ЖУРНАЛ КАРДИОРЕСПИРАТОРНЫХ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЙ | JOURNAL OF CARDIORESPIRATORY RESEARCH
№SI-1 | 2020
74
Khudoyarova D.R.,
Kobilova Z.A.,
Shopulotov Sh.A.
Samarkand State Medical Institute
INFLUENCE OF CORONAVIRUS INFECTION ON CHILDREN AND THEIR MOMS
For citation:
Khudoyarova D.R., Kobilova Z.A., Shopulotov Sh.A. INFLUENCE OF CORONAVIRUS INFECTION ON CHILDREN AND
THEIR MOMS. Journal of cardiorespiratory research. 2020, Special Issue 1, pp.74-75
http://dx.doi.org/10.26739/2181-0974-2020-SI-1-25
Relevance.
The coronavirus epidemic is one of the most
discussed and relevant topics to date. Much remains to be studied and
developed methods of prevention and treatment. We analyze the data
of detected cases of coronavirus infection in pregnant women in
Uzbekistan and abroad, studied the course and outcomes of
pregnancy.
Objectives
. To analyze the course of coronavirus infection
in pregnant women, to study the available data of pregnant women
with COVID-19 in Uzbekistan and abroad.
Materials and methods.
The research materials were the
statistics of official sites on coronavirus infection of the Republic of
Uzbekistan and abroad. Data studied by a retrospective method
.
Results
. The first cases of pregnant coronavirus infection were
in Wuhan Union Hospital, in four patients. At the time of admission
to the hospital, women showed signs of COVID-19: fever (75%),
cough, muscle pain, and weakness. All of them had an increase in the
level of C-reactive protein and a decrease in the number of
lymphocytes (<1.1 × 109 / liter). In 25% of cases, fetal slowdown was
detected. In 75% of patients, a cesarean section was performed, and
only in 25% of the children was born through the birth canal. All
children were born on time (37–39 weeks) and weighed more than
3000 grams. Due to the illness of the mothers, all the children were
immediately isolated and transferred to artificial feeding. All of them
had high scores (7–9) on the Apgar scale at 1 and 5 minutes after
birth. Two newborns were absolutely healthy. Two others had a rash
of unknown origin, but it went away without treatment in a few days.
One child had rapid shallow breathing, but after three days on the
ventilator, breathing returned to normal. Samples for the detection of
coronavirus in children were taken from the nasopharynx three days
after birth. All turned out to be negative. Fever, cough, diarrhea in
newborns were not observed. At discharge, neither the mother nor the
children showed signs of infection. Based on the totality of these data,
specialists decided that the transmission of COVID-19 from pregnant
women to children is unlikely: it may not occur at all. In children,
COVID-19 is rarely severe. A report was later compiled by Chinese
experts on 147 pregnant women affected by coronavirus. Only 8%
had severe symptoms, and only 1% was in critical condition. Most
women had mild to moderate symptoms. One required mechanical
ventilation and emergency Caesarean section. The operation was
successful, the woman recovered. Also, amniotic fluid, umbilical cord
blood, and breast milk were examined in 9 women in labor with
COVID-19. In the analyzes, no coronavirus was observed, the
newborns were also healthy.
Scientists from Guangzhou Medical University have found that
children with coronavirus infection may not have a fever and cough,
but SARS-CoV-2 RNA is detected in the feces long after infection.
Specialists at the British Royal College of Obstetricians and
Gynecologists said that coronovirus does not pose a serious threat to
pregnant women, but high fever and intoxication syndrome in the
early stages of pregnancy led to congenital malformations, and
infection itself increased the risk of miscarriages and stillbirths.
Coronavirus infected 2561 pregnant women in the Russian
Federation, 816 of them are in Moscow, according to the chief
specialist in obstetrics and gynecology of the Ministry of Health
Leyla Adamyan. In the first cases, childbirth in patients was
performed by cesarean section. Newborns were isolated from infected
mothers until their full recovery, since in children under 1 year of age
immunity has not yet been formed. COVID-19 was not found in the
fetal fluid and in breast milk, however, milk was expressed in an
infected mother. The study involved 54 pregnant women in Moscow,
at different times. Of these, 11 gave birth and 43 were in a state of
pregnancy. None of the pregnant women, as having given birth, was
on either mechanical ventilation or any other support. That is,
predominantly coronavirus infection was mild. The infection was
more dangerous in the second and third trimester, taking into account
the loads on different div systems. According to the pediatrician
Tatyana Butskaya, a virus transferred in the first trimester can affect
the growth of the fetus, in the second - slow down the development
of the baby, in the third - cause premature birth "with all the attendant
complications," including prematurity. It was noted that a severe
course of coronavirus infection in a pregnant woman is caused by
respiratory failure. The ministry also recommended that
echocardiography be done to pregnant women, women in childbirth
and women in labor if they have respiratory failure, as they often
develop peripheral cardiomyopathy. According to the ministry,
complications in pregnant women include premature birth (39%),
fetal growth retardation (10%) and miscarriage (2%). The department
noted that in a group of 15 pregnant women with infection and
pneumonia, the frequency of cesarean section increased due to the
fact that the child developed distress syndrome.
ЖУРНАЛ КАРДИОРЕСПИРАТОРНЫХ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЙ | JOURNAL OF CARDIORESPIRATORY RESEARCH
№SI-1 | 2020
75
During the pandemic in Belarus, 62 children were born to
women infected with coronavirus during pregnancy, including two
twins. The specialist emphasized: all newborns are healthy.
Coronavirus was detected in 3.6 thousand children in Belarus, 95%
of children transmit the infection in an almost asymptomatic form.
However, there are cases in which patients are in a moderate
condition. As a rule, these are children with concomitant pathology,
with onco-hematological diseases and with obesity.
According to the Ministry of Health of the Republic of
Uzbekistan, since the announcement of quarantine to prevent the
spread of coronavirus infection, 1961 pregnant women have been
quarantined. Emergency medical care was provided to 338 pregnant
women under quarantine control and in need of medical care. Over
the past period, coronavirus infection was detected on the ground in
30 pregnant women. It is noteworthy that currently 22 pregnant
women with coronavirus have fully recovered. The remaining 8
undergo effective treatment. Delivery through the natural pathways
was observed in a patient with coronavirus, who was admitted to
maternity hospital No. 3 in Tashkent, and the child did not have an
infection.
Conclusions.
According to the data, it can be said that
transmission of the virus from mother to child is not observed. More
often, the disease proceeds in a mild to moderate form. Complications
develop in a severe form of the disease, with respiratory failure.
Children become infected with the virus only after birth, through
contact with patients or from the environment. Measures taken by
states show the effectiveness of preventive measures.
