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THE IMPORTANCE OF EDUCATIONAL STEREOTYPES IN
EDUCATIONAL REFORMS AT A NEW STAGE OF SOCIETY'S
DEVELOPMENT
Shakhnoza Qodirovna Okhunova
Independent Researcher at Fergana State University
ORCID ID: 0009-0002-5760-2021
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15151874
Abstract:
The article studies the theoretical and methodological
foundations of the formation of an enlightened society in New Uzbekistan, the
socio-philosophical aspects of the formation of an enlightened society in New
Uzbekistan, the future tasks of the formation of enlightenment as a high moral
value in New Uzbekistan. Also, the synergistic strategy of the formation of an
enlightened society in New Uzbekistan is analyzed.
Key words:
enlightened society, social laws, enlightenment, moral value,
socio-philosophical analysis, synergistic strategy, dialectic, social development,
enlightened reforms, stereotype, innovation mechanism.
Introduction.
The transformation of education is an extremely complex
process, and it is appropriate to develop the national characteristics of education
within the framework of its universal principles. In this sense, the inclusivity in
national education opens promising paths for democratic education. The global
community, including the government of Uzbekistan, is fighting against the
commercialization and "monetization" of education. However, with the
introduction of market economic laws, the education process has entered, and
contract-based education has become a distinct value. The education system's
focus on individual achievements, such as a student's international grant
opportunities, or the successful performance of an entire institution's students,
reflects the shift toward making science and education the most prestigious
capital. The development of highly skilled personnel, the formation of morally
and ethically sound engineers, and the just regulation of the science sector, as
well as the recognition of the negative impact of "privilege policies" on education
quality and efficiency, must be acknowledged.
Literature Review and Methods.
The issues related to the development of
literacy in society have been actively studied in both historical and
contemporary scientific literature by foreign authors. Specifically, in individual
countries, innovations in education’s role in social development, the
organizational structure of regional education, the transformation of knowledge,
the role of higher education in development, and principles for improving its
quality, as well as the adoption of common programs and cooperation in the
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European education system, can be grouped as research topics. In Uzbekistan,
the philosophical aspects of social development, the liberalization of the
education system, and the impact of economic or legal consciousness on
development have been studied by philosophers, political scientists, economists,
and sociologists.
Results and Discussion.
The priorities of Uzbekistan's Development
Strategy aim to establish a creative environment for national development by
training a generation of creative and innovative youth through professional
education. The practical realization of this task requires the education sector to
prepare competitive personnel by utilizing the experiences and achievements of
developed countries in the field of education and training. Social development is
a dialectically interconnected process of change, growth, and improvement. In
the experience of developed countries, these processes have led to positive
outcomes, ensuring economic growth. In Uzbekistan's progress in education, the
first steps are related to transforming the society’s approach to education and its
financing, thereby increasing the effectiveness of scientific research. For this
reason, President’s schools, creative, and specialized schools were established to
ensure Uzbekistan's youth strive towards high goals, with the first graduates
winning international competitions. Based on global education standards, the
establishment of competitions such as "Followers of Beruni," "Heirs of Mirzo
Ulugbek," and "Descendants of Alisher Navoi" will further inspire the new
generation. As a result, the concept of “education from cradle to grave” will open
the way for youth development and societal progress. At the same time, the
development of education and the creation of an environment for effective
knowledge transfer demand the transition to higher quality training stages,
emphasizing universal educational values.
In Uzbekistan, the establishment of a modern continuous professional
education system defines the goals and objectives of three categories of
educational institutions. Based on existing legislation, the education system, its
types, and forms have been approved. Regarding this, we agree with the
researcher A. Melibayev's opinion that the preparation of middle-level
personnel remains a priority issue in our country. He suggests introducing
advanced practices from foreign European experiences into the transformation
of Uzbekistan’s professional education system based on scientific approaches.
The Educational Process
is recognized as a process of system self-
preservation and reproduction. It is a process where a system transitions to
another metasytem or changes its internal structure. Transformation processes
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are also applied in the context of social life, referring to the adaptation of
existing reality to new requirements when transitioning from one phase of
society to another. In this sense, the periodical negative character of social
development represents society’s unilateral shift towards new great goals and
ideas, having abandoned political-ideological interests. During the process of
social transformation, the intensification and sharpness of social contradictions
are natural. This process combines both destructive and constructive
possibilities, requiring creativity and constructive directions. The dedication of
national leaders ensures the progressive development of society, either in its
entirety or in specific areas, through the process of constructive transformation.
The essence of social transformation is that qualitative changes occur
within society. It is a transition from one type of social system to another with a
distinct social quality. According to the cybernetic revolution approach, social
transformation is a change in the structure of the system within social
consciousness. In this case, the system’s elements (such as people, machines,
and others) remain unchanged, but their relationships, methods, and levels of
interaction alter.
The relationship between education and social development, as well as the
adequacy of the Western model to the national education system, is a scientific
and methodological problem that requires pedagogical expertise. The problem
of foreign and local technologies has been widely debated within the scientific
community. For this reason, in discussing foreign experience, we find it
appropriate to consider the views of S. Olim regarding the creation of a "perfect
system by engineers" as a foundation for organizing higher education in
Uzbekistan according to world standards. Furthermore, we cannot disregard the
necessity of "spreading technological, organizational, administrative, and legal
relations across various fields of activity, and establishing interconnections
through modern communication networks and new information technologies,"
as noted by scientists involved in global development processes.
Political scientist Muqimjon Qirg‘izboyev emphasizes that despite human
progress being fueled by the scientific and technical revolution, the need for
education remains. He states that "...if the achievements of civilization are
converted into national enlightenment, that is, into the product of education, we
will understand that our country has achieved a strong educational environment
that contributes to global enlightenment." This approach, being political in
nature, leads us to advocate for studying the experiences of developed countries,
adopting relevant aspects to align with our national characteristics, and actively
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incorporating the experiences of economically advanced countries into our
practices.
Additionally, based on the principles of education in Japan and Germany,
the coverage of preschool education for children reached 34% in 2018, 44% in
2019, and 60% in 2020, which is a positive development. By 2021, the goal was
to increase preschool education coverage to 65%, and by 2023, the figure
exceeded 75%. In our view, the organization of general secondary education
according to modern requirements is crucial for the comprehensive growth and
development of youth. The process of educational transformation can be
observed in two main directions:
The Creation of Conditions for the Viability of Private Education
Systems in Higher and Secondary Special Education:
In Uzbekistan, conditions are being created to ensure the viability of private
education systems in higher and secondary special education. One of the key
aspects is the investment of leading foreign experts in the education system and
ensuring the protection of their civil rights. In this regard, the government of the
Republic of Uzbekistan is focusing on modernizing the national education
system through innovative approaches, with the "Presidential Schools" being a
key point in the process, aimed at improving the quality and effectiveness of
education.
Reforms in Higher Education:
Reforms in higher education are being carried out intensively in the present
time. The primary goal of continuous education is to establish a systematic
approach to training strong, competitive personnel. In this context, higher
education is considered the main, result-oriented component of continuous
education. Therefore, the reform and development of higher education, along
with the preparation of skilled personnel, and the creation of a new system of
education, have become a priority. Efforts are being made to expand the
coverage of higher education graduates, create healthy competition, and ensure
equal opportunities.
Modernization of the Education System:
Due to the strategic direction of the modernization of higher and secondary
specialized education in Uzbekistan, more than 127 scientific institutions are
operating in the country, with 26 foreign universities also establishing their
operations. As a result of these reforms, joint institutes and contractual
educational programs with internationally recognized foreign universities have
been introduced in the country.
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Achievements in Education:
As a result of reforms in 2019-2020, the level of graduates' participation in
higher education increased by 25%. However, the data shows that the current
figures do not match the potential opportunities. As a result of the development
of the digital economy, the quality indicators of education saw a 15% increase.
Developed countries currently have an educational system where the rate of
higher education participation reaches 60-70%, shaping the new generation of
professionals. Additionally, the reform of higher education management, the
abandonment of traditional bureaucratic practices, and the increase of private
educational institutions have been implemented, aiming to strengthen the
professional reputation of universities and attract highly skilled professionals to
the system.
The Role of Education in Social Development:
The connection between social development and the educational process
lies in the ability of education to broaden an individual's worldview and enhance
their intellectual capacity. Education not only leads people towards knowledge
but also helps them realize that knowledge is a vital component of human
spirituality. While not all highly educated individuals may contribute directly to
societal progress, a well-educated, enlightened citizen is less likely to engage in
socially dangerous behavior. Additionally, they are more likely to contribute to
the intellectual welfare of their family and society.
In this regard, the Greek philosopher Aristotle described, "Man is naturally
thirsty for knowledge. How this thirst is quenched—whether by counting the
spots on the ceiling or by discovering the fundamental laws of the universe—is
what determines human achievement. Rational curiosity and addiction to
knowledge are the lifeblood of human progress."
CONCLUSION.
The goal of the education transformation in Uzbekistan is
not only to develop the education system but also to foster young people’s desire
and need for knowledge, allowing them to recognize its practical benefits. This
process shapes the prestige and image of educated individuals. As the
enlightened members of society have long asserted, "Knowledge and action are
essential. One must study. Why is it that in other nations there is not even one
illiterate, while in ours there is an abundance of illiteracy? In other nations,
children attend schools, yet here they are in poverty and ignorance. In other
nations, the scholars are revered, while here, the scholars are subordinate to the
masses. The end result of this is destruction... A nation rooted in Islam,
knowledge, and morality will survive through virtues, excellence, and
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craftsmanship." This truth remains valid to this day. Therefore, by creating
appropriate conditions for education, national development will be achieved.
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