Volume 02 Issue 12-2022
183
International Journal of Advance Scientific Research
(ISSN
–
2750-1396)
VOLUME
02
I
SSUE
12
Pages:
183-191
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.478
)
(2022:
5.636
)
METADATA
IF
–
7.356
A
BSTRACT
The analysis of the disposal situation of used car tires showed that the problem of their recycling is global
and there is no single point of view on its solution.
The market for the sale of recycled tires and the requirements for them were analyzed. The sequence of
processing car tires is determined.
K
EYWORDS
Automobile, tire, disposal, steel, zinc, rubber, manufacturing, recycling, particulates.
I
NTRODUCTION
Any tire of any quality and quantity includes the
following main components: rubber, soot, silicon,
oil, sulfur, zinc oxide, steel, nylon, aramid, viscose,
and polyester.
The main types of rubber for production:
Journal
Website:
http://sciencebring.co
m/index.php/ijasr
Copyright:
Original
content from this work
may be used under the
terms of the creative
commons
attributes
4.0 licence.
Research Article
ANALYSIS OF THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF CAR TIRE
RUBBER
Submission Date:
December 14, 2022,
Accepted Date:
December 19, 2022,
Published Date:
December 24, 2022
Crossref doi:
https://doi.org/10.37547/ijasr-02-12-26
Fayzullaev Xaydarali
Senior Lecturer, Fergana Polytechnic Institute, Fergana, Uzbekistan
Volume 02 Issue 12-2022
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International Journal of Advance Scientific Research
(ISSN
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VOLUME
02
I
SSUE
12
Pages:
183-191
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.478
)
(2022:
5.636
)
METADATA
IF
–
7.356
natural rubber;
styrene-butadiene rubber;
butadiene rubber;
butyl rubber.
Natural rubber is found in the milky sap of Hevea
(Hevea brasiliensis), latex in the form of an
aqueous dispersion containing up to 40% rubber.
Latex consists of a large number of rubber
particles
–
globules [1,2,3,4]. Depending on the
season of latex collection, humidity, the
geography of tree location, and the type of
planting (forest and plantation), the resulting
rubber has a different quality. The most
important rubber grades are Prime Standard
Ribbed Smoked Sheets and Fine Standard Latex
or crepe Pale Smoking crepe Rubber. The first
varieties also include base crepe and spray
rubber [5-9].
The main part
The lowest grades of rubber waste are obtained:
2nd-grade light crepe, brown crepe, wood crepe,
shell crepe, and ground crepe.
The composition of raw rubber includes rubber
hydrocarbon,
moisture,
acetone
extract
substances,
nitrogen-containing
substances
(proteins), ash (inorganic). The composition of
these substances can be very different [10-19].
The hydrocarbon of all-natural rubbers consists
of the same elementary isopentenyl groups
(C5H8).
The main properties of rubber depend on the
presence of a high polymer content (C5H8) P in
its composition. Rubber hydrocarbon contains
isopentane
groups
formed
during
the
polymerization of isoprene:
The linear structure of the rubber molecule has
been proven by several works.
Isoprene polymerization proceeds as follows:
In order to separate the acetone extract
substances, crushed rubber is extracted with hot
acetone under blackening conditions.
These substances include oleic and linoleic acids -
45%, stearic acid - 6%, styrene - 8%, and styrene
derivatives - 10%, the content of other substances
is not specified. As for nitrogen-containing
substances, firstly, the nature of these proteins
(glycoproteins or plant proteins) is not fully
understood, and secondly, amino acids are the
result of the breakdown of proteins that are the
means for the development of bacteria, but they,
in turn, make rubber. protects against ageing. [21-
27]
Ash includes CaO, HgO, K2O, Na2O, P2Os, Cl, and
Fe oxides.
Styrene-butadiene rubber is a product of the co-
polymerization of butadiene with styrene or
methyl styrene, this polymerization is carried out
in aqueous emulsions, which allows for obtaining
homogeneous rubbers with high polymer and
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International Journal of Advance Scientific Research
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VOLUME
02
I
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Pages:
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SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.478
)
(2022:
5.636
)
METADATA
IF
–
7.356
linear structure [28-34]. The sequence of a
combination of butadiene and styrene molecules
can be very different: butadiene-styrene,
butadiene-styrene-styrene;
butadiene-
butadiene-styrene:
Synthetic sodium butadiene rubber is a product of butadiene polymerization under the influence of
sodium, after polymerization, sodium cannot be completely removed, it remains in the rubber and turns
into sodium carbonate [35-41]. Micromolecules of sodium butadiene rubber consist of units connected by
bonds in positions 1-2 and 1-4; sodium is included in the last groups:
Butyl rubber is obtained by co-polymerization of isobutylene and isoprene or butadiene.
It is 1 ... 5% of the unsaturation of natural rubber with the ratio of isoprene and isobutylene.
Butyl rubber has the following structure:
(
)
(
)
3
3
2
2
3
2
2
2
2
2
2
3
3
3
3
.
СН СН
СН
СН СН
C CH C CH
CH
C
CH
CH
C CH
C CH
СН СН
СН СН
− −
−
− −
− =
−
− − −
− −
Volume 02 Issue 12-2022
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International Journal of Advance Scientific Research
(ISSN
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2750-1396)
VOLUME
02
I
SSUE
12
Pages:
183-191
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.478
)
(2022:
5.636
)
METADATA
IF
–
7.356
In addition to these types of rubber, rubber
compounds include:
•
vulcanizing agents;
•
vulcanization accelerator;
•
accelerator activators;
•
antioxidants;
•
plasticizers;
•
fillers;
•
will be restored;
•
components for special purposes;
•
auxiliary materials.
Treatment agents include sulfur, di- and
trinitrobenzene, organic peroxides, quinones,
diazo compounds, Zn, Pb, Cd, Mg oxides. However,
to date, mass products are made from sulfur
vulcanized rubber. In order to include sulfur in
rubber compounds, it is necessary to have it in a
finely dispersed state [42-43]. The most optimal
production method is the decomposition of
polysulfide metals with acids ( ), a necessary
condition for production is a homogeneous
distribution in the sulfur mixture. Rubber is a
solvent for sulfur, its solubility increases when
the temperature rises, and the excess sulfur in the
solution recrystallizes on further cooling. The
sulfur content in rubber compounds does not
exceed 3 ... 3.5%. Vulcanization accelerators are
usually referred to as chemical compounds that
shorten the vulcanization time and improve the
physicochemical properties of rubber. Currently,
inorganic accelerators (caustic soda, soda,
magnesium oxide, lead oxide, etc.) and organic
(thiazoles, guanidines, etc.) are used. For
example, for natural rubber, dibenzothiazoline
disulfide is used as an accelerator, butadiene - for
styrene rubber - mono-di and triethanolamine.
Activators actively accelerate the vulcanization
process and improve the quality of vulcanizates.
These include oxides of zinc, magnesium, lead,
calcium, cadmium, etc. The main disadvantage of
rubber products is their rapid ageing, i.e. loss of
elasticity with changes in physical and chemical
properties. The main cause of ageing is the
oxidation of rubber and rubber. Antioxidants are
used as antioxidants. Natural rubber contains
resins - natural antioxidants. The following
antioxidants are actively used in all types of
rubber: phenols, aminophenols, secondary
naphthylamines, etc. Plasticizers are substances
included in rubber compounds to reduce internal
friction in the system. These include oxides of
zinc, magnesium, lead, calcium, cadmium, etc. The
main disadvantage of rubber products is their
rapid ageing, i.e. loss of elasticity with changes in
physical and chemical properties. The main cause
of ageing is the oxidation of rubber and rubber.
Antioxidants are used as antioxidants. Natural
rubber contains resins - natural antioxidants. The
following antioxidants are actively used in all
types of rubber: phenols, aminophenols,
secondary naphthylamines, etc. Plasticizers are
substances included in rubber compounds to
reduce internal friction in the system. These
include oxides of zinc, magnesium, lead, calcium,
cadmium, etc. The main disadvantage of rubber
products is their rapid aging, i.e. loss of elasticity
with changes in physical and chemical properties.
The main cause of ageing is the oxidation of
rubber and rubber. Antioxidants are used as
Volume 02 Issue 12-2022
187
International Journal of Advance Scientific Research
(ISSN
–
2750-1396)
VOLUME
02
I
SSUE
12
Pages:
183-191
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.478
)
(2022:
5.636
)
METADATA
IF
–
7.356
antioxidants. Natural rubber contains resins -
natural antioxidants. The following antioxidants
are actively used in all types of rubber: phenols,
aminophenols, secondary naphthylamines, etc.
Plasticizers are substances included in rubber
compounds to reduce internal friction in the
system. loss of elasticity with changes in physical
and chemical properties. The main cause of
ageing is the oxidation of rubber and rubber.
Antioxidants are used as antioxidants. Natural
rubber contains resins - natural antioxidants. The
following antioxidants are actively used in all
types of rubber: phenols, aminophenols,
secondary naphthylamines, etc. Plasticizers are
substances included in rubber compounds to
reduce internal friction in the system. loss of
elasticity with changes in physical and chemical
properties. The main cause of ageing is the
oxidation of rubber and rubber. Antioxidants are
used as antioxidants. Natural rubber contains
resins - natural antioxidants. The following
antioxidants are actively used in all types of
rubber: phenols, aminophenols, secondary
naphthylamines, etc. Plasticizers are substances
included in rubber compounds to reduce internal
friction in the system. aminophenols, secondary
naphthylamines, etc. Plasticizers are substances
included in rubber compounds to reduce internal
friction in the system. aminophenols, secondary
naphthylamines, etc. Plasticizers are substances
included in rubber compounds to reduce internal
friction in the system.
Currently, several hundred types of plasticizers
are known, the main part of which are plasticizers
consisting of oil, fuel oil, tar, naphthalene, asphalt,
bitumen, and others. In addition, coal tar,
vegetable resin, etc. are used. For example, fatty
acids, paraffin, ozocrite, etc. are used for
butadiene and styrene-butadiene rubbers, and
trichlorophenyl ethers, benzyl ethers, etc. are
used for butyl rubber. Mechanical strength and
elasticity are one of the most important
properties of rubber. These properties largely
depend on the presence of fillers in the rubber.
This includes styrene polymers, polyethene,
polyisobutylene, formaldehyde, epoxy and other
resins, in addition to various types of carbon
black. It serves as a rubber substitute in recovery
rubber compounds.
C
ONCLUSION
Regardless of the nature of recovery, its inclusion
in
rubber
compounds
improves
their
technological properties. Currently, based on the
practical data of production enterprises, it is
generally accepted that 1 kg of raw rubber can be
replaced by 1 kg of hydrocarbons included in the
renewed mixture. if the hydrocarbon content is
50%, 2 kg of regenerant is needed accordingly. In
the same case, if there is no rubber in the mixture,
that is. the mixture is formed only from
regenerate, then the amount of sulfur and
accelerators should be taken based on the amount
of hydrocarbons present; previously used
ingredients are considered fillers.
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METADATA
IF
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