" [9, 56].
Mother tongue school textbooks are no exception.
Even before independence, opinions were expressed
that the mother tongue textbooks did not meet the
requirements. In the March 18, 1987 issue of "Teachers'
newspaper" A. Hojiyev's article "Let the textbooks be
at the level of demand" was devoted to the same
problem, in which the textbooks of that time were
correctly and objectively evaluated. was There are
enough problems in the terminology of linguistics, and
since the first years of independence, the
improvement of native language textbooks and the
application of scientific achievements to them have
been set as the main agenda item [19, 98].
The study, improvement and regulation of the
terminology of Uzbek linguistics after the 60s is
associated with the name of A. Hojiyev. In his studies
on almost all levels of the Uzbek language, in his
dictionaries of linguistic terms, he has scientifically
based recommendations on the correct creation and
correct use of relevant terms. gave, literally formed the
terminology of modern Uzbek linguistics [19, 52].
Y. Tojiyev, K. Kadirov, Sh. Bobomurodova, T. Togayev,
B. Toychiboyev, M. Qurbonova, I. Ermatov and others
have a special place in the study of the history of Uzbek
linguistics and linguistic terminology. .
In 2013, "Annotated Dictionary of Linguistic Terms"
created by authors N. Mahkamov and I. Ermatov was
published in "Fan" publishing house in 1000 copies.
One of the first tasks of specialists in these fields is to
create explanatory terminological dictionaries that
cover the terms of each field as fully as possible, define
the terms that correctly, fully and accurately reflect the
essence of the phenomenon. Academician A. Hojiyev's
"Explanatory Dictionary of Linguistic Terms" published
by "Teacher" publishing house in 1985 is used as the
only and most important source.
For almost thirty years, this explanatory dictionary has
been used by teachers and students of higher
education, secondary special vocational education and
general education schools.
In connection with the granting of the status of the
state language to the Uzbek language, the dictionary
was reworked and published. (A. Hojiyev. "Explanatory
dictionary of linguistic terms", publishing house
"National Encyclopedia of Uzbekistan", Tashkent,
2002).
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During
the
period
of
independence,
wide
opportunities were created for the development of the
Uzbek language. Especially in connection with the
adoption of the Law "On Education" in 1997, special
attention was paid to study and teaching. State
educational standards have been developed. As a
result, new programs and textbooks were created. In
particular, a new generation of native language
textbooks has emerged.
"Annotated Dictionary of Linguistic Terms" created by
N.Mahkamov and I.Ermatov differs from previous
annotated dictionaries in that, firstly, it was created for
students of general education schools, academic
lyceums and vocational colleges, and secondly,
annotations it is given on the basis of native language
textbooks created for general education schools,
academic lyceums and vocational colleges.
The explanatory dictionary includes the main terms
used and used in the period from the terms used in the
first native language textbooks created at the
beginning of the 20th century to the current mother
tongue textbooks.
When commenting on linguistic terms, the attention is
mainly focused on the terms in the current mother
tongue textbooks and they are explained. Terms
created in the past, but not used in current textbooks,
are included and explained. Because the terms in all
native language textbooks, regardless of the scope
and period of their use, undoubtedly had an impact on
the formation and development of linguistic terms of
the next period.
More than one and a half thousand terms are covered
and explained in this explanatory dictionary of
linguistic terms.
CONCLUSION
In conclusion, it can be said that until dictionaries are
created, various negative phenomena in the
terminological system, for example, the use of more
than one term to express the same concept and, on the
contrary, the use of one term to express several
(different) phenomena llation, the existence of terms
that cannot correctly, fully and clearly express the
essence of the phenomenon, and other negative
phenomena continue.
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