Volume 03 Issue 05-2023
210
International Journal of Advance Scientific Research
(ISSN
–
2750-1396)
VOLUME
03
ISSUE
05
Pages:
210-215
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.478
)
(2022:
5.636
)
(2023:
6.741
)
OCLC
–
1368736135
A
BSTRACT
This article is dedicated to the Spanish phraseological units and the problems of translating them into the
Uzbek language. As we know, that Spanish and Uzbek are the languages of various linguistic structures.
Furthermore, they are the languages of nations of various cultural origins. For this reason, during the
translation of the phraseological units in the Spanish classes, the Uzbek students will have the problems of
translating them correctly, in particular the phraseological units, in which the names of the parts of the
div and the names of the animals are used. If we pay attention to the issue that the majority of
phraseological units are not directly translated into Uzbek, first of all it is necessary to explain to the
essence of these units and to find their equivalents in Uzbek. In the paper he analyzes the cultural heritage
of Spain and Uzbekistan using the example of phraseological units and the problems of their translations.
K
EYWORDS
During the translation, the translator encounters difficulties such as understanding and knowing well the
customs and traditions, the ideology of such a people, which he is translating from his mother tongue.
I
NTRODUCTION
According to the Uzbek linguist O.Muminov
“translation is not equivalent to some text, it is the
process as difficult as rewriting the original text.
And translating the elements of some culture and
Journal
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Research Article
CULTURAL PROBLEMS IN THE TRANSLATION OF SPANISH
PHRASEOLOGICAL UNITS INTO UZBEK
Submission Date:
May 21, 2023,
Accepted Date:
May 26, 2023,
Published Date:
May 31, 2023
Crossref doi:
https://doi.org/10.37547/ijasr-03-05-35
Makhfuza Ravshanovna Artikova
Doctor Of Philosophy (Phd) In Philological Sciences, Uzbekistan
Volume 03 Issue 05-2023
211
International Journal of Advance Scientific Research
(ISSN
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2750-1396)
VOLUME
03
ISSUE
05
Pages:
210-215
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.478
)
(2022:
5.636
)
(2023:
6.741
)
OCLC
–
1368736135
interpreting the original idea in another language
is a very complicated situation for the translator
[1, 3].
We know, that when we learn a language, we will
study the culture of that nation as well. It is that
culture and language are related concepts. That is
why today, in the time of globalization, the
problems of cultural linguistics are more current.
Cultural linguistics learns language as a
phenomenon of culture. That is the determined
view of the world through the prism of the
national language, when the language expresses
the national mentality.
Phraseological units are one of the means of
expressing the national mentality in the language.
The use of phraseological units in the language is
closely related to the cultural life, customs,
history, worldview and other factors of that
nation.
Why do you investigate phraseological units,
metaphors and symbols? It is that, they are
valuable sources of knowledge about the culture
and mentality of the nation. They preserve the
myths, legends and traditions.
The famous Russian linguist Larin writes, that
“Phraseological units express the views of the
people, social regime and ideology of their time”
[2,126].
Phraseology is the linguistic part, which learns
stable phrases and expressions. Phraseological
units have a special morphological and syntactic
construction, and words cannot be separated
from their structure. The joined words of
phraseology express the unique meaning.
Phraseological units are used in figurative senses.
Phraseological unit is considered the combination
of words characterized by presenting a certain
degree of fixation or idiomaticity, that is, they are
combinations of words whose meaning is not
necessarily deduced from the meaning of the
components separately and have limited
"modification, substitution, the addition of
complements or any other alteration of its
structure", according to Ruiz Gurillo [3].
According to the "Ideological Dictionary of the
Spanish Language" by Julio Casares, phraseology
is defined as "the set of phrases and idioms of the
language" [4, 24].
For Balikova the sentences are the results of the
social strata and they express notions and
characters of the people of some society” [5, 7].
The
phraseological
units
fulfill
the
communicative and aesthetic functions in the
language [6, 19].
Phraseological issues and the problem of the
difference in word content in various languages
are substantial to translation theory and practice.
Phraseological units will often offer practical
difficulties and arouse great theoretical interest,
such as the different meanings of words in
various languages.
The comparative study of phraseological units
not of related languages and of various linguistic
structures contributes to the revelation of
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VOLUME
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SJIF
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(2022:
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(2023:
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OCLC
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similarity and difference in the languages and
ideologies of peoples and presents one of the
most current problems of modern linguistics.
You should note that in the process of translating
into phraseological units the translator has to
understand the content of the sentences well, and
that requires knowing well the mentality and
ideology of such a people. Because it is possible
that a phrase can have a positive idea for the
representatives of one nation, and not for the
others.
In the process of translating Spanish
phraseological units into Uzbek, Uzbek
translators should first of all pay attention to
ethnic and mental factors, since Spanish and
Uzbek are not only languages of various
structures, they are also languages of several
continents. If Spanish belongs to the Romance
languages, Uzbek belongs to the Altai languages.
What to do in order not to make a mistake in the
translation of the Spanish phraseological units
into Uzbek?
- Do not translate directly;
- Understand well the meaning of phraseological
units with the help of Spanish phraseological
dictionaries;
- Search for its state of use with the help of search
systems in newspapers or literature;
- Find the Uzbek equivalent and check from Uzbek
phraseological dictionaries.
Uzbek students, learning Spanish as a foreign
language, often have difficulties with the
translation of phraseological units, in particular,
in which the names of parts of the div are used.
It is that, in the place of names of some parts of
the div, used in the Spanish phraseological
units, in Uzbek the others are used. And that
depends on the mentality and ideology of two
nations, that one is the representative of the West
and one is of the East. But you should note, that
there are some phraseological units, which can be
directly translated from English into Uzbek.
For example, the phraseological units with the
use of the word boca (mouth).
Boca bajo
–
meaning: to be something in an
inverted position.
Example: “Un accidente en la call
e de Poeta
Querol en Valencia deja a un vehículo boca abajo”
(El País, July 30, 2022).
That phrase is used with respect to accidents. But
in Uzbek there is a phrase “oyogi osmondan
bo‘ldi”.
That means, which foot is up. So instead of the
word mouth in Uzbek the phrase with the word
foot is used.
(estar/quedarse) con la boca abierta
–
meaning:
to be/be astonished, admired.
Example: “Esta mañana, mientras leía la noticia
de María Dolores Amorós, ya saben, la ex
directora general de Caja Mediterranio, me he
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dado cuenta de que tenía la boca abierta de par en
par” (El País, February 25, 2023).
You can translate directly to that phraseological
unit. In Uzbek there is the phrase og‘zi ochilib
qolmoq. And that phraseological unit has the
same meaning as Spanish.
estar (alguien) colgada /colgarse de boca (de
alguien) - meaning: to listen with pleasure to
what is said, to be aware of what one says.
Example: “Y supongo que le dirían que no llevase
un habano, porque eso sí está mal visto, aunque
dudo mucho de que lo que colgaba de su boca
fuera un farias” (El País, October 1, 2022).
In Spanish that phraseological unit is used
towards the listener. In Uzbek there is the phrase
og‘ziga qaratib qo‘ymoq. This phraseological unit
has the similar meaning of hanging / hanging
from the mouth, but it is used towards the person
who speaks.
(sin/no decir) esta boca es mía - meaning:
without / say absolutely nothing.
This phraseological unit cannot be directly
translated. According to its meaning it is
appropriate to the Uzbek phrase - mum
tishlamoq. Which translates into Spanish to
ruminate to honeycomb. Why ruminates
honeycomb? In ancient times, when there was no
chewing gum, in oriental countries they
ruminated
in
honeycombs.
How
many
honeycombs were very sweet, people could not
speak.
Phraseological units with the use of the word
corazón (heart).
con el corazón en la mano
–
meaning: with all
sincerity
Example: “Estrenamos 'Con el corazón en la
mano', nuevo clip de Eladio y los seres queridos”
(El País, February 20, 2023).
In Spanish, phraseological units with the word
corazón (heart) are used to express feelings. In
Uzbek phraseology instead of the word yurak
–
heart the word qalb
–
soul is often used. There is
the Uzbek phrase chin qalbdan
–
from the whole
soul, which can be used in the translation process
as the equivalent of the phraseological unit with a
heart in hand.
con gran dolor de corazón
–
meaning: sorry a lot.
You can translate directly to that phraseological
unit as well, but you must use next to yurak
–
heart the word qalb
–
soul. In Uzbek the word
heart is understood as a physical organ, but the
word soul has a spiritual meaning.
Phraseological units with the use of the word cara
(face).
cruzar (alguien) la cara a alguien - meaning: to
slap or hit someone.
Example: “Ten
go delante las necrológicas que han
publicado sobre él varios periódicos, todas ellas
iluminadas por fotografías con la amplia sonrisa
que le cruzaba toda la cara y le achinaba los ojos
(El País, July 15, 2022).
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(2023:
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That phrase can be directly translated. In Uzbek
there is the ironic phrase yuzini bejab qo´ymoq,
which can be used as the equivalent of that
phraseological unit.
Phraseological units with the use of the word
dientes (teeth).
crujir (a alguien) los dientes - meaning: to feel
anger at someone for something that happened.
Example: “...el atómico, el hombre más araña
amarilla que nunca, que ordena a los suyos
acelerar, controlar. Eso significa caos y crujir de
dientes (El País, July 14, 2022).
The phraseological unit can be translated to
gnash (to someone) the teeth. As the equivalent,
tishini qayramoq is used, which translates as
sharpening the teeth.
Phraseological units with the use of the word
nariz (nose).
estar hasta las narices
–
meaning: to be fed up,
annoyed
Example: “Estamos hasta las narices de llamar de
puerta en puerta en el Gobierno andaluz”, afirma
Pastrana (El País, July 2, 2022).
Such a phraseological unit cannot be translated
directly into Uzbek. According to the meaning of
the original phrase,
the Uzbek phrase bo‘g‘zigacha
kelmoq, which translates as reaching llegar hasta
la garganta. So, instead of the phraseological unit
with the word nose, in Uzbek we choose the
phrase with the word garganta (throat).
Phraseological units with the use of the word ojos
(eyes).
en un abrir y cerrar de ojos - meaning: quickly.
Example: “El extremo de Manchester United
resuelve la eliminatoria en un abrir y cerrar de
ojos” (El País, May 5, 2023).
This phraseological unit has a suitable variant in
Uzbek: ko‘z och
ib yumguncha, which means until
the eyes blink.
In the process of translating Spanish
phraseological units into Uzbek it may not be
correct to translate directly (besides some
situations like “in the blink of an eye”). In this case
the translators, in particular, the students of the
faculties of translation can mistake the meaning
of the phraseological units.
The meanings of the Spanish phraseological units,
the ones mentioned above, and their translations
into Uzbek showed that the phrases are
concentrated, especially, with such semantic
domains, which were significant in a subjective
way for people and are linked to interpersonal
relationships. and social situations. In it various
degrees of correspondence of language
peculiarities of phraseological units are formed:
from absolute coincidence (similarity) to
divergences (in coincidence), that is, the
difference, conditioned on the national specificity
of languages of two countries.
And this situation demands great mastery and
linguistic and cultural experience from the
translator. Sometimes translators translate only
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VOLUME
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SJIF
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(2022:
5.636
)
(2023:
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)
OCLC
–
1368736135
the meanings of phraseological units and do not
try to find their equivalents. It cannot be said that
this way of translation is incorrect. But using the
equivalent of the Spanish phrases in Uzbek
increases the expressive force and national
character of the text, and makes it more
interesting for the Uzbek audience.
R
EFERENCES
1.
Muminov, Omon. “The national and
cultural
aspect
of
equivalent
in
translation”: The importance of modern
pedagogical technologies in the teaching of
translation and interpretation. Tashkent,
2011. 3-5.
2.
Larin, Boris. “Essay on Phraseology (On
Systematization
and
Methods
of
Investigating Phraseological Materials)”:
History of the Russian Language and
Common Linguistics. Moscow, 1977. 125-
149.
3.
Rakhmatullayev, Shavkat. Phraseological
dictionary of the Uzbek language.
Tashkent: Encyclopedia Edition, 1992.
4.
Ferraro,
Rita
Giovana
Mauzinho.
Spanish/Portuguese contrastive analysis
of phraseological units / Doctoral thesis.
Cádiz: Publications Service of the
University of Cádiz, 2000.
5.
Balikova, Galiya. "The social aspect of
sentence formation": Philology and
journalism in the context of culture.
Rostov-na-
Donu, № 2 (1998): 6
-7.
6.
Melikyan, Vadim. Syntactic phraseology
and syntactic phraseological units /
Monograph. Rostov-na-Donu: Russian
State Pedagogical University Publication
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