Authors

  • Kodirjonov Omadjon Tavakkaljon Ugli
    FACULTY OF HISTORY THE 3rd YEAR STUDENT, ANDIJAN STATE UNIVERSITY, Uzbekistan
  • Muminov Khusanboy Madaminjanovich
    Scientific Supervisor, Associate Professor of The Department of History of Uzbekistan, Andijan State University, Faculty of History, Uzbekistan

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.37547/ajsshr/Volume04Issue02-05

Keywords:

Investment substance international contract

Abstract

In this article, the recognition of the Republic of Uzbekistan by the Chinese state in the process of its international recognition after gaining independence and its importance is highlighted on the basis of scientific research.


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ABSTRACT

In this article, the recognition of the Republic of Uzbekistan by the Chinese state in the process of its international

recognition after gaining independence and its importance is highlighted on the basis of scientific research.

KEYWORDS

Investment, substance, fair, international contract, export, import.

INTRODUCTION

After gaining independence, the Republic of

Uzbekistan took on a number of important tasks in

internal and external political issues. Among them, the

most important external issue is the international

recognition of Uzbekistan as an independent,

sovereign and equal state. Of course, behind this task

there were also the main tasks of finding important

future economic, political and cultural partners of

Uzbekistan and establishing diplomatic relations with

them. At this time, recognition of its independence by

major economic countries and establishing economic

relations with them as soon as possible was an issue on

Research Article

HISTORY OF TRADE-INVESTMENT RELATIONS BETWEEN UZBEKISTAN
AND CHINA

Submission Date:

February 01, 2024,

Accepted Date:

February 06, 2024,

Published Date:

February 11, 2024

Crossref doi:

https://doi.org/10.37547/ajsshr/Volume04Issue02-05


K0dirjonov Omadjon Tavakkaljon Ugli

FACULTY OF HISTORY THE 3rd YEAR STUDENT, ANDIJAN STATE UNIVERSITY, Uzbekistan

Muminov Khusanboy Madaminjanovich

Scientific Supervisor, Associate Professor of The Department of History of Uzbekistan, Andijan State
University, Faculty of History, Uzbekistan

Journal

Website:

https://theusajournals.
com/index.php/ajsshr

Copyright:

Original

content from this work
may be used under the
terms of the creative
commons

attributes

4.0 licence.


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the agenda for Uzbekistan. Because the country had

not yet achieved grain independence, and only a

limited amount of food products remained in the

country. This required finding partners in foreign policy

who would help replenish food resources until the

country achieves grain independence, and who would

be able to conduct reliable trade and economic

cooperation. Another aspect was that in order for

Uzbekistan to access world trade routes, sea routes

were also necessary. One of the closest countries that

can meet such requirements is the People's Republic of

China.

The government of the People's Republic of China has

a long history of maintaining close trade and economic

cooperation relations with the countries of Central

Asia, especially the ancient countries of Uzbekistan,

through the Great Silk Road, and these relations are

beneficial for both sides, the Soviet Union After the

disintegration of the Union, it considered the countries

of Central Asia as reliable, close, important economic

partners and showed great interest in establishing

close relations with these countries.

RESEARCH METHODS

The article was written based on sources such as

historical sources and literature, periodical press

materials, Internet resources, and methods of

historical research such as scientific objectivity, logical

consistency, comparative analysis, and chronological

consistency.

RESULTS

On December 27, 1991, the PRC recognized Uzbekistan,

Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Turkmenistan, and Tajikistan

as independent states [1]. Central Asian countries,

especially Uzbekistan, began to attract China's

attention due to the fact that it is located in a

geographically important area. At this point, this

opinion of the first President of the Republic of

Uzbekistan, Islam Abduganiyevich Karimov, can be the

proof of our words. "Strengthening cooperation with

brotherly countries at a high state level will allow the

republic to enter the world economic relations system

based on the principles of equal partnership and

mutual respect. First of all, our desire to establish

foreign relations with the countries of Asia and the

Pacific region is determined by the same" [2].

On January 2-3, 1992, during the visit of the Minister of

Foreign Economic Relations and Foreign Trade of the

People's Republic of China Li Lanzin to Uzbekistan,

diplomatic relations with Uzbekistan were established

on Tuesday and Wednesday in Tashkent and it was

agreed to open embassies [3] . On October 15, 1992, the

embassy of the PRC was opened in Tashkent [4].

On March 12-14, 1992, the first President of the Republic

of Uzbekistan Islam Abduganievich Karimov (1991-

2016) laid the foundation for cooperation between the


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two countries during his state visit to the PRC [5]. On

March 13, President I. Karimov met with the General

Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist

Party of China Jiang Xiamin and the head of the

government of the People's Republic of China Li Peng

[6]. Chairman of the People's Republic of China Li

Shankun (1988-1993) said at the ceremony of receiving

the delegation of Uzbekistan at the House of People's

Assembly: "The leaders of China and Uzbekistan can

solve many issues of bilateral relations. Because even

before that, good relations were established between

the two countries," he highly appreciated the

cooperation between the two countries [7].

During this meeting, about 20 important wide-ranging

contracts were signed in various fields [8]. Among

them, signed on March 13; Uzbekistan-China joint

information, Protocol between the Government of

Uzbekistan and the People's Republic of China on the

"Towards Solidarity", Agreement on the establishment

of the Uzbekistan-China Intergovernmental Company

on trade and economic cooperation Agreement

between the Government of the Republic of

Uzbekistan and the Government of the People's

Republic of China, on scientific and technical

cooperation between the Government of the Republic

of Uzbekistan and the Government of the People's

Republic of China, the Bank of China and the Bank of

Foreign Economic Activities of the Republic of

Uzbekistan consultation between the government of

the Republic of Uzbekistan and the government of the

People's Republic of China, between the Ministry of

Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Uzbekistan and the

Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the People's Republic of

China on the interbank agreement, promotion and

mutual protection of investments on cooperation

between the Ministry of Communications of the

Republic of Uzbekistan and the Ministry of

Communications of the PRC, negotiations between the

Civil Aviation Administration of the Republic of

Uzbekistan and the Civil Aviation Administration of the

PRC, the Government of the Republic of Uzbekistan

with the Government of the People's Republic of China

on cooperation in the field of road and sea transport,

protocol of negotiations between the Government of

the Republic of Uzbekistan and the Government of the

People's Republic of China on cooperation in the field

of railway and transport,

On a state loan for the delivery of goods from the PRC

to Uzbekistan, between the Government of the

Republic of Uzbekistan and the Government of the

PRC, on cooperation in the fields of culture, education,

health and sports Uzbekistan Agreement between the

Government of the Republic of Uzbekistan and the

Government of the People's Republic of China on

exchange of information and cooperation between the

National Information Agency of Uzbekistan and the

Agency of Uzbekistan and the State Information

Agency of the People's Republic of China Xinhua, the


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Republic of Uzbekistan Television and Radio Company

and the PRC Cinematography , there is a protocol

between the Ministry of Television and Radio

Broadcasting on matters in the field of television and

radio broadcasting. In addition, the Chinese side

provided Uzbekistan with a loan of 30 million yuan for

the purchase of food, i.e. grain [9]. This was a big step

towards the economic development of the countries

and the beginning of mutual cooperation.

On March 13, 1992, the signing of the "Agreement on

Promotion and Protection of Investments between the

Governments of the Republic of Uzbekistan and the

People's Republic of China" between the Government

of the Republic of Uzbekistan and the Government of

the People's Republic of China was of particular

importance. It is considered an event because this

transaction was one of the events that started the

entry of foreign investments into Uzbekistan. This

agreement consisted of 16 articles. It has a preamble,

Article 1 definition 4 paragraphs, Article 2 promotion

and protection of investments 2 paragraphs, Article 3

national remedies, Article 4 most important national

remedies 3 paragraphs, Article 5 fairs and fairness 4

paragraphs, Article 6 Expropriations, Clause 4, Article 7

Compensation for damages and losses Clause 2, Article

8 Transfers Clause 4, Article 9 subrogation, Article 10

Waiver of Benefits Article 2, Article 11 Settlement of

Disputes Between Contracting Parties Article 7, Article

12 Settlement of Disputes Between Investors and One

Contracting Party Article 10, Article 13 Other

Obligations 3 paragraph, Article 14 annex 2 paragraph,

Article 15 consultation paragraph 2, Article 16 comment

paragraph 2, Article 17 amendment, Article 18 entry into

force, term and termination of the contract 3

paragraph. According to part 3 of Article 18 of the

agreement, the part of the agreement from Article 1 to

Article 16 should be valid for 10 years from the time of

signing the agreement [10]. Li Yuqing, Minister of

Foreign Economic Affairs, Deputy Prime Minister,

Minister of Communications and Trade, and Rahim

Rajabov, Deputy Prime Minister of Uzbekistan, signed

it [11].

On April 19, 2011, the agreement "On the promotion

and protection of investments" was signed in Beijing,

and this agreement is based on the Decree of the

President of the Republic of Uzbekistan dated July 18,

2011 No. PQ-1580 "On the approval of international

agreements On the basis of the decision of "On", the

agreement of 1992 will be canceled as a result of the

agreement coming into force on December 30, 2011

[12].

In 1992, the volume of trade between Uzbekistan and

China was only 47.52 million dollars. However, as a

result of the strengthening of relations between the

parties, taking into account the reliable growth of the

volume of mutual trade in the future, the volume of

mutual trade in 2016 was 3.6 billion dollars. In 25 years,

the volume of trade increased by 76 times [13]. Boron


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has increased 140 times in just 30 years, and in 2021 this

figure was 7.4 billion dollars [14]. The basis of such a

great result and great growth was the result of

reasonable steps taken by the parties during this

historical period.

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Sun Zhuangzhi. The relationship between China

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Vol.1. Russia and its Neighbors in Crisis.

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Slavic Research Center, 2007. P.49.

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Karimov I.A. O‘zbekiston buyuk kelajak sari. –

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O‘zbekiston, 1998. –

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Shamsutdinov R., Mo‘minov X. O‘zbekiston tarixi.

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nashriyoti. 2001.

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0

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8000

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SJIF

I

MPACT

FACTOR

(2021:

5.

993

)

(2022:

6.

015

)

(2023:

7.

164

)

OCLC

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8.

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Мўминов X. Ра

қ

амли

тарих

[

Матн

):

дарслик

/ X.

Мўминов.

-

Тошкент: «Nurafshon business», 2022.

References

Sun Zhuangzhi. The relationship between China and Central Asia // Eager Eyes Fixed on Eurasia: Vol.1. Russia and its Neighbors in Crisis. – Sapporo: Slavic Research Center, 2007. P.49.

Karimov I.A. O‘zbekiston buyuk kelajak sari. –T.: O‘zbekiston, 1998. –B 30

Shamsutdinov R., Mo‘minov X. O‘zbekiston tarixi. O‘quv qo‘llanma. –T.: Sharq, 2013. –B 651.

Xalq so‘zi (gazetasi). 1992-yil 16-oktyabr.

Tyurikov V., Shog‘ulomov R. Istiqlol yilnomasi. –T.: G‘ofur G‘ulom nomidagi Adabiyot va san’at nashriyoti. 2001. –B 514.

O‘zbekiston ovozi (gazetasi). 1992-yil 14-mart.

Lafasov M. Jahon tarixi (1918-2008). Akademik litseylar va kasb-hunar kollejlari uchun darslik. –T.: Turon-Iqbol. 2010. –B 244.

Usmonov Q., Sodiqov M., Burxonova S. O‘zbekiston tarixi. Oliy o ‘quv yurtlari barcha bakalavr yo ‘nalishi uchun (tarix yo ‘nalishidan tashqari) darslik. –T.: Iqtisod-moliya. 2006. –B 484.

Коммерсантъ. URL: https://www.kommersant.ru/doc/93467

UNCTAD Investment Policy Hub. China Uzbekistan BIT 1992 En. URL: https://investmentpolicy.unctad.org/international-investment-agreements/treaty-files/3357/download

Shamsutdinov R., Mo‘minov H. O‘zbekiston tarixi: O‘quv qo‘llanma. Toshkent: Fan, 2020.

Мўминов X. Рақамли тарих [Матн): дарслик / X. Мўминов. - Тошкент: «Nurafshon business», 2022.