Volume 04 Issue 02-2024
82
American Journal Of Social Sciences And Humanity Research
(ISSN
–
2771-2141)
VOLUME
04
ISSUE
02
P
AGES
:
82-86
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
993
)
(2022:
6.
015
)
(2023:
7.
164
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
ABSTRACT
In this article, the history of Bakhshi schools, which have a long history in Uzbek music culture, and the creative works
of Bakhshi who contributed to the achievement of certain achievements in the art of music were discussed.
KEYWORDS
Gift, creator, epic, death, tradition, custom, song, manners, education, knowledge, art, ability.
INTRODUCTION
The importance of folklore is great in the development
of the people's lifestyle of every nation, and it has
accumulated a rich heritage of spiritual beliefs over the
centuries, making a worthy contribution to the
education of the young generation. It is known that the
decision of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan
dated 14.05.2019 No. PQ-4320 on measures to further
develop the art of philanthropy, as well as the II
International philanthrop No. PQ-5070 of the President
of the Republic of Uzbekistan dated 10.04.2021 The
adoption of decisions on additional measures to
prepare for the art festival and create favorable
conditions for the development of the art of bakshi
made all artists and bakshi happy. Epics, which are an
important direction of folklore, have very deep
historical roots, were created for many centuries and
were sung in different socio-economic conditions. The
first epics appeared in Greece were sung about the
bravery of legendary heroes and the blessings of gods.
Homer's «Iliad», «Odyssey», Abulqasim Firdausi
«Shahnoma» Alighieri Dante (Dante Alighieri 1265-1321)
«Divine Comedy» 13 (written between 1307-1321,
Research Article
FORMING THE TEACHER-DISCIPLE TRADITION IN STUDENTS BY
STUDYING THE HISTORY OF UZBEKISTAN'S CHARITABLE SCHOOLS
Submission Date:
February 11, 2024,
Accepted Date:
February 16, 2024,
Published Date:
February 21, 2024
Crossref doi:
https://doi.org/10.37547/ajsshr/Volume04Issue02-13
Sh. Toshpolatova
Kokan State Pedagogical Institute 2nd year student, Uzbekistan
Journal
Website:
https://theusajournals.
com/index.php/ajsshr
Copyright:
Original
content from this work
may be used under the
terms of the creative
commons
attributes
4.0 licence.
Volume 04 Issue 02-2024
83
American Journal Of Social Sciences And Humanity Research
(ISSN
–
2771-2141)
VOLUME
04
ISSUE
02
P
AGES
:
82-86
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
993
)
(2022:
6.
015
)
(2023:
7.
164
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
published in 1472 and in three parts consists of: the first
is «Hell», the second is «Purification», i.e. also called
«Purgatory», it is the interval between hell and heaven,
knowledge and goodness, and the third is «Paradise»)
His works are ancient examples of the epic genre. The
epics, by their essence, are heroic («Alpomish»,
«Farhad and Shirin»), romantic («Sab'ai Sayyor»),
romantic («Tahir and Zuhra», «Layli and Majnun»), war
novel («Yusuf and Ahmad», «Saddi Iskandari»),
historical
memoir
(«Shaybaniynoma»,
«Jizzakh
Rebellion»), falsafiy («Hayrat ul-abror»), fantastic-
allegorical («Lison uttayr»), didactic («Kutadgu bilig»)
type. Heroism while the fate of the people and society
is described in his epics, the adventure of lovers is in
the first place in romantic epics. A historical memoir or
in historical-biographical epics, some historical figures
are symbolized and exaggerated. In general, epics are
characterized by idealization, exaggerated images,
various legends, myths, stories, giants, fairies, Khizr,
dragons, strange horses (Boychibor in «Alpomish»),
magic are often involved. Folk epics are performed by
bakshi, epic poets and folk poets accompanied by
dutor, dombira and other folk instruments. Although
epics in folklore and epics in written literature look the
same in terms of form and style, epics in written
literature reflect the writer's unique perception and
evaluation of the world and his own thoughts and
dreams. It differs in the way of expression, method,
style. Although most of Navoi's epics, including «Layli
and Majnun» and «Saddi Iskandari», were based on the
folklore theme, the poet completely recreated them
based on his aesthetic views and artistic intention. The
content of epics is heroic, war, historical, romantic,
domestic life was in the directions. Bakhshi poets
played an important role in the performance of epics.
Sanskrit bhikshu means warrior, dervish is interpreted
as who sings songs and epics from memory in
Uzbekistan, an artist who tells, transmits from
generation to generation. The word Bakhshi is
sometimes a shaman it is also used in the sense of, in
general, storytellers and storytellers are called
centurion, soki, count, and jirov. There are basically
two reasons. It is divided into two categories -
executive and creative. executive gifts, basically, the
epics learned from the teacher with minor changes if
they sing, the creative bakhshis are new epics based on
the oral epic tradition also create. Such bakhshis are
also called poet bakhshis, for example, poet Ergash,
poet Fazil, poet Polkan, poet Abdulla, poet Khidir poet
and others. Bakhshis sing epics and songs, dombira,
dutor sings to the accompaniment of words like The
Khorezm Bakhshis are mainly epics, dutor, they
perform partly with string, they have gizjak and
bolamanda the tunes will be accompanied. A strict
order in singing epics, training disciples, the rules are
followed. Buddha during the Mongol invasion the
Qalandars in religion, the author of various documents
based on the Uyghur alphabet office workers,
Mongolian surgeons, Chigatoy clan, Golden Horde,
Clerks in Kazan and Crimean khanates, accountants
Volume 04 Issue 02-2024
84
American Journal Of Social Sciences And Humanity Research
(ISSN
–
2771-2141)
VOLUME
04
ISSUE
02
P
AGES
:
82-86
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
993
)
(2022:
6.
015
)
(2023:
7.
164
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
and payers of military units in the Babiri state large
officials, funds for the construction of administrative
buildings in the Bukhara Emirate people who keep
(expenditure) accounts, in Turkmen, clan they also
called their elders Bakhshis. Bakhshi Art Center In
Uzbek folklore, Boysun, Bulungur, Nurota, Narpay,
Kurgan, Great epics such as Khorezm, Shahrisabz,
Sherabad, Chirakchi in addition to schools, Kamay,
Piskent, Qulbukan, Uzbek-Lakai and others such
centers are also known. Their repertoire, style, known
creativity differ from each other according to the
principle and methods of execution. In heroic epics, the
will of the people is against the invaders from such
heroic epics, where valiant struggles are reflected one
was the epic «Alpomish». A series of epics about the
bravery of Goroguli, one of the people's favorite
heroes, in Uzbek, Tajik, Kazakh, Turkmen, Karakalpak,
Tatar, common among Azerbaijani, Georgian, Turkish
peoples. Legendary epics describe the heroism of
heroes in historical and legendary wars. Among them
were
«Jangnomai
Abo
Muslim»,
«Jangnomai
AmirKhamza», Firdavsi's «Shahnoma», «Jangnomai
Jamshid», «Khushang», «Tomaris». In the repertoire of
the Bakhshis, there are epics created based on the past
events and events, the activities of historical figures,
and historical truth in them. In the repertoire of the
Bakhshis, there are epics created based on the past
events and events, the activities of historical figures,
and historical truth in them. With myth, reality source
and artistic fabric are mixed. In the beginning of the
20th century, epics such as «Jizzakh Uprising» and
«Mardikor» created on historical themes reflected the
events of the people's uprisings that covered the
whole of Turkestan in 1916. Romantic epics made up
the largest part of Uzbek folk epics. Their plots are very
similar, usually the hero falls in love with a beautiful girl
and goes on a journey, wonderful he experiences
events, overcomes difficulties and reaches his goal
achieves Love conflicts, adventure stories like
«Kuntugmish». is included in the series of such epics.
«Sahibqiron», «Orzugul», «With Erali». Stories related
to people's everyday life in «Sherali» epics reflected.
Epic writing is widely developed in Surkhandarya and
Kashkadarya oases, Khorezm and Samarkand region.
In this period, the epic singer. There were more than
150 folk epics in the repertoire of bakhshis. Among the
people, Yoldosh bulbul, Ergash Jumanbulbul son, Fazil
Yoldosh son, Íulkan, Epic singers such as Islam poet,
Berdi Bakhshi, Bola Bakhshi, Ahmed Bakhshi were
famous. Poet Polkan, who had an extraordinary power
of memory, knew more than seventy epics by heart.
The fact that each epic contains poems from two to
three thousand lines to ten to fifteen or even twenty
thousand verses means that folk poets have a great
potential, a strong memory, the ability to memorize
and remember, and the power of creativity. indicated
that he was The son of Fazil Yoldosh and the son of
Ergash Jumanbulbul could recite 60 epics by heart.
Special parties and weddings are organized to listen to
the epic.
Volume 04 Issue 02-2024
85
American Journal Of Social Sciences And Humanity Research
(ISSN
–
2771-2141)
VOLUME
04
ISSUE
02
P
AGES
:
82-86
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
993
)
(2022:
6.
015
)
(2023:
7.
164
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
It didn't go without a lot of goodies, the listeners put
the goodies in the net and paid attention to it who
listened with Talented epic writers epic for two or
three nights those who can sing, because the volume
of epics is continuous for two or three nights required
execution. Shernazar Berdinazar had seven sons from
Bakhsh could tell a story during the night. He visited
epic nights Bakhshis with their talents, eloquence, and
skill in playing music who competed with each other.
The region has its own traditions epic schools were
formed. Especially Bulungur, Narpay, Kurgan,
Large epic schools such as Khorezm, Shahrisabz, and
Yerabad are famous was They have a repertoire, a
style, a certain principle of creativity and performance
differed from each other according to the methods.
The Bulungur epic school was distinguished by the skill
of singing the epic «Alpomish», other bakhshis came
here to improve their skills. His representative, Amin
Bakhshi, could sing the epic «Alpomish» for 3 months.
The Kamay epic center, formed in the village of Kamay
in the Kashkadarya oasis, united about 60 Bakhshis
living around Dehkhanabad and Guzor districts. The
Kurgan epic school united the Bakhshis who lived in the
foothills of the mountains stretching from Mangishtov
to Nurota. The best of the Kurgan epic school one of
the talented representatives is the son of Ergash
Jumanbulbul (1868
–
1937) and Polkan was a poet (1874-
1941), among whom «Alpomish», «Yakka Ahmed»,
«Aysuluv», «Kuntugmish», «Birth of Gorogli», «Yunus
Fairy», «Misqal Pari», «Avazkhan», «Hasankhan» epics
were recorded.
The ancestors of the son of Ergash Jumanbulbul,
Sultan, in the epic school Dozens of storytellers such as
kampir, Tilla kampir, Jodmon Bakhshi are active
conducted. The art of the Khorezm epic school differs
from other epic schools in terms of style. The epics of
Khorezm are written had a source, sometimes a
handwritten text in the hand of the speaker, in which
music played a leading role, more romantic epics were
sung, led by the collective executive. All of Khorezm's
Bakhshi epic those who performed a song in a certain
tune, the storytellers gave these they call it roads or
bakhshi names. Bakhshi words and song performed in
an open voice, accompanied by a dutor or strings.
Kashkadarya, Representatives of Surkhandarya,
Samarkand school of philanthropy accompanied by
drums singing in a muffled, that is, in a closed voice, to
the epic process in an open voice those who gave the
definition. The Uzbek-Lakai Bakhshis living in southern
Tajikistan are related to Jorubkol village of Dangara
district of Fargona region. Son of Haibat Shamol (19th
century), Son of Tola Haibat (1884
–
1966), Son of
Mustafaqul Kunduz (1883
–
1966), Son of Shamurod
Shamol (1883
–
1964) and others were considered
among the talented representatives of this school. The
basis of the repertoire of these bakhshis is the
«Gorogli» series of epics, the text of which is extremely
short and concise.
Volume 04 Issue 02-2024
86
American Journal Of Social Sciences And Humanity Research
(ISSN
–
2771-2141)
VOLUME
04
ISSUE
02
P
AGES
:
82-86
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
993
)
(2022:
6.
015
)
(2023:
7.
164
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
Heydar Boycha son, son of Razzaq Kazakh, Osman
Mamatqul's son, Bori Bakhshi, in the works of Mallavoy
Hashimovs It shows that the influence of the Bulungur
epic school was strong. Spiritual values and beliefs in
the folklore of Dostan is a source of uplifting, sung by
the Bakhshis together, staging it theatrically, to motion
pictures directions of singing, song, terma and lapar
method have also developed is going Lyric-epic genres
in the expression of the epic during the years of
independence importance is increasing. Uzbek folklore
and Uzbek classics During the years of independence,
extensive work was carried out for the all-round
development of the national spiritual culture in
Uzbekistan, and significant efforts were made to
inculcate national Uzbek epics into the public
consciousness things are done. In order to promote
the essence and content of the epics, dramatized
documentary, artistic and theatrical topics were
created. Today, in the 7th grade music culture classes
in secondary schools, students are taught about the art
of bakshi as part of the theme of the year called local
styles of Uzbek folk music. The provision of
information ensures that students learn about history
through folk art and develop love for this art form.
REFERENCES
1.
Alaviya M. Uzbek folk ritual songs. -Tashkent:
1974.
2.
Ashirov A. Ancient beliefs and rituals of the
Uzbek people.-Tashkent:
3.
National Library of Uzbekistan named after
Alisher Navoi, 2007.
4.
Zarifov H.T. Uzbek folklore. For pedagogical
institutes
5.
chrestomathy.
6.
Mirzaev T., Epic repertoire of folk gifts, T., 1979;
7.
Turdimov
Shamirza.
The
genesis
and
progression of «Gorogli» epics
8.
stages. -Tashkent: Science, 2011.- 239 p.
