Volume 03 Issue 09-2023
68
American Journal Of Social Sciences And Humanity Research
(ISSN
–
2771-2141)
VOLUME
03
ISSUE
09
P
AGES
:
68-73
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
993
)
(2022:
6.
015
)
(2023:
7.
164
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
ABSTRACT
A large family is a family with three or more children, including adopted children under the age of eighteen. The types
of large families are families in which the parents consciously decided to have many children, families in which the
parents did not seek to have many children, families that have many children as a result of the formation of two single-
parent families and families with many children as a result of disadvantage.
KEYWORDS
Extended family, relationship, types of family, children, family dynamics.
INTRODUCTION
The study of family relations is very difficult, as it is an
area of purely personal and intimate life of a person. It
is also worth noting that intra-family relations are not
reduced only to the relationship of spouses. At
different stages of its development, the family
performs different functions, so the consideration of
the study of interpersonal relations in the family
acquires a complex character.
At present, a family with many children is a family with
three or more children (including adopted children,
stepchildren and stepdaughters) under the age of
eighteen. According to E.F.Achildieva's classification,
the following types of large families are distinguished:
Research Article
METHODOLOGICAL ISSUES OF STUDYING THE PHENOMENON OF
EXTENDED FAMILIES IN PSYCHOLOGY
Submission Date:
September 18, 2023,
Accepted Date:
September 23, 2023,
Published Date:
September 28, 2023
Crossref doi:
https://doi.org/10.37547/ajsshr/Volume03Issue09-11
Yangiboyeva Dildorakhon Rakhmon Qizi
Teacher Of The Department Of “Pedagogy And Psychology” Of The Innovative And Socio
-Economic University,
Uzbekistan
Journal
Website:
https://theusajournals.
com/index.php/ajsshr
Copyright:
Original
content from this work
may be used under the
terms of the creative
commons
attributes
4.0 licence.
Volume 03 Issue 09-2023
69
American Journal Of Social Sciences And Humanity Research
(ISSN
–
2771-2141)
VOLUME
03
ISSUE
09
P
AGES
:
68-73
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
993
)
(2022:
6.
015
)
(2023:
7.
164
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
•
Families in which parents love their children
and consciously wanted to have them. In these
families the child acts as one of life values, and
parents do everything in their power to make
life better for their children.
•
Families in which the parents did not
consciously want to have many children. Third
and subsequent children may have appeared in
them mainly due to lack of family planning.
Such families may be formed as a result of
twins or triplets, fear of termination of
pregnancy, medical prohibition of abortion due
to the mother's health, refusal of abortion and
contraception due to religious beliefs.
•
Families formed as a result of the merger of
two single-parent families, each of which
already had children.
•
Families in which the birth of a large number of
children can be considered a manifestation of
disadvantage. Family dynamics is one of the
important
parameters
determining
the
characteristics of the family, as the stage of
family development, the period of life activity
as a social group directly affects the functions
and structure of the family, thus creating a
unique image of each family.
The large family form of existence is defined by the
number of children from 5 and more. A large family is a
special kind of family with its own specific features and
characteristics. A family with a large number of
children is characterized by great cohesion of spouses,
divorces in such families are quite rare and occur
mainly due to the failure of husbands in bringing up
children and failure to fulfill other family and
household responsibilities.
According to the studies of E.G. Eidemiller, V.V.
Yustitskis, G.I. Osadcha, A.I. Antonov, T.V. Andreeva,
N.V. Aleksandrova, S.V. Kovalev, A.N. Obozova, V.M.
Medkov, F.O. Semenova, etc. the problem of a large
family is multifaceted and reflects often ambivalent
assessments. Positively assessing large families,
researchers point to the progressiveness of this
phenomenon, its importance not only for simple
population reproduction and stabilization of fertility in
the country, but also its advantages and positive
aspects for children's socialization [9]. One of the
definitions of the family is Murdock's (1949), "The
family is a social group characterized by common
residence, economic cooperation, and reproduction. It
includes adults of both sexes, at least two of whom
maintain a socially approved sexual relationship, and
one or more children, own or adopted, of the sexually
cohabiting adults". Extended families consist of several
generations of people and can include biological
parents and their children as well as in-laws,
grandparents, aunts, uncles, and cousins. Extended
families are typical of collective cultures where all
Volume 03 Issue 09-2023
70
American Journal Of Social Sciences And Humanity Research
(ISSN
–
2771-2141)
VOLUME
03
ISSUE
09
P
AGES
:
68-73
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
993
)
(2022:
6.
015
)
(2023:
7.
164
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
family members are interdependent and share family
responsibilities including childrearing roles [8].
Extended family members usually live in the same
residence where they pool resources and undertake
familial responsibilities. Multigenerational bonds and
greater resources increase the extended family's
resiliency and ability to provide for the children's
needs, yet several risk factors associated with
extended families can decrease their well-being. Such
risk factors include complex relationships, conflicting
loyalties, and generational conflict [7].
Complex
intergenerational
relationships
can
complicate the child
–
parent relationship as they can
cause confusion regarding the identity of the primary
parent. Such confusion can result in a child
undermining the authority of her existing parent
(Anderson, 2012) and feeling uncertain about her
environment [6].
Extended families often value the wider kin group
more than individual relationships, which can lead to
loyalty issues within the family and also cause
difficulties in a couple's relationship where a close
relationship between a husband and wife may be seen
as a threat to the wider kin group. Another factor that
can add to the complexity of relationships in an
extended family is the need to negotiate the
expectations and needs of each family member.
Complex extended family relationships can also
detract from the parent
–
child relationship.The
literature points to various protective factors
associated with extended families that can help the
parents and family meet the children's various needs.
Extended families usually have more resources at their
disposal that can be used to ensure the well-being of
the children. Also, when the family functions as a
collaborative team, has strong kinship bonds, is flexible
in its roles, and relies on cultural values to sustain the
family, the family itself serves as a lifelong buffer
against stressful transitions [5].
Kinship care as a cultural value in extended families is
associated with positive child outcomes, yet this may
not be the case when such families have to take
responsibility for a child because his parents are unable
to do so. In such cases, kinship care becomes similar to
foster care. Situations like the latter usually arise from
substance abuse, incarceration, abuse, homelessness,
family violence, illness, death, or military deployment
[4].
Although children in kinship care often fare better than
children in foster care, various risk factors can have a
negative impact on the children's well-being. Risk
factors include low socioeconomic status, inability to
meet children's needs properly, unhealthy family
dynamics, older kin, less-educated kin, and single kin
[1].
Volume 03 Issue 09-2023
71
American Journal Of Social Sciences And Humanity Research
(ISSN
–
2771-2141)
VOLUME
03
ISSUE
09
P
AGES
:
68-73
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
993
)
(2022:
6.
015
)
(2023:
7.
164
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
Kinship care as foster care is often characterized by
complex relationships and the trauma caused by the
loss of an able parent. The family member who
assumes the role as parent often finds it difficult to
balance his former relationship with his new role as the
person responsible for the child's well-being. For
instance, a grandmother may have to adapt to the idea
of being a strict parent instead of a loving, indulgent
grandmother [3].
The extended family member who steps into the
parenting role is often overwhelmed by the stress
caused by new parental responsibilities, attachment
difficulties, and possible feelings of resentment and
anger toward the biological parent, as well as having to
deal with traumatic transitions after the loss of an able
parent. The relationship between the new parent and
other family members may also experience strain due
to loyalty issues. Besides complex relationships,
changes in the child's environment call for new
routines, the setting of new limits, and sometimes
coparenting with the biological parent, all of which can
contribute to a less stable environment [2]
An extended family member who takes on kinship care
faces many challenges, although positive experiences
associated with such care can also serve as a protective
factor buffering the child against the negative effect of
traumatic transitions. The new parent may find this
transition meaningful in the sense that it adds purpose
to her life, and the child may also experience a sense of
security, consistency, continuity in family identity,
emotional ties, and familiarity.
The structure of interpersonal relations of the family is
one of the basic concepts of interpersonal relations,
and according to M.S. Matskovsky represents "the
entire set of relations between its members, including,
in addition to kinship relations, the system of spiritual
and moral relations, including relations of power,
authority, etc.". Based on this definition, family
structure includes such components as numerical,
generational and kinship composition (number of
family members, number of generations, presence of
marital, parental and kinship relations), as well as
power structure and role structure.
V.N. Druzhinin believes that in the norm there is a
certain basic structure of relations in the family, "which
does not allow human passions to flare up and, at the
same
time,
provides
family
members
with
opportunities to realize themselves in the family". And
these basic relations realized in the family are: power,
responsibility, emotional closeness. On the other hand,
studies show that the character of role and emotional
relationships in the family is also influenced by personal
subjective features of the individual. Personality
characteristics that determine the nature of
interpersonal relationships include: gender, age,
nationality, temperament, health, self-esteem and
other characteristics. The study of family relationships
Volume 03 Issue 09-2023
72
American Journal Of Social Sciences And Humanity Research
(ISSN
–
2771-2141)
VOLUME
03
ISSUE
09
P
AGES
:
68-73
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
993
)
(2022:
6.
015
)
(2023:
7.
164
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
is very difficult, as it is an area of purely personal and
intimate life of a person.
Extended families composed of grandparents, aunts,
and uncles can be protective of children, given a
nonabusive ideology. If there is an abusive ideology,
however, the extended family can pose as much a risk
as a buffer to children. Simple generalizations,
therefore, about features of family structure and their
role in child maltreatment cannot be made.
There are widespread beliefs that the presence of
grandparents is a buffer for children, and probably
inhibits abuse. However, research findings on the
support provided by grandparents to young children
are mixed. In one study of African-American extended
families children within single or divorced mother-
headed households, however, did show signs of better
adjustment when a grandmother lived with them.
However, this effect did not seem due to the
grandmo
ther’s parenting skills or direct care to the
child, but to the support these grandmothers provided
their daughters. The daughters, therefore, became
more effective and less stressed during their own
parenting tasks, and the children subsequently
benefited. In the United States, therefore, the nuclear
family relationships remain the most critical for the
children’s health and outcome. When single mothers
are nested in supportive extended family contexts, the
children benefit from the direct aid offered to the
mother.
There have been some studies on what kinds of skills
promote nonviolent and nurturant parenting. For
example, researchers in child development found that
mothers who are able to develop higher levels of
attunement or synchrony when interacting with
toddlers, and who are able to establish a mutual focus
with the child on some activity or thought, have
children who are more compliant and happier than
mothers who are less attuned, so to speak, to their
young children. Flowing with the child rather than
against her or him seems to be the best policy for
socializing cooperativeness and stability. Finally, the
quality of the relationship between parents has a
profound impact on children’s coping and mental
health.
Once again, the indicators of nonviolent parenting
seem to be more lodged within parenting beliefs than
in the structure of the family. Coercive parenting
engenders aggression in children, either through
modeling parental aggression or through the
development of an internal mental script or ‘wo
rking
model’ of antagonistic interpersonal relationships.
Although there have been few direct studies to date, it
appears that parents who espouse a ‘partnership
model’ with each other are more likely to raise children
to do the same, and to develop mutual respect for
boundaries, opinions, and interests that will benefit
the child, as well as the parents. The ‘dominator
model’, or the traditional patriarchal family, is a
Volume 03 Issue 09-2023
73
American Journal Of Social Sciences And Humanity Research
(ISSN
–
2771-2141)
VOLUME
03
ISSUE
09
P
AGES
:
68-73
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
993
)
(2022:
6.
015
)
(2023:
7.
164
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
problematic environment for successful child rearing,
and can diminish children’s own s
elf-esteem and ability
to forge intimate relationships.
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