American Journal Of Philological Sciences
125
https://theusajournals.com/index.php/ajps
VOLUME
Vol.05 Issue02 2025
PAGE NO.
125-128
10.37547/ajps/Volume05Issue02-35
Semantic study of speech verbs in world linguistics
Davron Mutalov
Teachers of Oriental university, Uzbekistan
Gulandom Abdullayeva
Teachers of Oriental university, Uzbekistan
Received:
24 December 2024;
Accepted:
26 January 2025;
Published:
28 February 2025
Abstract:
The main objective of this research is to examine the historical roots of Turkic speech verbs widely used
in Uzbek and Turkic languages and to analyze their lexical-semantic development based on their general and
specific aspects. This study aims to determine the place of Turkic linguistic units in the dictionaries of related
languages and to conduct a comparative analysis to identify the key aspects of semantic development of speech
verbs in Turkology. Furthermore, it focuses on analyzing the semantic relationships of specific and diverse terms
in Uzbek and Turkic languages and determining the degree of their semantic similarity in translation.
Keywords:
Uzbek, Turkish, Turkology, grammar, speech verbs.
Introduction:
Uzbek and Turkic languages belong to the
Turkic language family and are spoken in Central Asia.
Speech verbs hold an important place in these
languages and present an interesting field of study for
linguists. This research investigates the semantic
structure of speech verbs in Uzbek and Turkish. A
general definition of speech verbs is provided, and their
linguistic significance is emphasized. The study
highlights the functions and applications of speech
verbs within different contexts. Examples from Uzbek
and Turkish languages are analyzed to illustrate the
semantic structure of these verbs.
The semantic study of speech verbs in world linguistics
is a significant topic in linguistic research.
Understanding the semantics of speech verbs helps
linguists grasp how meanings are structured in a
language and how they are utilized for logical and social
purposes.
Speech verbs are one of the core grammatical
categories of a language. They possess distinct
semantic, syntactic, and morphological features and
play a crucial role in communication. The study of the
semantics of speech verbs considers the following key
aspects:
1.
The meaning and usage of speech verbs in
various linguistic contexts.
2.
Their function in communication and
discourse.
3.
Comparative analysis of their semantic
development in related languages.
This research contributes to a deeper understanding of
the evolution of speech verbs and their role in language
structure and communication.
Speech verbs express specific meanings and usually
denote various predicates (actions, states, or changes
in states). The semantic specificity of these verbs
depends on their contextual usage.
The communicative purposes of verbs play a crucial
role in the study of speech verb semantics, as they
determine how sentences are structured and how the
purpose of speech is conveyed. The study also
examines which types of information or social
situations these verbs are used to express. It is essential
to analyze verb semantics by considering their active
(constant) and passive (variable) states, their semantic
roles in sentences, and the relationships between
subject, object, and predicate.
The study of speech verb semantics must also take into
account the modal characteristics of verbs. Modality
includes semantic aspects that determine whether an
American Journal Of Philological Sciences
126
https://theusajournals.com/index.php/ajps
American Journal Of Philological Sciences (ISSN
–
2771-2273)
action is performed definitively or conditionally, such
as expressions of possibility, probability, or obligation.
A detailed analysis of the semantic nuances of speech
verbs and their practical usage has been conducted.
This scientific article presents a comparative analysis of
speech verbs in Uzbek and Turkish, highlighting their
differences and similarities. The findings contribute to
a deeper understanding of linguistic relations between
these languages and provide valuable insights for
linguistic research. The study concludes that research
on the semantic structure of speech verbs in Uzbek and
Turkish fills an important gap in linguistics and will be
essential for future research in this area.
In world linguistics, systematic study of foreign
languages has led to significant transformations in
understanding their social significance. Language is
now regarded as a sociolinguistic and communicative
phenomenon. New directions have emerged in the
deep study of the structural and functional layers of
language,
including
theoretical
paradigms,
comparative, typological, and cross-sectional linguistic
studies. The communicative role of language and
translation in cultural interactions between nations has
been recognized.
With globalization accelerating integration processes
among countries, the need for translating literary and
written monuments, which hold unique historical and
civilizational value, has increased. In the 21st century,
the development of cultural relations among nations
has made the study of translation issues from Turkish
to Uzbek an urgent task.
Although some research has been conducted on
linguistic semantics in global linguistics, the problem of
explaining semantic meanings in different languages
and the linguistic specifics of translation have not been
sufficiently explored. This includes the structure and
potential of speech verbs in Uzbek and Turkic
languages, their semantic typology, emotional,
expressive, and emotive features, and how they are
reflected in bilingual dictionaries. While the formation
and classification of speech verbs in Uzbek and Turkic
languages have been studied, their linguistic aspects
remain incompletely explored.
The differences in words and meanings among Turkic
languages are stronger than their phonetic and
grammatical differences. As a result, although these
languages originated from a common root, their
speakers have lived in different geographical,
economic, and historical conditions. When language is
viewed as a living treasury of a nation's history, it
primarily refers to the vocabulary that directly reflects
all the changes in the life of the people.
Kaare Grønbech’s 1936 book "Turkish Grammar" was
created based on materials related to Turkic languages
and dialects, focusing on the general study of word
classes, phrases, and certain characteristics of the
Turkish language, including simple sentences. In
general, the idea that Turkic languages consist of a
group of determiners and determinands led Kaare
Grønbech to use the terms "subject" and "object,"
which contributed to the development of the theory
that classifying words based on word classes in Turkic
languages is highly relative. A. Nurmakhanova's
monograph, dedicated to the study of simple sentence
types in Uzbek, Karakalpak, and Kazakh languages,
explores
the
grammatical
and
intonational
characteristics of sentences based on their
communicative purpose
—
declarative, imperative,
interrogative, and exclamatory sentences.
This scientific article discusses topics such as
interlingualism, translation theory and practice,
linguistic translation studies, and language culture. The
theoretical foundation of this research consists of
monographs, books, theses, scientific collections,
textbooks, educational manuals, and articles published
in the specified fields. Since the 1920s, due to profound
socio-economic changes, significant transformations
have taken place in the development of most Turkic
languages. Over approximately 100 years, the
languages and cultures of Turkic-speaking peoples have
undergone such major changes that some languages
have developed entirely different literary forms due to
the influence of other linguistic systems.
The most dynamic and rapidly changing part of any
language is its vocabulary. Therefore, studying this
aspect is essential in linguistics. However, research
specifically dedicated to comparative lexicography is
relatively scarce. The comparative study of Turkic
language dictionaries allows for analyzing the
developmental and interactional characteristics of
these languages, making it one of the most pressing
topics in Turkology.
Naturally, explanatory and translation dictionaries that
fully reveal all meanings of words in Turkic languages,
as well as comprehensive historical-etymological
dictionaries and historical lexicography of specific
Turkic languages, do not yet exist. This situation makes
it possible to comparatively interpret and analyze
dictionary content. Effective comparative-historical
lexical research requires searching through thousands
of lexical units and comparing hundreds of variants. It
is important to emphasize that the positive resolution
of the issue of kinship among Turkic languages
facilitates their comparative study to some extent.
The differences in words and meanings among Turkic
languages are stronger than their phonetic and
American Journal Of Philological Sciences
127
https://theusajournals.com/index.php/ajps
American Journal Of Philological Sciences (ISSN
–
2771-2273)
grammatical differences. Although these languages
have a common origin, their speakers have lived in
different geographical, socio-economic, and historical
conditions. When language is viewed as a living
treasury of a nation's history, it primarily refers to the
vocabulary that directly reflects all the changes in the
life of the people.
In Uzbek linguistics, numerous studies have emerged
that analyze word units and their phenomena using
systematic linguistic methods, particularly through
systematic lexicography, founded by Ferdinand de
Saussure. It is noteworthy that most of these studies
deeply examine the lexical semantics, lexical-semantic
valency fields, and syntactic scope of verbs, which are
considered complex lexical units. Such analytical
methods have been applied in Turkology, using Tatar,
Turkish, and Kazakh languages as examples.
Many scientific studies on the comparative-historical
analysis of lexical units in two or more Turkic languages
are based on analytical methods characteristic of
traditional linguistics.
For example, some studies on the comparative
interpretation of Uzbek and Turkish lexicon and
grammar have not gone unnoticed. Within the study of
Turkic language syntax, some references to Uzbek and
Turkish languages have been made. Although not all of
the comparative studies between Uzbek and Turkish
languages are at the level of doctoral dissertations, the
significant attention given to their comparison is
evident.
It is worth noting that Nuray Tamir, a researcher at Gazi
University, Faculty of Turkish Language and Literature,
is a prolific scholar among Turkish linguists studying
Uzbek. This researcher has contributed several
scientific works, including:
•
"Grammaticalization from Chagatai to Uzbek
(on the auxiliary verbs tur- and yat-)", 2020
(Çağataycadan Özbekçeye Gramerleşme (Tur
- ve Yat-
Yardımcı Fiillerinde));
•
"Mongolian Words in Late Chagatai Turkic
Texts", June 1-7, 2018, Ulaanbaatar (Son Dönem
Çağatay Türkçesi Metinlerinde Geçen Moğolca
Kelimeler);
•
"Complex Verbs Formed by Noun + Auxiliary
Verb in Late Chagatai Turkic" (2015, Çanakkale) (Son
Dönem Çağatay Türkçesinde İsim + Yardımcı Fiil
Kuruluşundaki Birleşik Fiiller).
Additionally, Faizurrahman Farzam, a master's student
at Akdeniz University, conducted a comparative study
titled:
•
"Comparison of Nouns and Verbs in Modern
Afghan Uzbek and Turkish", 2013 (Günümüz Afganistan
Özbek Türkçesiyle Türkiye Türkçesinin İsim ve Fiillerinin
Karşılaştırılması).
Despite being a master’s thesis, this research takes a
deep approach to the topic, providing clear examples.
Fikret Yıkılmaz from Gazi University, Faculty of
Literature, Department of Philosophy, defended a
doctoral dissertation in 2001 titled:
•
"Comparison of Foreign Words in Uzbek
Turkish with Those in Turkish", (Özbek Türkçesindeki
Yabancı
Sözcüklerin
Türkiye
Türkçesindekilerle
Karşılaştırılması).
Moreover, Nuh Doğan, a professor at Ondokuz Mayıs
University, Faculty of Turkish Language and Literature,
published a research paper titled:
•
"Communication Verbs in Turkish: A Hybrid
Approach to Verb Classification", Ankara 2022
(Türkçede İletişim Fiilleri: Fiillerin Sınıflandırılmasında
Hibrit Yaklaşım).
In this study, five linguistic principles and criteria
specific to Turkic languages were developed for
communication verbs:
1.
Member and role structure
2.
Member structures
3.
Chain of event structures
4.
Syntactic structure
5.
Lexical structure
Based on these principles, smaller subclasses of
communication verbs were identified, leading to a
more systematic and precise classification than
intuitive,
theme-based
verb
classifications.
Communication verbs were categorized into seven
major classes based on linguistic criteria. Then, each
major class was divided into specific syntactic
categories according to the syntactic structure and
behavior of verbs. Additional criteria were used to
classify each main semantic and sub-syntactic verb
class into four different verb types.
At the final stage, a prototype verb representing each
class was identified, and its classification was
structured based on meaning. This process resulted in
thirty-one subclasses of meaning-sensitive Type I
communication verbs.
In his research article "Sequential Verb Constructions in
Contemporary Turkic Languages" (Çağdaş Türk
Dillerinde Sıralı Fiil Yapıları), Professor İbrahim Ahmet
Aydemir from Hacettepe University, Faculty of Modern
Turkic Dialects and Literature, discusses different
classifications of compound verbs in Turkish. He
suggests that compound verbs may be categorized
under various names, such as binary verbs, modal
American Journal Of Philological Sciences
128
https://theusajournals.com/index.php/ajps
American Journal Of Philological Sciences (ISSN
–
2771-2273)
auxiliary verbs, descriptive verbs, semi-descriptive
verbs, and compound verbs formed with modal
suffixes.
For example, commonly used phrases in Turkish spoken
language include necha bor, kap kel, kel al, al git, etc.
Evaluating sequential verb structures within the
context of compound verbs is challenging. Moreover,
the lexicalization of certain sequential verb formations
into compound nouns (tormoq, qochmoq, divan,
to‘lqin, etc.) serves as crucial evidence of the close
relationship between compound verbs and sequential
verb constructions.
Similarly, Professor Zilola Hudaybergenova from Bartın
University, Faculty of Literature, Department of
Modern Turkic Dialects and Literature, in her article
"Semantic-Formal Inconsistencies in Affirmative and
Negative Sentences in Uzbek and Turkish" (Özbek
Türkçesi ve Türkiye Türkçesindeki Olumlu ve Olumsuz
Cümlelerde Anlamsal-
Şekli Uyumsuzluk), explores the
similarities and differences between affirmative and
negative sentences in Uzbek and Turkish.
First, the definition and interpretation of affirmative
and negative expressions in both languages are
examined in the context of Uzbek and Turkish
linguistics. Then, the means used to form negative
sentences in both languages are compared. The study
also notes cases where affirmative-looking sentences
convey a negative meaning, and vice versa, negative
sentences express an affirmative meaning in certain
contexts.
CONCLUSION
Summary of the Semantic Study of Speech Verbs in
World Linguistics
The research on the semantic study of speech verbs in
world linguistics explores how different cultures and
languages represent various semantic layers of verbs.
This study includes the following key directions:
1.
The Evolution and Transformation of Verbs
Linguists conduct extensive research on the semantic
changes in verbs and their role in language
development. This allows them to examine how
languages evolve through historical and social
influences.
2.
Semantic Similarities and Differences of Verbs
Across Languages
Analyzing the semantic roles of verbs and their usage
characteristics across different languages helps
linguists understand both universal and language-
specific features.
3.
Cultural and Social Influences
The semantic study of verbs also enables an
examination of the relationship between language and
culture, the goal-oriented nature of speech, and the
ethical norms embedded in linguistic expressions.
4.
Psycholinguistic
and
Sociolinguistic
Perspectives on Speech Verbs
The study of speech verbs extends to their analysis
from psycholinguistic and sociolinguistic perspectives.
This approach helps linguists understand language not
only from a grammatical standpoint but also in terms
of its full communicative potential.
REFERENCES
https://dergipark.org.tr/en/download/article-
file/2691512
https://www.academia.edu
www.dieweltdertuerken.org
