Volume 03 Issue 02-2023
58
International Journal of Advance Scientific Research
(ISSN
–
2750-1396)
VOLUME
03
I
SSUE
02
Pages:
58-61
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.478
)
(2022:
5.636
)
(2023:
6.741
)
OCLC
–
1368736135
A
BSTRACT
The study of the phenomenon of word borrowing is one of the essential sources in the study of the
vocabulary of a language. Learning to acquire words depends on language conflict and language contact in
linguistics. Communication between speakers of different languages is one of the factors that influence of
languages each other. This language conflict is characterized by bilingualism, acquisition, and language
shift. Several factors influence the acquisition of words, the degree of connection of their linguistic
meanings, homonyms, the obsolescence of words, and the absence of semantic differences. This article
discusses the research carried out by linguists and researchers on loanwords in Malaysia and beyond.
K
EYWORDS
Malay language, semantic, phonological, transfer, dialectic, archaic loanwords.
I
NTRODUCTION
Journal
Website:
http://sciencebring.co
m/index.php/ijasr
Copyright:
Original
content from this work
may be used under the
terms of the creative
commons
attributes
4.0 licence.
Research Article
FEATURES OF THE BORROWING PHENOMENA IN MALAY
LANGUAGE
Submission Date:
February 18, 2023,
Accepted Date:
February 23, 2023,
Published Date:
February 28, 2023
Crossref doi:
https://doi.org/10.37547/ijasr-03-02-08
Gulzoda Kahramonovna Utkurova
Student, Faculty Of Oriental Philology And Translation Studies, Tashkent State University Of Oriental
Studies, Uzbekistan
Ismatullayeva N.R.
Scientific Supervisor, Ph.D , Faculty Of Oriental Philology And Translation Studies, Tashkent State
University Of Oriental Studies, Uzbekistan
Volume 03 Issue 02-2023
59
International Journal of Advance Scientific Research
(ISSN
–
2750-1396)
VOLUME
03
I
SSUE
02
Pages:
58-61
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.478
)
(2022:
5.636
)
(2023:
6.741
)
OCLC
–
1368736135
The arrival of different cultures with modern
technology in Malaysia has created the problem of
lack of words or terms to develop knowledge in
the society. Some words in certain fields or their
meanings have become more difficult to find.
Because of this, the society faced difficulties in
progressing towards development. Lack of words
or terms led to the introduction or appropriation
of words from foreign languages.
The knowledge of the language acquired due to
the factor of necessity is very valuable. Even non-
colonial countries adopt foreign language terms
for education and technology out of necessity.
Japanese and Thai have also adopted many terms
from foreign languages, especially English, to
meet their higher education needs.
According to the scientific research of H. Heah, the
study of linguistic acquisition actually belongs to
the field of study of language conflict. The
acquisition of words from dictionaries usually
occurs when there is a clash of languages.
People using different languages cause languages
to influence each other. As a result of language
conflict, there are cases of language change,
mixing or extinction.
“baha
sa meminjam tidak perlu bayar apa-apa dan
bahasa peminjam tidak kehilangan apa-apa. Di
sini peminjaman bermakna imitation”
O. Jesperson says that the language being
acquired does not have to give anything; at the
same time, the language does not lose anything.
Jesperson put
forward the
idea that
appropriation is. If a society is highly valued in
terms of the development of its civilization, the
acquisition of words will be easier. At this point, if
we analyze every language in the world, we can
see that there is no unlearned word in any
language.
Chronologically, the linguists of the European
countries began to study borrowed words and
their phonology and morphology earlier than the
Eastern linguists. For the first time, the Danish
linguist O. Jesperson thinks about the phonetic
alphabet that can be used alternatively in each
language and analyzes the phonology of English
language acquisitions. In the course of his
analysis, he came to the conclusion that word
appropriation is very common among world
languages and that no language in the world is
free of borrowed words. In 1950, the Greek
researcher H. Einer proved that German Paul's
ideas were wrong with his lexical analysis of
bilingualism and word acquisition. E. Repetti,
thinking about borrowed words, gave the
classification that "borrowed words are used in 3
different ways." 1) direct assimilation of
borrowed words without any change, 2) partial
assimilation, in which the word changes due to
certain phonetic phonological changes 3)
confirmed his ideas only with concrete examples
of the acquisition of suffixes from another
language.
U.G. Shellaber, who was one of the first to show
interest in the Malay language and literature,
occupied an important place in the history of the
Malay language with the first "Practical Malay
Grammar"
(1899)
and
"Malay-English
Dictionary" (1902). This dictionary of his was the
Volume 03 Issue 02-2023
60
International Journal of Advance Scientific Research
(ISSN
–
2750-1396)
VOLUME
03
I
SSUE
02
Pages:
58-61
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.478
)
(2022:
5.636
)
(2023:
6.741
)
OCLC
–
1368736135
basis of subsequent dictionaries. Then R. O.
Winstedt, a British orientalist who conducted
research on Malay vocabulary and grammar. In
1913, he published a book called Malay Grammar,
in which he gave some outdated versions of
English words, which were considered the
language of communication and military at the
time, and gave moral explanations. In addition, he
published a 3-volume Malay-English dictionary in
1914-1917. RJ Wilkinson, a contemporary of
Windest and who advised him to study Malay
grammar, also contributed to the Malay language
with his "Classical Malay Dictionary". Later,
linguists such as Ismail Hussain, Zaharini Ahmed,
Mwita, Leslau, and Asmah Haji Omar studied the
phonetic and phonological aspects of the
loanwords that entered the Malay language,
specifically the consonant movement.
Asmah Haji Omar expressed the following points
about the process of acquiring words in the Malay
language:
"Acquisition of any language into another
language comes from two main reasons. The first
is the absence of an equivalent of the term being
learned in a certain language, or the emergence of
a new term as a result of the development of
science and technology. The second, even if it is
the equivalent of the words that have been
adopted in a certain language, it is not compatible
in terms of meaning.
Linguist Hendershot conducted research on
Malay words borrowed from Arabic and noted
that the language that contributed the most to the
classical Malay period was Arabic. In 2002, I.
Mansur, after analyzing the semantics of Arabic
loanwords in the Malay language, included 1242
Arabic loanwords from the letter A to the letter M
in the Kamus Devan dictionary.
Also, Z. Ahmad, who made a great contribution to
Malay linguistics, opposed the opinion of
European scientists. He justified the possibility of
language acquisition in 7 different ways, i.e. pure
acquisition,
hybrid
acquisition,
semantic
acquisition, transfer, dialectical and archaic
acquisition methods on the example of the Malay
language. Every rule based on it is still followed in
Malay language.
In particular, Uzbek linguists also conducted
scientific research on borrowed words and
adverbs. The reason is that the origin and origin
of the words in the current Uzbek dictionary are
different. The Uzbek language, a Turkic language,
was historically used by the peoples of the Central
Asian region for several centuries at the same
time as the Persian language. At the same time,
new words, Persian additions, phrases, and even
word-forming additions entered the lexical layer
of the Uzbek language. As a result, borrowed
words enter the relationship of synonymy and
antonymy in the centuries-old speech process.
Uzbek scientists such as I. V. Arnold, V. A.
Zvegintsev, R. Jomonov, Sh. Rakhmatullayev have
studied such features of the language.
In conclusion, the words that appeared as a result
of the interaction of the adopted words or as a
result of the interaction of different cultures and
in the process of the relationship between the
language users are called adopted words. When a
Volume 03 Issue 02-2023
61
International Journal of Advance Scientific Research
(ISSN
–
2750-1396)
VOLUME
03
I
SSUE
02
Pages:
58-61
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.478
)
(2022:
5.636
)
(2023:
6.741
)
OCLC
–
1368736135
dominant or highly cultured language collides
with a less influential or less cultured language,
they complement each other. For example, when
the Malay language collided with the Sanskrit
language in the 7th century, the Malay language
adopted a number of words from the Sanskrit
language. Reforms aimed at strengthening the
Malay language in Malaysia are gaining
momentum slowly. Out of necessity, Malay
continues to absorb words from English,
especially in technical and specialized fields.
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