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IJTIMOIY FANLAR
LINGUOCULTURAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE CONCEPT OF
“YOLG‘IZLIK (LONELINESS)” AND “HIJRON (PARTING)” IN ENGLISH
AND UZBEK
SOBIRJONOVA MUKHLISA SOBIRJONOVNA
Denau Institute of Entrepreneurship and Pedagogy
The teacher of the department of foreign language
and literature for higher courses
Email:
https://orcid.org/0009-0001-2468-9215
Keywords:
loneliness,
parting,
linguoculturology,
culture, metaphor,
love, longing,
individuality.
Abstract:
This article explores the linguistic and cultural
characteristics of the concepts of “loneliness” (yolg‘izlik) and
“parting” (hijron) in both English and Uzbek languages. It
delves into how these emotional states are articulated within
each culture and their connection to cultural heritage. In
Uzbek, the term “hijron” (parting) is deeply linked to notions
of love, yearning, and separation, reflecting the emotional
depth of these experiences. In contrast, English concepts of
“loneliness” and “parting” (yolg‘izlik va hijron) are often
more associated with social isolation and individualism. These
differences highlight how language shapes the perception of
these emotions in different societies. The article further
examines these concepts through the lens of metaphor theory,
showing how metaphorical expressions in each language
reveal underlying cultural values and beliefs. Through this
analysis, it becomes clear that language and culture are
intricately connected in shaping emotional experiences.
ЛИНГВОКУЛЬТУРНЫЕ ОСОБЕННОСТИ ЧАСТЕЙ «ОДИНОЧЕСТВО»
И «ХИДЖРОН» В АНГЛИЙСКОМ И УЗБЕКСКОМ ЯЗЫКАХ
Ключевые слова:
одиночество,
эмиграция,
языковая
культура,
культура,
Аннотaция:
В
данной
статье
анализируются
лингвокультурные особенности концептов «одиночество»
и «миграция» в английском и узбекском языках.
Изучается, как эти эмоциональные состояния проявляются
в обеих культурах и их связь с культурным наследием. В
узбекском языке «хиджрон» часто ассоциируется с
любовью и тоской, а в английском понятия «одиночество»
TADBIRKORLIK VA PEDAGOGIKA. ILMIY-USLUBIY JURNAL. ISSN: 2181-2659. [3/2024].
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метафора,
любовь, тоска,
индивидуальность.
и «хиджрон» связаны с социальной разобщенностью и
индивидуальностью. На основе теории метафоры в статье
объясняется, какой смысл эти понятия имеют в контексте
языка и культуры.
INGLIZ VA O‘ZBEK TILLARIDA “YOLG‘IZLIK” VA “HIJRON”
TUSHUNCHALARINING LINGVOKULTUROLOGIK XUSUSIYATLARI
Kalit so‘zlar:
yolg‘izlik, hijron,
lingvokulturologiya,
madaniyat,
metafora, sevgi,
sog‘inch,
individuallik.
Annotatsiya:
Ushbu maqolada ingliz va o‘zbek tillaridagi
“yolg‘izlik” va “hijron” tushunchalarining lingvokulturologik
xususiyatlari tahlil qilinadi. Bu hissiy holatlar har ikki
madaniyatda qanday namoyon bo‘lishi va ularning madaniy
meros bilan bog‘liqligi o‘rganiladi. O‘zbek tilida “hijron”
ko‘pincha muhabbat va sog‘inch bilan bog‘langan bo‘lsa,
ingliz tilida “yolg‘izlik” va “hijron” tushunchalari ijtimoiy
ayrilish va individuallik bilan bog‘liq. Maqolada metafora
nazariyasiga asoslanib, til va madaniyat kontekstida ushbu
tushunchalar qanday ma’noga ega ekanligi tushuntiriladi.
INTRODUCTION
Feelings such as loneliness and migration are an integral part of human life, and
their image is manifested in different cultures, languages, and historical periods in a
unique way. These feelings are considered important factors in human psychology and
social life, and the forms of understanding and expression of them are reflected in the
culture, literature, art, and language of each nation. For example, the concept of
“loneliness” (yolg‘izlik) is distinct in various nations due to its common and unique
characteristics. In the Uzbek and English languages, these concepts have different
semantic loads, and their linguistic and cultural analysis serves to reveal the cultural
values, worldview, and emotional attitude of the people.
According to D.U. Ashurova and M.R. Galieva “Linguistics is a science that
studies the interaction between language and culture. The term “cultural linguistics”
clearly indicates the interrelation between two fields—linguistic and cultural studies”
[1]. It is also a branch of cognitive linguistic and cultural studies, studying the
expression of the people’s culture that has been captured and entrenched in the
language.
Within the framework of this science, by analyzing the linguistic and cultural
characteristics of concepts in different languages, we can better understand the national
characteristics, cultural views, and philosophy of life of the people. Each language has
its own expression of an emotion or concept that is directly related to the historical,
social, religious, and philosophical views of that nation. For example, in English there
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is a difference between the concepts of “loneliness” and “parting” (yolg‘izlik va hijron).
One can mean social isolation, and the other can mean positive freedom. In the Uzbek
language, “yolg‘izlik” (loneliness) is often associated with a negative meaning, and
“hijron” (parting) is emotionally associated with deep suffering and longing.
According to an article by S.B. Hafizov, linguistic manipulation, in our
understanding, is a situationally significant transformation of semantically effective
linguistic means chosen consciously and purposefully. This definition shows that not
all spheres of human activity, but some of them actively use language manipulation due
to their position in society [2].
This article analyzes the linguistic and cultural characteristics of the concepts of
“loneliness” (yolg‘izlik) and “parting” (hijron) in the Uzbek and English languages, as
well as their cultural significance and semantic differences. The research will highlight
the meanings and associations these concepts have in each language, how they are
expressed through language, as well as their role in national culture. Through this,
intercultural differences and similarities are also revealed, and national identities are
explored through the semantic load of language.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
In this study, language units from English and Uzbek works of art, folk proverbs,
and examples of modern poetry were selected as the primary material. The goal was to
examine how the concepts of “loneliness” (yolg‘izlik) and “parting” (hijron) are
reflected in both languages. As such works emdiv the national identities and cultural
values of the people, they served as a rich source for research.
Linguistic and cultural analysis methods were extensively used in the research.
Through linguistic analysis, the dictionary meanings of the concepts of “loneliness”
(yolg‘izlik) and “parting” (hijron) in both languages were determined, along with their
connotative (secondary) meanings and semantic nuances. This analysis also explored
how national culture and values are embedded in the language. In this process, the
lexical, morphological, and syntactic features of both languages were taken into
account.
Linguocultural studies examine language as a cultural phenomenon. This is a
certain vision of the world through the prism of a national language, when language
acts as an expression of a special national mentality. All linguistics is permeated with
cultural and historical content because its subject is language, which is a condition,
basis, and product of culture [3].
The method of cultural analysis helped to study the importance of these concepts
in the historical, social, and religious lives of the people. Through this analysis, the
cultural foundations of the concepts of “loneliness” (yolg‘izlik) and “parting” (hijron)
and how they are reflected in folk art and literature were studied. In particular, in folk
proverbs and modern poetry, the symbolic meanings of these concepts and their place
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in social life were determined, and an attempt was made to reveal their place in national
culture.
Metaphor theory was used as an important method in the study. On the basis of
this theory, the symbolic meanings of the concepts of “loneliness” (yolg‘izlik) and
“parting” (hijron) and their connection with the social context and cultural values were
analyzed. With the help of metaphors, it was studied how these concepts not only
express emotions but also reflect the spiritual world of people, their views on life, and
their place in society. Metaphors showed how these concepts were manifested in the
minds of the people and their national characteristics.
Method of language analysis (Lexical, morphological and syntactic analysis):
Lexical analysis: the lexical and connotative (secondary) meanings of the term’s
“yolg‘izlik” and “hijron” in Uzbek and “loneliness” and “parting” in English were
analyzed. Bilingual dictionaries and thesauruses were used in this process.
Morphological analysis: It was studied how these concepts are expressed in
morphological forms, for example, verb and noun forms.
Syntactic analysis: The structure of sentences with these terms was studied, in
which grammatical structures they are used.
Method of cultural analysis:
Historical and social context: The importance of the concepts of “loneliness”
(yolg‘izlik) and “exile” in historical, social, and religious life was explored. In this
process, substantive analyzes were conducted based on materials from folklore,
proverbs, poetry, and religious views.
Analysis of folklore and literature: folk proverbs and symbolic meanings in
modern poetry and their role in national culture were studied. The methods of reflection
of these concepts in social life were determined through proverbs and poems.
Theory of metaphor:
Metaphor analysis: based on Lakoff and Johnson’s conceptual metaphor theory,
the symbolic meanings of the concepts of “loneliness” (yolg‘izlik) and “parting”
(hijron) were analyzed. Through metaphors, these concepts not only express human
feelings, but also reflect national culture and values.
Cultural and spiritual significance: In this process, the cultural and spiritual
aspects of concepts are deeply studied, and it is determined how they appear in the
social context and are related to national characteristics. “loneliness” and “parting”
During the analysis, the connotative meanings of the concepts of “loneliness”
(yolg‘izlik) and “parting” (hijron) in both languages were deeply studied. In particular,
the positive and negative connotations of these concepts were determined, and their
cultural and psychological foundations were explained. The different usage of the
concepts of “loneliness” (yolg‘izlik) and “parting” (hijron) in the English language, and
the word “hijron” (parting) in the Uzbek language expressing deep emotional suffering
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became important in this process.
In addition, it was also studied how the concepts of “loneliness” (yolg‘izlik) and
“parting” (hijron) left a cultural legacy in both languages and cultures. It was analyzed
how these concepts were formed and developed over the centuries in folklore, proverbs,
literature and poetry. In this way, it is determined how these concepts were reflected in
national values and folk culture and how they influenced today.
RESULTS
One of the important points revealed during the research is that the concept of
“parting” (hijron) in Uzbek language is not only related to love and longing, but also to
the historical memory and national heritage of the people. In Uzbek culture and
literature, “hijron”(parting) in many cases represents the suffering of a person who has
lost a loved one or is separated from his homeland. This concept is widely used in
folklore, epics and poetry, and is used as a symbol of not only personal, but also
collective longing, separation and suffering. In classical music, the concept of “hijron”
(parting) plays a big role in expressing the longing for the homeland, the suffering of a
person living far from the homeland.
The reflection of this concept in Uzbek musical culture acquires cultural
significance due to its connection with the history and traditions of the nation.
A concept can be a thing, a notion or idea, a reality, a description, or something
else. The concept of lingvoculturology represents a branch of science devoted to the
study of the interrelationship and influence of language and culture. This concept is a
branch of science that studies the use of language in cultural-enlightenment learning,
understanding, and education, and has changing themes. Through the concept of
linguistic culture, it will be possible to determine the material-spiritual dimension of
people through different languages, to understand and analyze their literary,
enlightened, and world expressed through words [4].
Also, the concept of “loneliness” is of great importance in Uzbek culture. This
concept refers to withdrawal from social relations, separation from society or distance
from family and friendly relations. The traditional values of the Uzbek people value
social unity and family closeness, so “loneliness” (yolg‘izlik) is often interpreted in a
negative light. This concept is widespread in Uzbek culture in connection with a
person’s separation from his place in society and the feeling of being alone.
The different meanings of “loneliness” (yolg‘izlik) and “parting” (hijron) in
English reflect the emphasis on individuality and personal freedom in English culture
and social life. The concept of “loneliness” (yolg‘izlik) is often used in a negative sense,
associated with a person’s separation from social contact with other people and feeling
alone. In English culture, this concept is manifested as a negative emotion that
expresses a person’s social isolation and withdrawal from communication with others.
Especially in modern English literature, this concept is widely used to describe people's
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social isolation and personal suffering.
The concept of “parting” (hijron) is interpreted differently. This concept is used
in a positive sense and represents the state of a person staying with himself, finding
inner peace and immersing himself in creative processes. In English culture, “parting”
is an important concept in personal development and expression of creativity. This
concept is often interpreted in a positive way by artists and philosophers, and it
corresponds to the process of self-realization, self-formation of a person’s thoughts,
immersion in his inner world.
Linguistics is a branch of science that studies the relationship and influence of
language and culture. This direction has an important enterprise in the study of cultural-
enlightenment and the development of additional processes in education. It provides a
study of the variability in direction and the peculiarities of different cultures [5].
In terms of cultural influences, a comparative analysis of these concepts in Uzbek
and English languages shows that Uzbek culture promotes more social unity and
collective values. This shows that the concepts of “parting” and “loneliness” in the
Uzbek language are more related to cultural research and historical experiences. In
English culture, individuality, personal freedom and inner peace are valued, and the
concepts of “loneliness” and “solitude” are interpreted based on personal experience
and feelings.
In general, the results show that in the Uzbek language, “loneliness” (yolg‘izlik)
and “parting” (hijron) are considered more as concepts related to collective and social
separation. In English, “loneliness” (yolg‘izlik) and “parting” (hijron)are interpreted as
concepts reflecting personal experience and inner self. It reveals the semantic
differences between the two cultures, the cultural values of the peoples and their
peculiarities in social life.
DISCUSSION
The results of this study show that the concepts of “yolg‘izlik” and “hijron” have
different meanings in Uzbek and English cultures, and their interpretation is closely
related to the social structure and value system of each culture. In Uzbek culture,
“hijron” is considered more as a collective emotional state, that is, this concept
expresses not only personal, but also general longing and suffering. “Hijron”, which is
related to the traditional values and historical experiences of the people, occupies a
large place in the Uzbek national culture, it is often widely reflected in musical and
literary works. This concept is important in Uzbek cultural heritage, because it reflects
attention to national unity and the social life of society.
Textual sources often portrayed loneliness as a deep emotional isolation marked
by emptiness, longing, and a strong desire for connection. Metaphors like “echoing
silence” and “deserted landscape” were employed to illustrate the intensity of
emotional isolation people felt [6].
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In contrast, in English culture, the concept of “yolg‘izlik” is often associated with
the values of individualism. “Loneliness” (yolg‘izlik) is considered as a personal
experience and represents the state of being alone. English culture is individualistic,
and this concept focuses on individual experiences. Therefore, “loneliness” (yolg‘izlik)
mainly refers to personal space and isolation, which is widely used in modern literature
and psychological research.
The analysis carried out in the study using metaphor theory reveals the symbolic
expressions of these concepts. In Uzbek culture, the concept of “parting” (hijron) is
often expressed through figurative means such as “pain in the heart”, “tears” and
“longing”. It is widespread in folklore and national musical performance, and is directly
related to the historical experience and cultural heritage of the people. In English
culture, “loneliness” is often represented by symbolic images such as “emptiness” and
“silence”. These symbols are associated with English social life and values of
individualism, and indicate the negative effects of personal inner space and loneliness.
Through this research, it can be understood that emotions expressed through
language are inextricably linked with the social structure and values of each culture.
Since collectivity and social relations are important in Uzbek culture, the concepts of
“loneliness” (yolg‘izlik) and “parting” (hijron) in this culture emphasize social unity
and national values. In English culture, the focus is on individuality and personal
experience, which affects the symbolic meanings of the concepts of “loneliness”
(yolg‘izlik) and “parting” (hijron).
In general, through this study, the linguistic and cultural characteristics and value
system of both cultures were studied in depth, and it shows that their emotional states
expressed through language are related to the cultural heritage and social life of the
people.
CONCLUSION
The results of the research show that the concepts of “loneliness” (yolg‘izlik)
and “parting” (hijron) have different meanings in English and Uzbek languages, which
is related to the social structure and values of each culture. In the Uzbek language, these
concepts are closely related to national and collective values and reflect society’s
attention to social unity. In folk poetry and music, the concept of “parting” (hijron) is
important in expressing national heritage and longing. These concepts are directly
related to the historical experience of the people and their place in the society, and
appear as a symbol of social and collective suffering.
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