Volume 02 Issue 04-2022
11
International Journal of Advance Scientific Research
(ISSN
–
2750-1396)
VOLUME
02
I
SSUE
04
Pages:
11-18
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.478
)
(2022:
5.636
)
METADATA
IF
–
7.356
A
BSTRACT
This article discusses progressive technological methods for increasing grain production, increasing the
efficiency of grain use, improving its quality, increasing the yield of premium flour, increasing
productivity by installing high-performance equipment, automating production processes, and improving
the preparation process. grain for grinding. Schemes of the technological process of preparing grain for
grinding during threshing and reconstruction are given.
K
EYWORDS
Grinding of grain, improvement, production, use of grain, increase in efficiency, improvement of its
quality, the highest grade, flour, high-performance equipment, increase in productivity, production,
automation of processes, grinding of grain, progressive technological methods, schemes of technological
processes.
Journal
Website:
http://sciencebring.co
m/index.php/ijasr
Copyright:
Original
content from this work
may be used under the
terms of the creative
commons
attributes
4.0 licence.
Research Article
IMPROVING THE PROCESS OF PREPARING THE GRAIN FOR
GRINDING
Submission Date:
April 10, 2022,
Accepted Date:
April 15, 2022,
Published Date:
April 21, 2022
Crossref doi:
https://doi.org/10.37547/ijasr-02-04-03
Shokhsanam Umurzakova
Assistant, Department Of «Food Technology», Ferghana Polytechnic Institute, Ferghana, Uzbekistan
Volume 02 Issue 04-2022
12
International Journal of Advance Scientific Research
(ISSN
–
2750-1396)
VOLUME
02
I
SSUE
04
Pages:
11-18
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.478
)
(2022:
5.636
)
METADATA
IF
–
7.356
I
NTRODUCTION
Wheat is the main and most important food crop
grown in most countries of the world in more
than 80 countries. Wheat culture has been
developing for about 10,000 years, in Europe for
more than 5,000 years, and in our country for
more than 5,000 years. When building new flour
mills, it is easier to solve the problem of
improving the technological process than the
reconstruction of old ones. But the cost of
reconstruction is low and an equal result can be
achieved when done based on a good project.
Danilin A.S. [1-7].
M
ETHODS
Technological re-equipment and reconstruction
can bring all flour mills to a modern technical
stage.
More than 1/3 of high-grade flour should
be produced in technically re-equipped
enterprises [8-11].
The main tasks to be solved
during the reconstruction of the existing flour
mill are:
increase production capacity;
Improving the efficiency of grain use,
improving its quality, increasing the yield of
high-grade flour;
Increasing productivity by installing high-
performance equipment, automation of
production processes;
Application of advanced technological
methods of preparation of grain for grinding.
During the reconstruction, the schemes of the
technological process of preparation of grain
for grinding will be reconfigured:
preparation of grain for grinding by type,
vitreous size and size, wetting in different
ways, continuous mixing, two- and three-
stream heating lines in winter;
the grain mixture is separated (air-sieve
separators, air separators, etc.);
the grain surface is treated (in RZ-BMO or
RZ-BGO dehumidifying machines, J9-BMA
washing machines, etc.);
pre-steam damping (A1-BSHU-2 rapid
damping screw before the first steam, A1-
BSHU-1 before the second steam);
Intensive cleaning of grain, resulting in a
decrease in its content by 0.1-0.2%, and ash
content by 0.06-0.10%.
Technological efficiency of the cleaning process
on grain aspiration machines in terms of size and
aerodynamic properties Light components dust,
Volume 02 Issue 04-2022
13
International Journal of Advance Scientific Research
(ISSN
–
2750-1396)
VOLUME
02
I
SSUE
04
Pages:
11-18
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.478
)
(2022:
5.636
)
METADATA
IF
–
7.356
foreign matter, sorghum, sawdust, sawdust,
flour, crushed and lean grains, etc.) is
determined by separation from the grain and are
determined in% according to the following
formula:
,
100
a
b
a
T
In this case, a- is the number of light components
before they reach the car;
b-is the amount of light components after
processing [12-19].
It is not necessary to maximize the efficiency of
the equipment to ensure high technological
efficiency of cleaning.
The efficiency of the air
separator can be judged from the following data:
air velocity in the pneumatic separator - 7.4
m/s;
the number of primes in the grain mass
-RZ-BAB - up to 0.05 separator
RZ-BAB - after 0.01 separator;
Coefficient of cleaning from the primes - 90-
80%.
Primes are classified according to their size and
aerodynamic properties to remove the bulk of
the grain from foreign bodies [36], and
cylindrical or flat-sieve grain cleaning machines
are used.
The first cleaning process from the
largest primes was carried out on scalper
machines.
Its power cylinder rotates slowly.
More detailed cleaning is carried out in
separators with two layers of flat sieves.
It forms
a simple technological scheme that separates
large and fine primes.
The efficiency of cleaning
grain from large primes in scales is 100% [19-
21].
In A1-BIS and A1-BLS separators, in grain sieve
nets, primes that differ in thickness and width
from grain,
in the pneumo-parasitic duct is
cleared at the rate of oscillation (jump, vitanie).
It is known that in wallpaper machines, the husk
of the grain is cleaned of debris, including
beards. They are close to the grain in size and
specific gravity, so they are difficult to separate
in separators [21-24].
Cleaning the wallpaper should also partially
eliminate the bacteria that accumulate in large
quantities on the surface of the grain.
The
microflora, which is not lost during cleaning,
causes millions of bacteria to enter the flour.
They survive even when baking dough.
This does
not guarantee the safety of the bread.
The dry
cleaning method involves the use of fast-rotating
metal rods inside a cylindrical grinding drum.
"Soft" wallpaper machine designs are also used.
In them, the surface of the cylindrical drum is
made of metal.
In granulated wallpaper, the
Volume 02 Issue 04-2022
14
International Journal of Advance Scientific Research
(ISSN
–
2750-1396)
VOLUME
02
I
SSUE
04
Pages:
11-18
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.478
)
(2022:
5.636
)
METADATA
IF
–
7.356
grain is beaten with sticks, from which the grain
hits the rough surface of the cylinder .
Depending on the magnitude of the kinetic
energy expended on the impact, partial or
complete crushing of the grain, or partial
destruction of the husk, occurs.
Different
mechanical changes occur for different sizes and
varieties of steam.
Grinding of grain is not
required in najdak wallpaper.
Therefore, we are
interested in the magnitude of the force that can
perform the main function of the wallpaper
machine [15-19].
If the rotational speed of the stick through y is
set in m/s, the force required to hit the grain on
the stick is my2/2, and the force hitting the
surface of the grain is my2 sin2á/2.
The authors of some studies consider the impact
of a stick-on grain to be important in
determining the threshold value of velocity, and
find the impact force using the expression
my2/2 [38-41],
because two blows are observed
at each meeting of the bitch with the grain.
Hence the impact force of the bitch at each
encounter with the grain
mυ
2
/2 + mυ
2
sin
2
ά/2
For the outer and inner diameters of the slag
wallpaper stick, we find sin 400 = 0.4, assuming
that the change in angle in the range of 20-500 is
on average 400. To make the wallpaper work
properly, set the number of times the stick meets
the grain with K,
the equation for the impact
force on the wallpaper in kilograms can be
written:
K(mυ
2
/2 + mυ
2
sin
2
ά/2) = A
The value of A was found above for the
individual grains. Thus, we received an
assignment for the operation of the wallpaper, in
which the values of K and y should be related to
the above formula. To find the value of K, it is
necessary to experimentally break up the grain
husk in the wallpaper as if we had struck it in a
laboratory with a force of 0.0015 kg/m.
Knowing the true value of y in the wallpaper, we
find the value of K. By putting the value of K
found for a particular case in a formula, we can
find the possible value of the velocity of the circle
For the general case
G
0,4)
k(1
81
?
9
2
Ф
v
In this case, G is the weight of wheat grains of
different sizes. From the formula, it is clear that
the value of the rotational speed of the wallpaper
stick is directly proportional to A and inversely
proportional to - G.
Volume 02 Issue 04-2022
15
International Journal of Advance Scientific Research
(ISSN
–
2750-1396)
VOLUME
02
I
SSUE
04
Pages:
11-18
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.478
)
(2022:
5.636
)
METADATA
IF
–
7.356
The value of A has different values for different
varieties, and the weight of the grain depends on
the size of the grain when the density is the
same.
It follows that: As the endurance of the
endosperm increases, the rotational speed of the
bitch may increase or vice versa. As the grain
size increases, the rotational speed of the stick
should decrease.
Table 1. The sizes of the individual fractions of grains
The generation of wheat
Fraction
3,0-2,75
Fraction
2,75-2,50
Fraction
2,50-2,25
Fraction
2,25-2,0
Durum wheat (durum)
0,045
0,0368
0,0358
0,0238
Soft wheat with a thin
endosperm (belozernaya)
0,0388
0,0350
0,0292
0,0240
Soft wheat with vitreous
endosperm (Ukrainka sorts)
0,0424
0,0350
0,0280
0,0234
As can be seen from this table, the size of the
individual fractions of grains is given, which
shows that the fractions vary depending on the
variety of wheat. The moments that weaken the
impact force in Najdak wallpaper are as follows:
The elasticity of the grain, due to which the
grain does not completely lose its speed
after hitting the nail polish;
The effect of air resistance on the impact of
grain on the grain;
Adds strength to the impact force:
The rough surface of the najdak and the one-
tenth of the friction that occurs with it are y = cos
the fruit husk and the rest of the sludge are
separated from the grain under the influence of
the speed at which the grain is directed along the
surface of the gravel at this point.
C
ONCLUSION
The grain mass, which is free of primers, needs
additional processing. Contaminants and dust
added during grain transportation and storage
should be removed. In addition, damage to the
grain can damage its husk and partially fold it. To
clean the grain from these contaminants, its
surface is treated by the dry or wet method. In
the first case, wallpaper and brush machines are
used or the grain is de-husked on the machine
A1-ZSHN-3. When the grain surface is treated by
the wet method, a washing machine or wet
dehumidification machines are used.
R
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Volume 02 Issue 04-2022
16
International Journal of Advance Scientific Research
(ISSN
–
2750-1396)
VOLUME
02
I
SSUE
04
Pages:
11-18
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.478
)
(2022:
5.636
)
METADATA
IF
–
7.356
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